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John Hughes (filmmaker)

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John Hughes
Hughes at the premiere of Home Alone 2: Lost in New York in 1992
Born
John Wilden Hughes Jr.

(1950-02-18)February 18, 1950
Lansing, Michigan, U.S.
DiedAugust 6, 2009(2009-08-06) (aged 59)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Resting placeLake Forest Cemetery
Other namesEdmond Dantès
OccupationFilmmaker
Years active1970–2009
Spouse
Nancy Ludwig
​
(m. 1970)​
[1]
Children2 [1]
ParentJohn Hughes Sr. (Father) Elizabeth Thorne (Mother)
RelativesTamara Thorne (Sister)

John Wilden Hughes Jr.[2] (February 18, 1950 – August 6, 2009) was an American filmmaker. Hughes began his career in 1970 as an author of humorous essays and stories for the National Lampoon magazine. He went on to Hollywood to write, produce and sometimes direct some of the most successful live-action comedy films of the 1980s such as National Lampoon's Vacation, Mr. Mom, Sixteen Candles, Weird Science, The Breakfast Club, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, Pretty in Pink, Some Kind of Wonderful, Planes, Trains and Automobiles, She's Having a Baby, Uncle Buck, Home Alone, Dutch, Beethoven (co-written under the pseudonym Edmond Dantès), Dennis the Menace, and Baby's Day Out.

Most of Hughes' work is set in the Chicago metropolitan area. He is best known for his coming-of-age teen comedy films which often combined magic realism[3] with honest depictions of suburban teenage life. Many of his most enduring characters from these years were written for Molly Ringwald, who was Hughes' muse.[4]

While out on a walk one morning in New York in the summer of 2009, Hughes suffered a fatal heart attack.[1] His legacy after his death was honored by many, including at the 82nd Academy Awards by actors with whom he had worked such as Ringwald, Matthew Broderick, Anthony Michael Hall, and Macaulay Culkin, among others.[5][6] Actors whose careers Hughes helped launch include Michael Keaton, Hall, Bill Paxton, Broderick, Culkin, and members of the Brat Pack group.

Early life

Hughes was born on February 18, 1950, in Lansing, Michigan, to Marion Crawford, who volunteered in charity work, and John Hughes Sr., who worked in sales.[7][8] He was the only boy, and had three sisters. He spent the first twelve years of his life in Grosse Pointe, Michigan, where he was a fan of Detroit Red Wings #9 Gordie Howe.[1] Hughes described himself as "kind of quiet" as a kid.[9]

"I grew up in a neighborhood that was mostly girls and old people. There weren't any boys my age, so I spent a lot of time by myself, imagining things. And every time we would get established somewhere, we would move. Life just started to get good in seventh grade, and then we moved to Chicago. I ended up in a really big high school, and I didn't know anybody. But then The Beatles came along (and) changed my whole life. And then Bob Dylan's Bringing It All Back Home came out and really changed me. Thursday I was one person, and Friday I was another. My heroes were Dylan, John Lennon and Picasso, because they each moved their particular medium forward, and when they got to the point where they were comfortable, they always moved on."

In 1963, Hughes's family moved to Northbrook, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. There, his father found work selling roofing materials.[1] Hughes attended Grove Middle School, later going on to Glenbrook North High School, which gave him inspiration for the films that eventually made his reputation.[10] He met Nancy Ludwig, a cheerleader and his future wife, in high school.[11] As a teenager, Hughes found movies as an escape. According to childhood friend Jackson Peterson, "His mom and dad criticized him a lot (...) She [Marion] would be critical of what John would want to do".[12] Hughes was an avid fan of the Beatles,[1] and according to several friends, he knew a lot about movies and the Rat Pack.[13]

Career

After dropping out of the University of Arizona,[14] Hughes began selling jokes to well-established performers such as Rodney Dangerfield and Joan Rivers.[15] Hughes used his jokes to get an entry-level job at Needham, Harper & Steers as an advertising copywriter in Chicago in 1970[16] and later in 1974 at Leo Burnett Worldwide. During this period, he created what became the famous Edge "Credit Card Shaving Test" ad campaign.

Hughes's work on the Virginia Slims account frequently took him to the Philip Morris headquarters in New York City, which allowed him to visit the offices of National Lampoon magazine.[1] Soon thereafter, Hughes became a regular contributor; editor P. J. O'Rourke recalled that "John wrote so fast and so well that it was hard for a monthly magazine to keep up with him".[17] One of Hughes's first stories, inspired by his family trips as a child,[15] was "Vacation '58", later to become the basis for the film National Lampoon's Vacation. Among his other contributions to the Lampoon, the April Fools' Day stories "My Penis" and "My Vagina" gave an early indication of Hughes's ear for the particular rhythm of teen speak, as well as for the various indignities of teenage life in general.

His first credited screenplay, National Lampoon's Class Reunion, was written while still on staff at the magazine. The resulting film became the second disastrous attempt by the flagship to duplicate the runaway success of National Lampoon's Animal House. Hughes's next screenplay for the imprint, however, National Lampoon's Vacation, would become a major hit in 1983. This, along with the success of another Hughes script that same year, Mr. Mom, earned him a three-film deal with Universal Pictures.[18]

Teen films

Hughes's directorial debut, Sixteen Candles, won almost unanimous praise when it was released in 1984, due in no small part to its more honest depiction of navigating adolescence and the social dynamics of high school life in stark contrast to the Porky's-inspired comedies made at the time. It was the first in a string of efforts about teenage life set in or around high school, including The Breakfast Club, Weird Science, Pretty in Pink, Ferris Bueller's Day Off (see also Brat Pack) and Some Kind of Wonderful.

Beyond teen movies

To avoid being pigeonholed as a maker of only teen movies, Hughes branched out in 1987 by writing, directing, and producing the hit comedy Planes, Trains and Automobiles starring Steve Martin and John Candy. His later output was not so well received critically, though films like Uncle Buck and National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation proved popular. His final film as a director was 1991's Curly Sue. By that time, in 1991, his John Hughes Entertainment production company had signed various deals with 20th Century Fox and Warner Bros.[19]

Hughes's greatest commercial success came with Home Alone, a film he wrote and produced about a child accidentally left behind when his family goes away for Christmas, forcing him to protect himself and his house from a pair of inept burglars. Home Alone was the top-grossing film of 1990 and remains the most successful live-action family comedy of all time. He followed up with the sequels Home Alone 2: Lost in New York in 1992 and Home Alone 3 in 1997. Some of the subsequent films he wrote and produced during this time also contained elements of the Home Alone formula, including the successful Dennis the Menace (1993) and the box office flop Baby's Day Out (1994).

He also wrote screenplays under the pseudonym Edmond Dantes (or Dantès), after the protagonist of Alexandre Dumas's novel The Count of Monte Cristo. Screenplays credited to the Dantes nom de plume include Maid in Manhattan, Drillbit Taylor and Beethoven.[15]

Collaboration with John Candy

Actor John Candy created many memorable roles in films written, directed or produced by Hughes, including National Lampoon's Vacation (1983), Planes, Trains and Automobiles (1987), The Great Outdoors (1988), Uncle Buck (1989), Home Alone (1990), and Only the Lonely (1991).

Over the years, Hughes and Candy developed a close friendship. Hughes was greatly shaken by Candy's sudden death from a heart attack in 1994. "He talked a lot about how much he loved Candy—if Candy had lived longer, I think John would have made more films as a director", says Vince Vaughn, a friend of Hughes.[1]

Unproduced screenplays

Main article: John Hughes's unrealized projects
  • Jaws 3: People 0 – a parody sequel to the popular film series[20] (1979)
  • The History of Ohio from the Beginning of Time to the End of the Universe, also known as National Lampoon's Dacron, Ohio[21] (1980; with P. J. O'Rourke)
  • The Joy of Sex: A Dirty Love Story[22] (1982; some drafts with Dan Greenburg)
  • Debs – a satire on Texas debutantes[23] (1983; Aaron Spelling Productions)
  • The New Kid[24] 1986
  • Oil and Vinegar – a soon-to-be-married man and a hitchhiking girl end up talking about their lives during the length of the car ride[25] (1987)
  • Bartholomew Vs. Neff – a vehicle that would have starred Sylvester Stallone and John Candy as feuding neighbors[26] (1991)
  • Black Cat Bone: The Return of Huckleberry Finn[24] (1991)
  • The Nanny[27] (1991)
  • The Bugster[27] (1991)
  • Ball 'n' Chain[27] (1991)
  • Live-action Peanuts film – Warner Bros. acquired the film rights to make a live-action Charlie Brown film, with Hughes set to both produce and write[24] (1993)
  • The Bee – a feature-length Disney film that actor Daniel Stern was attached to direct[28] (1994)
  • Tickets – Teens wait overnight for free tickets to a farewell concert[29] (1996)
  • How the Grinch Stole Christmas - Hughes pitched a film version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas! to various studios before it was adapted into the 2000 live-action film[30] (1998)
  • The Grigsbys Go Broke – a wealthy family lose their fortune, forcing them to move to the other side of the tracks.[31] (2003)

Later years

In 1970, Bryan Spicer and John Hughes Hollywood Road Films the company the films The Car, The Wrong Guys, Bloodfist, Bloodfist II, Soapdish, Bloodfist III: Forced to Fight, Freddie as F.R.O.7, Bloodfist IV: Die Trying, Bloodfist V: Human Target, Bloodfist VI: Ground Zero, Bloodfist VII: Manhunt, Bloodfist VIII: Trained to Kill, Bloodfist 2050 and Dear Lemon Lima.

In 1994, Hughes retired from the public eye and moved back to the Chicago area. The following year, Hughes and Ricardo Mestres, both of whom had production deals with Walt Disney Pictures, formed the short-lived joint venture production studio Great Oaks Entertainment.[32][33] Hughes worked in Chicago, while Mestres was based in Los Angeles.[34] The company produced the films Jack, 101 Dalmatians, and Flubber, but Hughes and Mestres ended their partnership in 1997.[35] The 1998 film Reach the Rock, which was produced as part of the partnership between Hughes and Mestres, was subsequently credited as "a Gramercy Pictures release of a John Hughes and Ricardo Mestres production".[36]

In the following years, Hughes rarely granted interviews to the media, save a select few in 1999 to promote the soundtrack album of Reach the Rock.[37] The album was compiled by Hughes's son, John Hughes III, and released on his son's Chicago-based record label Hefty Records.[38] He also recorded an audio commentary for the 1999 DVD release of Ferris Bueller's Day Off.

Personal life

In 1970, then-20-year old [17] Hughes married Nancy Ludwig, whom he had met in high school. Together they had two children: John Hughes III (born in 1976) and James Hughes (born in 1979). They were together until his death in 2009. Nancy Hughes died on September 15, 2019.[39]

Michael Weiss and Ben Stein said Hughes was a Reagan Republican. PJ O'Rourke said:

I have no idea how, or if, John voted ... John and I never bothered to talk much about our politics. What we did talk about was the 20th century’s dominant scrambled egghead bien pensant buttinski parlor pinko righty-tighty lefty-loosey nutfudge notion that middle-class American culture was junk, that middle-class Americans were passive dimbulbs, that America itself was a flop and that America's suburbs were a living hell almost beyond the power of John Cheever's words to describe ... We were becoming conservatives—in the most conservational sense. There were things that others before us had achieved and these were worth conserving ... Family was the most conservative thing about John. Walking across the family room in your stocking feet and stepping on a Lego (ouch!) was the fundamental building block of society.[17]

Death

On August 5, 2009, Hughes and his wife traveled to New York City to visit their son James and their new grandson. James said his father appeared to be in good health that night and that the family had made plans for the next day. On the morning of August 6, Hughes was taking a walk near his hotel on West 55th Street in Manhattan when he suffered a heart attack.[1] He was rushed to Roosevelt Hospital, where he was pronounced dead at age 59.[40] Hughes's funeral was held on August 11 in Chicago; he was buried at Lake Forest Cemetery.[41] It was attended by his wife, two children, and his grandchildren.[14]

Legacy

The pilot episode of the NBC comedy Community, broadcast on September 17, 2009, was dedicated to Hughes.[42] The episode included several references to The Breakfast Club and ended with a cover of "Don't You (Forget About Me)".[43] The One Tree Hill episode titled "Don't You Forget About Me", broadcast on February 1, 2010, ended with a scene similar to the ending scene of Sixteen Candles and included some other references to his movies such as Home Alone. The 2011 Bob's Burgers episode "Sheesh! Cab, Bob?" also paid homage to Sixteen Candles.

After Hughes's death, many of those who knew him commented on the impact Hughes had on them and on the film industry. Molly Ringwald said, "I was stunned and incredibly sad to hear about the death of John Hughes. He was and will always be such an important part of my life. ... He will be missed – by me and by everyone that he has touched. My heart and all my thoughts are with his family now."[44] Matthew Broderick also released his own statement, saying, "I am truly shocked and saddened by the news about my old friend John Hughes. He was a wonderful, very talented guy and my heart goes out to his family."[44]

The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) included a tribute to Hughes's work. A retrospective of clips from Hughes's films was followed by cast members from several of them, including Molly Ringwald, Matthew Broderick, Macaulay Culkin, Judd Nelson, Ally Sheedy, Anthony Michael Hall and Jon Cryer,[5] gathering on stage to commemorate Hughes and his contributions to the film industry.[6]

Films with scenes taking place in fictional high schools named after Hughes include: the 2001 satire Not Another Teen Movie, the 2010–2013 Disney Channel sitcom Shake It Up and the 2016 Hallmark film Date With Love.

Hughes's work has also influenced a new generation of millennial filmmakers,[45] including M. H. Murray of Teenagers fame, who has cited Hughes as one of his main influences in interviews,[46][47] once stating: "I loved how John Hughes wrote teens ... They were flawed in this genuine sort of way."[48] Kelly Fremon Craig, who wrote and directed The Edge of Seventeen, also cited Hughes as an influence.[49][50]

John Hughes is referenced in Jesu/Sun Kil Moon's song "Hello Chicago".[51] Mark Kozelek recalls a phone conversation with Hughes in which Kozelek asked him for $15,000 in order to release his album Songs for a Blue Guitar (released by his band The Red House Painters). Hughes agreed, stating "You're young and on the rise, and I'm just an old man living in Chicago".

Maisie Peters released a song called "John Hughes Movie" in 2021.[52]

The 2021 Ernest Cline novel Ready Player Two features a quest where the characters visit the planet Shermer which mashes up characters, actors, and sets from various John Hughes movies. The characters must visit a computer generated avatar of Hughes and change the ending of Pretty in Pink to complete the quest.

Filmography

Film

Year Title Director Writer Producer Note
1982 National Lampoon's Class Reunion No Yes Yes
1983 Mr. Mom No Yes No
National Lampoon's Vacation No Yes No Based on his short story "Vacation '58", Also lyricist for "Walley World National Anthem"
Nate and Hayes No Yes No
1984 Sixteen Candles Yes Yes No
1985 The Breakfast Club Yes Yes Yes
European Vacation No Yes No Co-Screenwritter with Robert Klane
Weird Science Yes Yes No
1986 Pretty in Pink No Yes Executive
Ferris Bueller's Day Off Yes Yes Yes
1987 Some Kind of Wonderful No Yes Yes
Planes, Trains and Automobiles Yes Yes Yes Also lyricist for "I Can Take Anything"
1988 She's Having a Baby Yes Yes Yes
The Great Outdoors No Yes Yes
1989 Uncle Buck Yes Yes Yes
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation No Yes Yes
1990 Home Alone No Yes Yes
1991 Career Opportunities No Yes Yes
Only the Lonely No No Yes
Dutch No Yes Yes
Curly Sue Yes Yes Yes
1992 Beethoven No Yes No Credited as Edmond Dantès
Home Alone 2: Lost in New York No Yes Yes Based on characters created by John Hughes
1993 Dennis the Menace No Yes Yes
1994 Baby's Day Out No Yes Yes
Miracle on 34th Street No Yes Yes
1996 101 Dalmatians No Yes Yes
1997 Flubber No Yes Yes
Home Alone 3 No Yes Yes
1998 Reach the Rock No Yes Yes
2001 Just Visiting No Yes No
New Port South No No Yes
2002 Maid in Manhattan No Story No Credited as Edmond Dantes
2008 Drillbit Taylor No Story No

Acting roles

Year Title Role Note
1982 National Lampoon's Class Reunion 'Girl' with paper bag on head Uncredited
1985 The Breakfast Club Brian's dad
1986 Ferris Bueller's Day Off Man running between cabs

Television

Writer

Year Title Note
1979 Delta House 5 episodes
1983 At Ease Also creator and creative consultant for 1 episode
2000 American Adventure Based on characters by Hughes

As himself

Year Title Note
1994 Hal Roach: Hollywood's King of Laughter TV documentary
1995 Biography To John with Love: A Tribute to John Candy
2001 E! True Hollywood Story Sixteen Candles

Posthumous credits

Year Title Credit Note
2009 Community In memorial Episode: Pilot
Spud In memory of Short
Big Tingz
Don't You Forget About Me Documentary
Teen Spirit: Teenagers and Hollywood Archive footage TV documentary
2010 82nd Academy Awards Special memorial tribute
Hotel Hell Vacation Based on original characters created by Hughes Short
Jelly In memory of
Skateland
One Tree Hill Episode: Don't You Forget About Me
Don't You Forget About Me Short
Darren and Abby
2011 Hughes The Force Thanks: thank you for inspiring generations of people Short
Beethoven's Christmas Adventure Based on original characters Direct-to-video film
2012 ParaNorman Dedicatee
Home Alone: The Holiday Heist Based on original characters - uncredited TV movie
Special Collector's Edition In memory of Episode: Blu-ray: Las vacaciones europeas de una chiflada familia americana
Jobriath A.D. Special thanks Documentary
2013 A Place to Call His Own Inspiration
First Period Special thanks
Faraday
2014 Death and Boredom Special thanks Short
The Greatest 80s Movies Archive footage TV documentary
Tagträumer: Mein Herz Special thanks Short
Out of Print The director would like to thank Documentary
The Truth About You Very special thanks
Beethoven's Treasure Tails Based on characters created by Edmond Dantés
2015 Vacation Based on characters created by Hughes
The Goldbergs Dedicated to Episode: Barry Goldberg's Day Off
DRUNK STONED BRILLIANT DEAD: The Story of the National Lampoon Archive footage Documentary
2016 Uncle Buck Based on Uncle Buck by Hughes Second television incarnation based on the film
Entertainment Tonight Archive footage 3 episodes
2017 Pizza Special thanks Short
Studio Bagel Episode: Flashback Museum
The Insider Archive footage Episode: Episode #13.204
2018 Ready Player One Cultural references
2020 Ready Player Two Cultural references
2021 Home Sweet Home Alone Based on his film Home Alone

Don't You Forget About Me

Don't You Forget About Me is a 2009 documentary about four Canadian filmmakers who go in search of Hughes after he dropped out of the spotlight in 1994. It features interviews with Molly Ringwald, Anthony Michael Hall, Matthew Broderick, and other actors from Hughes' films. The film is named after the Simple Minds song of the same name, which was the theme song for the film The Breakfast Club, which Hughes wrote, produced and directed.

Don't You Forget About Me is also the name of an anthology of contemporary writers writing about the films of John Hughes, edited by Jaime Clarke with a foreword by Ally Sheedy, published by Simon Spotlight Entertainment. Writers include Steve Almond, Julianna Baggott, Lisa Borders, Ryan Boudinot, T Cooper, Quinn Dalton, Emily Franklin, Lisa Gabriele, Tod Goldberg, Nina de Gramont, Tara Ison, Allison Lynn, John McNally, Dan Pope, Lewis Robinson, Ben Schrank, Elizabeth Searle, Mary Sullivan, Rebecca Wolff and Moon Unit Zappa.

Books

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i Kamp, David (March 2010). "Sweet Bard of Youth". Vanity Fair. Retrieved February 20, 2010.
  2. ^ Goodman, Dean (August 6, 2009). ""Brat Pack" Director John Hughes Dies of Heart Attack". Reuters. Retrieved October 15, 2010.
  3. ^ "John Hughes' 10 best movies". Newsday. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  4. ^ "Molly Ringwald looks back on 'Sixteen Candles' in light of #MeToo movement". TODAY.com. Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  5. ^ a b BuzzSugar (March 7, 2010). "Video Tribute to John Hughes at the 2010 Oscars". Popsugar.com. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  6. ^ a b "Oscars 2010: John Hughes Remembered at Academy Awards". Archived from the original on July 11, 2011. Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  7. ^ "John Hughes Biography (1950–)". Film Reference.
  8. ^ "John W. HUGHES' Obituary on Arizona Daily Star". Arizona Daily Star.
  9. ^ "Molly Ringwald Interviews John Hughes". Seventeen Magazine. Spring 1986. Archived from the original on August 9, 2009. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  10. ^ Michael Joseph Gross (May 9, 2004). "When the Losers Ruled in Teenage Movies". The New York Times. p. 4. Retrieved July 21, 2010.
  11. ^ "A Diamond and a Kiss: The Women of John Hughes | Hazlitt". Hazlitt. July 5, 2016. Retrieved June 17, 2018.
  12. ^ Gora, Susannah (2011). You Couldn't Ignore Me If You Tried: The Brat Pack, John Hughes, and Their Impact on a Generation. Three Rivers Press. p. 14. ISBN 9780307716606. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  13. ^ Gora, Susannah (2011). You Couldn't Ignore Me If You Tried: The Brat Pack, John Hughes, and Their Impact on a Generation. Three Rivers Press. ISBN 9780307716606. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
  14. ^ a b "John Wilden Hughes, Jr". Biography.com. A&E Television Networks. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
  15. ^ a b c Saperstein, Pat (August 6, 2009). "Director John Hughes dies at 59". Variety.
  16. ^ McLellan, Dennis (August 7, 2009). "John Hughes dies at 59; writer-director of '80s teen films". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  17. ^ a b c O’Rourke, P. J. (March 22, 2015). "Don't You Forget About Me: The John Hughes I Knew". The Daily Beast. Retrieved April 26, 2019.
  18. ^ Brady, Celia (August 1990). "Big Baby". Spy. pp. 66–77. Retrieved September 3, 2012.
  19. ^ "Fox Says 'Big Deal' to New Hollywood Frugality : Movies: Writer-director John Hughes reportedly will get more than $200 millionfrom Fox. Included is a sequel to the box-office hit". Los Angeles Times. February 14, 1991. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
  20. ^ "More Than Meets the Mogwai: Jaws 3/People 0 – Script Review". Blogger.com. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
  21. ^ "National Lampoon's The History of Ohio from the Dawn of Time Until the End of the Universe a.k.a. National Lampoon's Dacron, OH (1980)". Prettyinpodcast.com. Retrieved May 26, 2016.
  22. ^ "06 – NATIONAL LAMPOON'S THE JOY OF SEX (PART TWO 1981–1982)". Prettyinpodcast.com. Retrieved January 24, 2016.
  23. ^ Honeycutt, Kirk (2015). John Hughes: A Life in Film. p. 41.
  24. ^ a b c Evans, Bradford (July 12, 2012). "The Lost Projects of John Hughes". Splitsider. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  25. ^ Sciretta, Peter (February 18, 2010). "Details About One of John Hughes Unproduced Screenplays". /Film. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved March 8, 2010.
  26. ^ Carter, Bill (August 4, 1991). "Him Alone". The New York Times. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  27. ^ a b c "20th Previews Foxy Lineup". Variety. February 10, 1991. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  28. ^ Appelo, Tim (December 2, 1994). "John Hughes' View from the Top". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  29. ^ "Film Projects 1999–2002 (haven't heard anything since)". The John Hughes Files. Archived from the original on September 19, 2010. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
  30. ^ "The Grinch's Gatekeeper". Newsweek. November 11, 2000. Retrieved November 26, 2018.
  31. ^ "John Hughes to do "The Grisbeys"". Screenwriters' Utopia. Archived from the original on May 26, 2011. Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  32. ^ Busch, Anita M. (February 19, 1995). "Hughes And Mestres Team In Disney-based Great Oaks Ent". Variety. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  33. ^ Petrikin, Chris (1999). Variety power players 2000 : movers and shakers, power brokers and career makers in Hollywood. Perigee Books. p. 50. ISBN 0399525696.
  34. ^ Honeycutt, Kirk (2015). John Hughes: A Life in Film. Race Point Publishing. p. 188. ISBN 9781631060229.
  35. ^ Cox, Dan (November 4, 1997). "Mestres takes root at Disney". Variety. Retrieved December 6, 2018.
  36. ^ Loewenstein, Lael (October 16, 1998). "Reach the Rock". Variety. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  37. ^ Diaz, Julio (March 1999). "1999 interview with Hughes". Ink 19.
  38. ^ Goldstein, Patrick (March 24, 2008). "John Hughes' imprint remains. He's still revered in Hollywood, but whatever happened to the king of the teens?". Los Angeles Times.
  39. ^ O'Donnell, Maureen (September 24, 2019). "Nancy Hughes, inspiration, trusted adviser and wife of filmmaker John Hughes, has died at 68". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 23, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  40. ^ "Tracking down the place where we lost John Hughes". movieline.com. August 13, 2009. Archived from the original on December 21, 2011. Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  41. ^ Kori Rumore (September 7, 2017). "Buried in Chicago: Where the famous rest in peace". Chicago Tribune.
  42. ^ "NBC's 'Community' dedicates its pilot to the late John Hughes". Tampa Bay Times. Archived from the original on May 1, 2015.
  43. ^ "NBC web site for Community". Nbc.com. July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 26, 2011.[not specific enough to verify]
  44. ^ a b "Eighties Stars Speak About John Hughes". PerezHilton.com. Retrieved July 26, 2011.
  45. ^ "How 80's Filmmaker, John Hughes Changed the World | Talent Monthly Magazine". www.talentmonthly.com. Archived from the original on November 4, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  46. ^ "Teenagers - The Canadian Skins - The Daily Spectacle". dailyspectacle.co.uk. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  47. ^ "Exclusive Interview with Teenagers Creator Mathew Murray". TalkNerdyWithUs. April 29, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  48. ^ News, Mississauga. "Mississauga director's web series a raw take on teenage life". www.mississauga.com. Retrieved November 4, 2016. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  49. ^ "Hailee Steinfeld Talks Making Coming-of-Age Film 'Edge of Seventeen' at TIFF". www.msn.com. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  50. ^ "Review: The Edge of Seventeen is a Modern Day Tribute to John Hughes". We Live Entertainment. September 25, 2016. Retrieved November 4, 2016.
  51. ^ Jesu and Sun Kil Moon (Ft. Jesu & Sun Kil Moon) – Hello Chicago, retrieved May 16, 2019
  52. ^ Wilcock, Ross (March 1, 2021). "Maisie Peters sees first charting single with 'John Hughes Movie'". Snack. Retrieved April 20, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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