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Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics

Coordinates: 47°59′54″N 7°51′41″E / 47.99833°N 7.86139°E / 47.99833; 7.86139
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Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS)
AbbreviationKIS
Formation1943: founded as the Fraunhofer Institute by Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer) / 1978: renamed to Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics / 2018: renamed to Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics
TypeResearch Institute
Location
Managing Director
Prof. Dr. Svetlana Berdyugina
Parent organization
Leibniz Association
AffiliationsLeibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS) / Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS)
Websitewww.leibniz-kis.de/en/

The Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS) (abbreviation: KIS; Template:Lang-de), formerly known as Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics (KIS) is a research institute located in Freiburg, Germany. As a member of the Leibniz Association, the institute conducts basic research in astronomy and astrophysics with a particular focus on solar physics. The institute has one solar telescope on the Schauinsland Mountain near Freiburg and, in collaboration with other institutions, uses solar telescopes of the Teide Observatory in Tenerife, Spain.

The institute's structure and operation is based on three strategic pillars: 1) fundamental research, 2) operation of the German solar telescope infrastructure on Tenerife, and 3) applied research in data science and operation of the Science Data Center. Institute's Professors appointed and habilitated at the University of Freiburg offer lectures at various university degree levels and train young scientists.

History

The Institute was founded in 1943 as the 'Fraunhofer Institute' by Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer. Kiepenheuer was director of the Institute from 1943 until his death in 1975. The Institute was renamed as the 'Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics' to honour the founder of the Institute and to enable the Fraunhofer Society to call their own institutes (the first of which was founded in 1954), 'Fraunhofer Institutes'. Both Institutions had been named independently after the physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer, and they had no other connection besides the name.[1] In November 2018, name of the institute was renamed to Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS) (Leibniz-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS)) to highlight the institute’s membership in the Leibniz Association.

Kiepenheuer Institute for Solar Physics

Organisation

The Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS) is a foundation under public law of the state of Baden-Württemberg. The organs of the Leibniz Institute for Solar Physics (KIS) are the Foundation Council, the Scientific Advisory Council and the Board of Directors.

The Institute is divided into two scientific departments: "Solar and Stellar Astrophysics" and "Observatory and Instrumentation." A third administrative-technical department combines the cross-sectional groups of administration and technical service.

Outposts

The solar observatory at the island of Capri, Italy was founded in 1954. The Coudé refractor became operational in 1966, and from that time the solar telescope on the Schauinsland continued to be used only for testing equipment. For several years, the Capri observatory with its domeless telescope provided observation time to the institute.[2][3][4][5][6]

In the early 1970s, the Institute searched for a suitable place to establish a European solar observatory, and Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer took an active part in this search.[7] Finally the Spanish island of Tenerife was chosen, due its dry weather and stable atmosphere. In 1989, the Vacuum Tower Telescope became operational, with a 70-cm mirror and adaptive optics.[8] The outpost in Capri was closed after the solar observatory at the Teide Observatory became operational.[9]

References

  1. ^ P. Seiler, Michael (2007). "Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer (1910–1975)". Kommandosache "Sonnengott": Geschichte der deutschen Sonnenforschung im Dritten Reich und unter alliierter Besatzung. Verlag Harri Deutsch. pp. 56–65. ISBN 978-3-8171-1797-0.
  2. ^ Manly, Peter L. (1995). Unusual Telescopes. Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-521-48393-3.
  3. ^ Mattig, Wolfgang (2003). "Obituary: Anton Bruzek (1915 2003)". Solar Physics. 216 (1/2): 1. Bibcode:2003SoPh..216....1M. doi:10.1023/A:1026160915011.
  4. ^ Engvold, O (1991). "Large Earth-based Solar Telescope—LEST". Advances in Space Research. 11 (5): 157. Bibcode:1991AdSpR..11..157E. doi:10.1016/0273-1177(91)90374-S.
  5. ^ Kiepenheuer, K.O. (1967). "Fraunhofer Institut, Freiburg". Solar Physics. 1 (1). Bibcode:1967SoPh....1..162K. doi:10.1007/BF00150314.
  6. ^ Kiepenheuer, K. O. (1964). "The Domeless Solar Refractor of Capri Observatory". Sky and Telescope. 31: 256. Bibcode:1964MitAG..17..151.
  7. ^ Mattig, W. (1976). "Nachrufe: Karl-Otto Kiepenheuer". Mitteilungen der Astronomischen Gesellschaft. 38: 11–13. Bibcode:1976MitAG..38...11M.
  8. ^ "Vacuum Tower Telescope".
  9. ^ Hasinger, Günther (2008). "Solar telescopes". Status and Prospects of Astronomy in Germany 2003-2016: Memorandum. Wiley-VCH. p. 161. ISBN 978-3-527-31910-7.

47°59′54″N 7°51′41″E / 47.99833°N 7.86139°E / 47.99833; 7.86139

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