User:Maansak/Acupuncture
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Acupuncture
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Acupuncture is most often used to attempt pain relief, though acupuncturists say that it can also be used for a wide range of other conditions, such as substance abuse and mental health [1][2].
Article body
Specific conditions
Pain and nausea associated with cancer and cancer treatment
A 2015 Cochrane review found that there is insufficient evidence to determine whether acupuncture is an effective treatment for cancer pain in adults. A 2014 systematic review published in the Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine found that acupuncture may be effective as an adjunctive treatment to palliative care for cancer patients. A 2013 overview of reviews published in the Journal of Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer found evidence that acupuncture could be beneficial for people with cancer-related symptoms, but also identified few rigorous trials and high heterogeneity between trials. A 2012 systematic review of randomized clinical trials published in the same journal found that the number and quality of RCTs for using acupuncture in the treatment of cancer pain was too low to draw definite conclusions.
A 2014 systematic review reached inconclusive results with regard to the effectiveness of acupuncture for treating cancer-related fatigue. A 2013 systematic review found that acupuncture is an acceptable adjunctive treatment for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, but that further research with a low risk of bias is needed. A 2013 systematic review found that the quantity and quality of available RCTs for analysis were too low to draw valid conclusions for the effectiveness of acupuncture for cancer-related fatigue.
A peer reviewed article published by the National Institute of Health in 2022 examined the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicines for dealing with pain associated with cancer treatment like meditation, yoga, acupuncture, and herbal acupuncture. The results of the study show that all users benefited from these methods as it improved their emotional wellbeing and relieved pain. It is also noted that more than 70% of patients[3] wish their doctors brought up these other methods of medicine as an option to manage symptoms. This shows that acupuncture can help alleviate pain symptoms for cancer patients.
Substance abuse
Acupuncture has been shown to help in certain substance abuse situations. In the Journal of Chinese Medical Association, an experiment was done on a group of homeless individuals that smoked. They did acupuncture on them, targeting supposed spots that are connected to addiction and smoking and not. Both groups had a significant drop in smoking but there was no significant difference between these two groups. The conclusion was that acupuncture does help with substance abuse but non-specific acupuncture or specific acupuncture results in about the same decrease of smoking. [4] However, another study on acupuncture's effect on alcoholism was published by Oxford Academic Journal. In the study, they focused on seventy two individuals with alcoholism and treated them using ear acupuncture. What makes this study unique to others is that they explored the differences in addiction in males and females to see if there was a correlation. They found that only females felt a reduction of anxiety, but both groups did not show a significant change and lessen in their addiction to alcohol with acupuncture[5]. This shows that the evidence for acupuncture's effects on alcoholism is not well established yet.
However, what has been established is that patients that deal with narcotic addictions are seen to benefit from acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture has been substituted for those drugs in pain and anxiety management, and can be used in conjunction with conventional medications to reduce drug dosing, so that patients will have fewer side-effects and minimized potential for drug addiction [6] A 2016 study from PubMed established with morphine dependent rats that the acupuncture helps alleviate addiction to opioids. [7]
Modern era
In 1971, New York Times reporter James Reston published an article on his acupuncture experiences in China, which led to more investigation of and support for acupuncture. The US President Richard Nixon visited China in 1972. During one part of the visit, the delegation was shown a patient undergoing major surgery while fully awake, ostensibly receiving acupuncture rather than anesthesia. Later it was found that the patients selected for the surgery had both a high pain tolerance and received heavy indoctrination before the operation; these demonstration cases were also frequently receiving morphine surreptitiously through an intravenous drip that observers were told contained only fluids and nutrients. One patient receiving open heart surgery while awake was ultimately found to have received a combination of three powerful sedatives as well as large injections of a local anesthetic into the wound. After the National Institute of Health expressed support for acupuncture for a limited number of conditions, adoption in the US grew further. In 1972 the first legal acupuncture center in the US was established in Washington DC and in 1973 the American Internal Revenue Service allowed acupuncture to be deducted as a medical expense.
In 2006, a BBC documentary Alternative Medicine filmed a patient undergoing open heart surgery allegedly under acupuncture-induced anesthesia. It was later revealed that the patient had been given a cocktail of anesthetics.
In 2010, UNESCO inscribed "acupuncture and moxibustion of traditional Chinese medicine" on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List following China's nomination.
[add about how it was brought to the oakland/west coast by Dr. Tolbert Small]
[add line or 2 about how its being covered in 2016/2020 by Medicare/medical for specifically chronic pain]
References
(1) Wu, Ta-Peng, et al. “A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Auricular Acupuncture in Smoking Cessation.” Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, Elsevier, 9 Sept. 2008, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1726490108700145.
(2) Allen, John. “The Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Major Depression in Women.” Sage Journals, Association for Psychological Science, 1998, https://journals.sagepub.
com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9280.00074?related-urls=yes&legid=spss%3B9%2F5%2F&
atientinform-links=yesl9%2F5%2F397.
- ^ Wu, Ta-Peng; Chen, Fang-Pey; Liu, Jui-Yao; Lin, Ming-Hsien; Hwang, Shinn-Jang (2007-08-01). "A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Auricular Acupuncture in Smoking Cessation". Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 70 (8): 331–338. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(08)70014-5. ISSN 1726-4901.
- ^ Allen, John J.B.; Schnyer, Rosa N.; Hitt, Sabrina K. (1998-09). "The Efficacy of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Major Depression in Women". Psychological Science. 9 (5): 397–401. doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00074. ISSN 0956-7976.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Bari, Shahla; Chineke, Iloabueke; Darwin, Alicia; Umar, Anam; Jim, Heather; Muzaffar, Jameel; Singh, Shailesh; Kucuk, Omer (2021-01). "Awareness, Use and Outlook of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Options in an Underserved, Uninsured Minority Cancer Patient Population". Integrative Cancer Therapies. 20: 15347354211051622. doi:10.1177/15347354211051622. ISSN 1552-695X. PMC 8724982. PMID 34923869.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Wu, Ta-Peng; Chen, Fang-Pey; Liu, Jui-Yao; Lin, Ming-Hsien; Hwang, Shinn-Jang (2007-08-01). "A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Auricular Acupuncture in Smoking Cessation". Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 70 (8): 331–338. doi:10.1016/S1726-4901(08)70014-5. ISSN 1726-4901.
- ^ "Validate User". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
- ^ Lu, Dominic (2013). "An Historical Review and Perspective on the Impact of Acupuncture on U.S. Medicine and Society". National Health Institute.
- ^ Stuyt, Elizabeth B; Voyles, Claudia A (2016-12-07). "The National Acupuncture Detoxification Association protocol, auricular acupuncture to support patients with substance abuse and behavioral health disorders: current perspectives". Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation. 7: 169–180. doi:10.2147/SAR.S99161. ISSN 1179-8467. PMC 5153313. PMID 27994492.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)