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Kha b-Nisan

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Kha b' Nisan
Kha b' Nisan celebration in Nahla region
Official nameTemplate:Lang-aii
Observed byAssyrian people
TypeCultural
SignificanceNew Year holiday
Date1 April
Next time1 April 2025 (2025-04-01)
Related toAkitu, Seharane, Noruz

Kha b-Nisan, Ha b-Nisin,[1] or Ha b-Nison (Template:Lang-aii, "First of April"), also known as Resha d-Sheta (Assyrian: ܪܫܐ ܕܫܢܬܐ, "Head of the year") and as Akitu (Assyrian: ܐܟܝܬܘ), or Assyrian New Year,[2][unreliable source?] is the spring festival among the indigenous Assyrians of northern Iraq, northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey and northwestern Iran,[3] celebrated on the first day of April.

The festival has its roots in the ancient Mesopotamian religion practiced by Assyrians until its gradual demise in the face of Syriac Christianity between the 1st and 4th centuries AD. Majority of todays Assyrians are Christians,[4] with most being adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Syriac Catholic Church, Ancient Church of the East, Assyrian Pentecostal Church and Assyrian Evangelical Church.

Celebrations involve parades and parties. Some Assyrians wear traditional costumes and dance for hours. Celebrations take place throughout Assyria and other areas in the Middle East, along with some in the United States, Europe, Australia, Canada and the Caucasus among Assyrian diaspora communities. There are often parties with food, music and dancing.[5][unreliable source?]

History

Assyrians celebrating Assyrian New Year (Akitu) 6769 (Nisan, April 1st 2019) in Nohadra (Duhok), Iraq

In the Julian calendar, the vernal equinox moved gradually away from 21 March. The Gregorian calendar reform restored the vernal equinox to its original date, but since the festival was by now tied to the date, not the astronomical event, Kha b-Nisan remains fixed at 21 March in the Julian reckoning, corresponding to 1 April in the Gregorian calendar. The Vernal equinox is celebrated throughout Greater Iran as Noruz (meaning "New Day") on 21 March. However, in the ancient Assyrian, Akkadian and Babylonian traditions, the spring festival was celebrated in the first days of the month known as "Nisan"[6] and the calendar adopted by the ancient Assyrians had the month "Nisan" at the beginning of the calendar[7] lending to the term "Kha b-Nisan", or the "first of Nisan".

The event is largely celebrated by Assyrians residing in Syria. Although the Syrian government does not acknowledge the festival, Assyrians still continue with the celebration.[8] In 2002, Assyrians in Syria celebrated the event with a mass wedding of 16 couples and over 25,000 attendees.[9] After the formation of Turkey, Kha b-Nisan along with Nowruz were banned from public to celebrate. Assyrians in Turkey were first allowed to publicly celebrate Kha b-Nisan in 2005, after organizers received permission from the government to stage the event, in light of democratic reforms adopted in support of Turkey's EU membership bid.[10][unreliable source?][11][unreliable source?] Around 5,000 people "including large groups of visiting ethnic Assyrians from Europe, Syria and Iraq" took part in the Kha b-Nisan celebrations.[12]

One of the largest Assyrian New Year celebrations took place in Iraq in 2008. Public celebrations were not allowed by Saddam Hussein's regime prior to the start of the Iraq war. The event was organized by the Assyrian Democratic Movement (Zowaa) and between 45,000 to 65,000 people took part in the parade.[13][14]

In 2004, Hon. George Radanovich of the California State Assembly recognized the Assyrian New Year and extended his wishes to the Assyrian community in California.[15][unreliable source?] This was later followed by a letter from the California governor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, to the Assyrian community in California, congratulating them on the annual celebration.[16][unreliable source?]

Celebration

Assyrians celebrate Kha b-Nisan by holding social events including parades and parties. They also gather in clubs and social institutions and listen to the poets who recite the story of creation. The men and women wear traditional clothes and dance in parks for hours.

It has also become tradition to hold a parade down King Sargon Blvd in Chicago, Illinois.[17]

It is a tradition in Assyrian villages for girls to gather flowers and herbs which are then suspended under the house's roof. The bunches are referred to as "Deqna d-Nisan"[18][unreliable source?] (ܕܩܢܐ ܕܢܝܣܢ), meaning "the beard of April/Spring".

  • Chaldean Church float in Assyrian New Year parade in Chicago, IL
    Chaldean Church float in Assyrian New Year parade in Chicago, IL
  • Assyrian New Year in Nohadra (Duhok), Iraq in 2008
    Assyrian New Year in Nohadra (Duhok), Iraq in 2008

See also

References

  1. ^ AUA Release 26 March 2006. Archived 20 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ Michael Chammas. "Assyrian new year". Fairfield Champion. 26 March 2008. Archived 6 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Laing-Marshall 2005, p. 149-150.
  4. ^ For Assyrians as a Christian people, see
  5. ^ Aimie Rivera. "Assyrians celebrate new year". The Signal. 3/19/08. Archived 8 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ E. Elochukwu Uzukwu. Worship as Body Language: Introduction to Christian Worship : an African. Published by Liturgical Press, 1997.
  7. ^ William Ricketts Cooper. "An Archaic Dictionary: biographical, historical and mythological: from the Egyptian, Assyrian, and Etruscan monuments". Published by S. Bagster and Sons, 1876.
  8. ^ http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/topic,463af2212,46ef83f52,4959de172,0.html
  9. ^ http://www.bethsuryoyo.com/currentevents/6752HomelandCelebration/CelebrationInSyria.html
  10. ^ Assyrians Celebrate New Year for First Time in Turkey (SETimes.com)
  11. ^ Erkan's field diary: Archived 1 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ NYT (4 April 2005)[1]
  13. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  14. ^ http://www.zindamagazine.com/html/archives/2008/04.14.08/index_mon.php#goodmorningassyria Archived 2 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ Congressional Records – Extensions of Remarks[permanent dead link‍]
  16. ^ Governor's letter to Assyrian community Archived 8 December 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "April 2005". Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2009.
  18. ^ Ashor Giwargis. Al-Nahar Newspaper. Beirut, Lebanon. 14 April 2002.

Sources

  • Laing-Marshall, Andrea (2005). "Assyrians". Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. Vol. 1. New York-London: Routledge. pp. 149–150. ISBN 9781135193881.
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