User:LepidopteraMonarch/sandbox

Week 5 &6 - Working on the Perch page (Information in selected team members sandbox - Heather)

Original:

The general body type of a perch is somewhat long and rounded. True perch have "rough" or ctenoid scales. On the anterior side of the head are the maxilla and lower mandible for the mouth, a pair of nostrils, and two lidless eyes. On the posterior sides are the opercular series, which protect the gills, and the lateral line system, which is sensitive to vibrations in the water. The kidney of the perch runs along the backbone and forms a head, caudal to the gills. Perch have paired pectoral and pelvic fins, and two dorsal fins, the first one spiny and the second soft. These two fins can be separate or joined.

First Draft

The body shape of a perch is long and rounded which allows for fast swimming in water.

True perch have "rough" or ctenoid scales. On the anterior side of the head are the maxilla and lower mandible for the mouth, a pair of nostrils, and two lidless eyes. On the posterior sides are the opercular series, which protect the gills, and the lateral line system, which is sensitive to vibrations in the water. The kidney of the perch runs along the backbone and forms a head, caudal to the gills. Perch have paired pectoral and pelvic fins, and two dorsal fins, the first one spiny and the second soft. These two fins can be separate or joined.

External

• Body
  • The body shape of a perch is long and rounded which allows for fast swimming in the water. At mouth is found at the the anterior end of the fish with the anus or cloaca located at the posterior before the tail, which is the remaining end of the posterior formed from vertebrae and the spinal cord.
• Skeleton
  • Perch have an exoskeleton which is the outer shell and an endoskeleton which is the structural support inside the body, Perch are bony fish so these skeletons are composed of bone. The fins are also made of bony fin rays and have no direct connection to the spine except for the caudal fin.
• Vertebrae
  • Perch are vertebrates
    • a flexible rod shaped notochord running down the length of the animal directly above the gastrointestinal tract
    • Hollow tube of nerve tissues creating the spinal cord directly above the notochord
• Head
  • The head is consists of the skull (formed from loosely connected bones), snout, operculum, cheek, nostril (which has no connection to the oral cavity) and the spiracle.
• Jaw
  • Perch have strong jaws with a lower jaw that protrudes outward as they stay close to the ground and an upper jaw that is fixed in place. They have small brushlike teeth across their jaws and on the roof of their mouth, they are missing canine teeth most commonly seen in walleye or sauger fish.
• Eyes
  • Fish have a spherical shaped lens in their eyes with a retina that has both rod and cone cells.
• Gills
  • The gills are located under the operculum on both sides of the head and are used to extract oxygen molecules from water and expel carbon dioxide; the gills have gill rakers inside the mouth.
• Skin
  • The outside of the body is comprised of scales which originate from the mesoderm, Perch fish specifically have ctenoid scale.
• Scales
• Lateral Line
  • The lateral line (located along the body of the fish horizontally) is a sense organ used by fish to detect movement via vibrations.
• Photophores
• Fins
  • Perch fish have two dorsal fins, a spiny dorsal fin towards to anterior of the body and a soft dorsal fin towards the posterior of the body
  • Pelvic fins are found on each side of the body below the pectoral fins.
  • Caudal fin is located at the posterior end of the fish and is forked (split in half) and rounded
  • Anal fin is located on the ventral surface behind the anus
  • Pectoral fins are found on each side of the middle of the body closer to the anterior end.
  • Perch fish lack an adipose fin most commonly seen on trout and salmon between the dorsal and caudal fins.
• Intestines
  • The intestines of Perch consist of the small intestine and large intestine; the intestine has many pyloric caeca and a spiral value, the small intestine consists of the duodenum.
• Pyloric caeca
• Stomach
  • The esophagus is a flexible tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is connected the intestine via the pyloric sphincter.
• Kidneys
  • Fish have narrow and long kidneys that contain clusters of nephrons which empty into the mesonephric duct.
• Spleen
  • The spleen is located after to the stomach and before the spiral value. The spleen is connected to the circulatory system, not part of the digestive tract.
• Liver
  • The liver is composed of three lobes: one small lobe (includes the gall bladder) and two large lobes.
• Pancreas?
• Heart
  • Two chambered heart consisting of four compartments: the sinus venous, one atrium, one ventricle, and conus
• Swim bladder
  • Perch fish have a swim bladder that helps control buoyancy or floating within the water, the swim bladder is only found in bony fish.
• Reproductive system (Testes or Ovaries)
• Central nervous System
• Cerebellum
• (Immune system)

Week 4 - Choosing Articles (Perch)

Perch (No link for maxilla and lower mandible for the mouth in anatomy section, Anatomy section only covers outside anatomy)

Missing a lot of perch species such as Surfperch, Barber perch, Estuary perch, Golden perch, Macquarie perch, Pirate perch, White perch, Rock perch, Sacramento perch, Silver perch, Climbing perch, Japanese perch, Pond perch, and Blue perch

• Nostril (No organization, everything is in one large section. Talks briefly about different animals but not uses or anatomy.)

• Stomach
• Predatory fish - Confusing and repetitive language. Not organized, talks about everything in one big section. No pictures
• 
  Bottom fishing - Confusing and repetitive language

Fish anatomy

• Spiral valve

• Gill raker (One large section, can add more Wikipedia links)
• Oviparity

Dorsal fin

• Epaxial and hypaxial muscles (Written in the format for a professional to understand)

Week 3 - Article Review (Introduction)

Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. It is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny (the evolutionof species).

The science began in the classical era, continuing in Early Modern times with work by Pierre Belon who noted the similarities of the skeletons of birds and humans.

Comparative anatomy has provided evidence of common descent, and has assisted in the classification of animals.

• Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species in order to understand the changes that have taken place during evolution from common ancestors.