User:Elephantidae123/perchGroup

Project Animal Article Edits (Perch) - Week 5

Heather's Proposed Edits

The perch article lacks information regarding the Balkhash species of perch and additional information is needed in the section speaking on this species in order to prevent bias towards the European and Yellow perches. The article also needs additional explanation and information regarding information provided in the anatomy section. The author writes as though the reader has background information on anatomical features, which prevents the reader from getting a full understanding of the topic. The article also gets a bit off topic during the habitat section and begins to talk about methods of catching prey.

Odonnus' Proposed Edits

The perch article lacks links for certain anatomical features listed in the article. The article is also missing information regarding the internal anatomy of the fish. The article gives a good amount of information regarding the internal anatomy of the perch, however it is important to provide information regarding all aspects of the perch and in order to do that the internal anatomy needs to be addressed.

Sloane's Proposed Edits

There are multiple phrases in the perch article that are lacking proper citations or they are plagiarized. The sentence structure at times is also a bit choppy and could use some rewording in order to better clarify what the author is talking about. The article also uses a lot of sources that aren’t the most reliable, there are a lot of magazine articles used and the article would benefit more from sources that are more concrete and dependable. There also is the potential for a supplementary page to be included for the percidae, as these are ray finned fishes like the perch is.

Bibliography for Group Perch

“Exploring Our Fluid Earth.” Structure and Function - Fish | Manoa.hawaii.edu/ExploringOurFluidEarth, https://manoa.hawaii.edu/exploringourfluidearth/biological/fish/structure-and-function-fish

“External Body Parts of a Bony Fish (Lutjanidae) - Csun.edu.” CSUN.edu, https://www.csun.edu/~msteele/classes/Ich530/handouts/1_external%20anatomy%20and%20taxonomy.pdf

Hubbs, Carl L., et al. “Perch Family - Percidae.” Fishes of the Great Lakes Region, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2004, pp. 100–109.

Pringle, Robert M. “Origins of the Nile Perch in Lake Victoria.” OUP Academic, Oxford University Press, 1 Sept. 2005, https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/55/9/780/286121?login=true.

Project Animal (Perch) Draft Edits - Week 6

Heather's Draft - Species Section of Perch Article

Current section: (Sections to be removed are crossed out and sections to be added are in bold)

Species

Most authorities recognize three species within the perch genus:

There are nine species of perch:

• The European perch (P. fluviatilis) is found in Europe and Asia. This species is typically greenish in color with dark vertical bars on its sides with a red or orange coloring in the tips of its fins. The European perch has been successfully introduced in New Zealand and Australia, where it is known as the redfin perch or English perch. In Australia, larger specimens have been bred, but the species rarely grows heavier than 2.7 kg (6 lb).
• The Balkhash perch (P. schrenkii) is found in Kazakhstan, (in Lake Balkhash and Lake Alakol), Uzbekistan, and China. It is very similar to the European perch, and grows to a comparable size. It is a dark gray/black color on its dorsal side, but the ventral areas of the fish are a lighter silver or even sometimes green color. The Balkhash perch also displays the vertical bars on its sides, similar to the European and yellow perches. In the latter half of the 20^th century, the Balkhash perch was introduced into the basins of the Nura and Chu rivers. This introduction was successful and the population of Balkhash perch in the Balkhash Lake is rarer now. They are similar in size to the yellow and European perches, weighing around 1.5 kg.¹
• The yellow perch (P. flavescens), smaller and paler than the European perch, is found in North America. In northern areas, it is sometimes referred to as the lake perch. This species is prized for its food quality and has often been raised in hatcheries and introduced into areas in which it is not native. Yellow perch are almost identical in appearance to European perch, but have a more yellow coloring. These fish typically only reach a size of about 38 cm (15 in) and 1 kg (2 lb 3 oz)

Sources

¹Mamilov, Nadir Shamilevich. "Biology of Balkhash Perch (Perca schrenkii Kessler, 1874)." Biology of Perch (2016): 47-72.

Proposed media file addition: European perch

Odonnus' Draft - Anatomy Section of Perch Article

Proposed media file addition: Perch Fish Anatomy (~2012)

Original:

The general body type of a perch is somewhat long and rounded. True perch have "rough" or ctenoid scales. On the anterior side of the head are the maxilla and lower mandible for the mouth, a pair of nostrils, and two lidless eyes. On the posterior sides are the opercular series, which protect the gills, and the lateral line system, which is sensitive to vibrations in the water. The kidney of the perch runs along the backbone and forms a head, caudal to the gills. Perch have paired pectoral and pelvic fins, and two dorsal fins, the first one spiny and the second soft. These two fins can be separate or joined.

My draft below:

External Anatomy

• Body
  • The body shape of a perch is long and rounded which allows for fast swimming in the water. The mouth is found at the anterior end of the fish with the anus or cloaca located at the posterior before the tail, which is the remaining end of the posterior formed from vertebrae and the spinal cord. Perch are vertebrates with a flexible rod shaped notochord running down the length of the animal directly above the gastrointestinal tract and a hollow tube of nerve tissue creating the spinal cord directly above the notochord. Perch have an exoskeleton which is the outer shell and an endoskeleton which is the structural support inside the body, Perch are bony fish so these skeletons are composed of bone. The outside of the body is comprised of scales which originate from the mesoderm, Perch fish specifically have ctenoid scales . Fish have a lateral line (located along the body of the fish horizontally) which is a sense organ used to detect movement via vibrations .
• Head
  • The head consists of the skull (formed from loosely connected bones), eyes, mouth, operculum, gills, a pair of nostrils (which has no connection to the oral cavity) and the spiracle . Perch have strong jaws with a lower jaw (Mandible) that protrudes outward as they stay close to the ground and an upper jaw (Maxilla) that is fixed in place. They have small brushlike teeth across their jaws and on the roof of their mouth, they are missing canine teeth most commonly seen in walleye or sauger fish . Fish have a spherical shaped lens in their eyes with a retina that has both rod and cone cells . The gills are located under the operculum on both sides of the head and are used to extract oxygen molecules from water and expel carbon dioxide; the gills have gill rakers inside the mouth.
• Fins
  • Perch fins (dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal) are made of bony fin rays and have no direct connection to the spine except for the caudal fin. Perch fish have two dorsal fins, a spiny dorsal fin towards the anterior of the body and a soft dorsal fin towards the posterior of the body. A pair of Pectoral fins which are found on each side of the middle of the body closer to the anterior end. A pair of Pelvic fins which are found on each side of the body below the pectoral fins. An Anal fin which is located between the anus and the caudal fin. A Caudal fin (supported by soft rays) which is located at the posterior end. The caudal fin is forked (split in half) and rounded . Perch fish lack an adipose fin most commonly seen on trout and salmon between the dorsal and caudal fins.

Internal Anatomy

The intestines of Perch consist of the small intestine and large intestine; the intestines have many pyloric caeca and a spiral value, the small intestine consists of the duodenum . The esophagus is a flexible tube that goes from the mouth to the stomach. The stomach is connected to the intestine via the pyloric sphincter . The spleen is located after the stomach and before the spiral value. The spleen is connected to the circulatory system, not part of the digestive tract . The liver is composed of three lobes: one small lobe (includes the gall bladder) and two large lobes. Perch have long and narrow kidneys that contain clusters of nephrons which empty into the mesonephric duct. They have a two chambered heart consisting of four compartments: the sinus venous, one atrium, one ventricle, and conus . Perch fish have a swim bladder that helps control buoyancy or floating within the water, the swim bladder is only found in bony fish . Perch fish reproductive organs include either a pair of testes (sperm producing) or a pair of ovaries (egg producing)