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List of basic geography topics

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For a more comprehensive list, see the List of geography topics.
For the five unifying themes of geography, see 5 Themes of Geography.

Geography is the study of the Earth and its features and of the distribution of life on the earth, including human life and the effects of human activity. Geography research addresses both the questions of where, as well as why, geographical phenomena occur. Basic topics in geography include:

Nature of geography

Main articles: Earth and Geography

Branches of geography

Geography is divided into 2 main branches: physical geography and human geography. Each of these branches is divided into a number of subfields:

Sub-fields of physical geography

Fields of physical geography Focal subjects
Biogeography Species
Climatology Climate
Coastal/Marine studies Coasts
Environmental geography Environmental science
Geodesy Gravity, Magnetic field
Geomorphology Landforms
Hydrology Water cycle, Water resources
   Glaciology Glacier
   Oceanography Ocean, Sea
   Limnology Lake, Pond, River
Landscape ecology Nitrogen cycle
Palaeogeography Continental drift
Pedology Soil

Sub-fields of human geography

Fields of human geography Focal subjects
Behavioral geography
Children's geographies
Cultural geography
Economic geography
Environmental geography
Feminist geography
Development geography
Health geography
Historical geography
Military geography
Political geography, including Geopolitics
Population geography or Demography
Regional geography
Social geography
Strategic geography
Transportation geography
Time geography
Tourism geography
Urban geography

Geographic multi-disciplinary fields

Geography by region

Regions of the world

Demographics by region

History of geography

Main article: History of geography

Earth's spheres

Geographical features

The Continents

Natural geographical features (landforms)

Manmade geographical features

Basic geography concepts

Influential geographers

Geography lists

Main article: Lists of geography topics

See also