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Joanna of Bourbon

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Joanna of Bourbon
Joanna in the Parement de Narbonne, c. 1375
Queen consort of France
Tenure8 April 1364 – 6 February 1378
Coronation1 June 1364
Born3 February 1338
Vincennes, France
Died6 February 1378(1378-02-06) (aged 40)
Paris, France
Burial
Basilique Saint-Denis
Spouse
​
(m. 1350)​
Issue
HouseBourbon
FatherPeter I, Duke of Bourbon
MotherIsabella of Valois
ReligionRoman Catholicism

Joanna of Bourbon (Jeanne de Bourbon; 3 February 1338 – 6 February 1378) was Queen of France by marriage to King Charles V. She acted as his political adviser and was appointed potential regent in case of a minor regency.

Life

Early life

Born in the Château de Vincennes, Joanna was a daughter of Peter I, Duke of Bourbon, and Isabella of Valois,[1] a half-sister of Philip VI of France.

From October 1340 through at least 1343, negotiations and treaties were made for Joanna to marry Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy.[2] The goal was to bring Savoy more closely into French influence.[2] Following this she was betrothed to Humbert, Dauphin of Viennois, which also fell through.[3]

Queen

On 8 April 1350, Joanna married her cousin, the future Charles V of France, at Tain-l'Hermitage.[1] Since they were second cousins, their marriage required a papal dispensation.[1] Born thirteen days apart, they both were 12 years old. When Charles ascended the throne in 1364, Joanna became queen of France.

Queen Joanna was described as mentally fragile, and after the birth of her son Louis in 1373, she suffered a complete mental breakdown.[4] This deeply worried Charles V, who made a pilgrimage and offered many prayers for her recovery.[4] When she did recover and regained her normal state of mind in 1373, Charles V appointed her legal guardian and regent of France should he die when his son and heir was still a minor.[4]

Death and burial

Joanna died at the royal residence Hôtel Saint-Pol in Paris, on 6 February 1378 three days after her 40th birthday, and two days after the birth of her youngest child, Catherine.[1] Froissart[5] recorded that Joanna took a bath against her physicians' advice. Soon after, she went into labour and died two days after giving birth. The king was devastated. Her heart was buried in the Cordeliers Convent and her entrails in the Couvent des Célestins. The Couvent des Célestins in Paris was the most important royal necropolis after the Basilica of St Denis. The rest of her remains were then placed at Saint-Denis.

Issue

Joanna and Charles had eight children.[1] Two of them reached adulthood:

Ancestry

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Hand 2013, p. 16.
  2. ^ a b Cox 1967, p. 57.
  3. ^ Hand 2013, p. 46.
  4. ^ a b c Tuchman 2011, p. 297.
  5. ^ J. A. Buchon, Collection des Chroniques nationales françaises écrites en langue vulgaire du treizième au seizième siècle, Chroniques de Froissart, Tome VII, Verdière, Libraire, Paris, 1824, p. 61
  6. ^ Keane 2016, p. 17.

Sources

  • Cox, Eugene L. (1967). The Green Count of Savoy. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 57. LCCN 67-11030.
  • Hand, Joni M. (2013). Women, Manuscripts and Identity in Northern Europe, 1350-1550. Ashgate Publishing.
  • Keane, Marguerite (2016). Material Culture and Queenship in 14th-century France: The Testament of Blanche of Navarre (1331–1398). Brill.
  • Tuchman, Barbara W. (2011). A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century. Random House Publishing Group.

Media related to Joanna of Bourbon at Wikimedia Commons

French royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Joanna I of Auvergne 		Queen consort of France
1364–1378 		Vacant
Title next held by
Isabeau of Bavaria
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