Zayd ibn al-Khattab
Zayd ibn al-Khattab | |
|---|---|
 Zayd ibn al-Khattab's name in Arabic calligraphy | |
| Native name | |
| Born | Mecca, Hejaz |
| Died | c. December 632 Uyayna, Yamama |
| Allegiance | Rashidun Caliphate |
| Service | Rashidun army Rashidun cavalry |
| Years of service | 624–634 |
| Commands |
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| Battles / wars |
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| Spouse(s) | Atiqa bint Zayd ibn Amr al-Adawi Habiba bint Abi Amir al-Amri Lubaba bint Abi Lubaba al-Amri |
| Children | Abd al-Rahman Asma |
Zayd ibn al-Khattab (Template:Lang-ar; died 632) was an Arab Rashidun military general in the service of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the first Rashidun caliph Abu Bakr (r. 632–634).
Origins and early life
Zayd was born in Mecca. His father al-Khattab ibn Nufayl was an arbitrator of the Banu Adi clan of the Quraysh. Zayd mother Asma bint Wahb belonged to the Banu Asad tribe.[1] Zayd's paternal younger half-brother was caliph Umar (r. 634–644) and also had a paternal half-sister named Fatima.[2][1] He is described as "a very tall dark man".[1][1]
Zayd reportedly converted to Islam earlier than Umar, who became a Muslim in 616.[2] In 622, Zayd migrated to Medina and was amongst the Muhajirun (lit. 'Emigrants'). He was made the 'brother-in-faith' of Ma'n ibn Adi, who belonged to the Ansar (lit. 'Helpers').[1]
Military career
He fought at the Battle of Badr, the Battle of Uhud, the Battle of the Ditch and "all the battles with Allah's Messenger".[1] At Uhud Umar urged Zayd to borrow his armour. Zayd put it on but then he took it off again, saying, "I want what you want for yourself."[3]
After Abu Bakr quashed the threat to Medina at the Battle of Zhuqissa, he assigned Zayd to lead the campaign to Najd.[4] However, Zayd refused and Khalid ibn al-Walid was chosen instead by the caliph.
At the Battle of Yamama on December 632, Zayd carried the Muslims' standard.[1][5] When Muslim baggage was exposed to plunder by the enemy, Zayd said, "As for the baggage, there is no baggage! As for the men, there are no men!" Then he shouted, "O Allah, I apologise for the flight of my companions! I am not guilty before Thee of what Musaylimah and Muhakkam have done!"[6] Zayd continued to hold the standard while fighting with his sword and he did not drop it until he was killed.[6][5] His killer was Abu Maryam al-Hanafi, who claimed: "Allah honoured him at my hand and did not weaken me at his hand."[6] He was martyred seconds after his second cousins, Abdullah ibn Suhail and Abu Hudhayfa ibn 'Utba, and adopted distant relative (possibly nephew), Salim Mawla Abu Hudhayfa.[citation needed]
Assessment, legacy and family
Since the Ayyubid period, Uyayna obtained fame as home of the tomb and mosque of Zayd. A monument was built over Zayd's grave, which later became a popular site of veneration in the city.
Family and descendants
Zayd's eldest son was named Abd al-Rahman, hence his kunya ('paedonymic') Abu Abd al-Rahman ('father of Abd al-Rahman'). The latter was born to Lubaba, a daughter of the Awsite chieftain Bashir ibn Abd al-Mundhir.[1][7]: 236 Zayd's marriage to his cousin Atiqa bint Zayd was childless and ended in divorce.[8] Another of Zayd's wives was Habiba bint Abi Amir, who bore a daughter named Asma.[1][7]: 235 Habiba's niece Jamila was briefly married to Zayd's brother Umar.[7]: 236
The prominent 10th-century theologian Abu Sulayman al-Khattabi (c. 931–998) is said to have been descended from Zayd, but these genealogical claims are disputed.[9]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 294. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ a b Landau-Tasseron 1998, p. 117.
- ^ Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 296. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ Kister 2002, p. 44.
- ^ a b Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Tarikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Volume 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, p. 117.
- ^ a b c Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir. Translated by Bewley, A. (2013). The Companions of Badr, p. 295. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ a b c Muhammad ibn Saad. Kitab al-Tabaqat al-Kabir. Translated by Bewley, A. (1995). The Women of Madina. London: Ta-Ha Publishers.
- ^ Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani. Al-Isaba fi tamyiz al-Sahaba vol. 8 #11448.
- ^ Ed 2012.
Bibliography
- Ed (2012). "al-K̲h̲aṭṭābī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. E. J. Brill. ISBN 9789004161214.
- Kister, M. J. (2002). "The Struggle against Musaylima and the Conquest of Yamama". Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam. 27: 1–56.
- Landau-Tasseron, Ella, ed. (1998). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXIX: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and their Successors: al-Ṭabarī's Supplement to his History. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-2819-1.