HMS Onslaught (1915)
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| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Onslaught |
| Ordered | November 1914 |
| Builder | Fairfield, Govan |
| Launched | 4 December 1915 |
| Completed | 3 March 1916 |
| Out of service | 30 October 1921 |
| Fate | Sold to be broken up |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Admiralty M-class destroyer |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 265 ft (80.77 m) p.p. |
| Beam | 26 ft 9 in (8.15 m) |
| Draught | 16 ft 3 in (4.95 m) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 34 knots (63.0 km/h; 39.1 mph) |
| Range | 3,450 nmi (6,390 km; 3,970 mi) at 15 kn (28 km/h; 17 mph) |
| Complement | 76 |
| Armament |
|
HMS Onslaught was a Admiralty M-class destroyer which served with the Royal Navy during the First World War. The destroyer sank the only battleship to be lost in the Battle of Jutland. The M class were an improvement on the previous L-class, capable of higher speed. The vessel, launched on 4 December 1915, joined the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla under the flotilla leader Faulknor. The ship saw action during the Battle of Jutland in May 1916, jointly sinking the German torpedo boat SMS V48 and launching the torpedo that sank the pre-dreadnought battleship Pommern. Subsequently, the destroyer acted as an escort to other naval ships and took part in anti-submarine operations. At the end of the war, Onslaught was withdrawn from service and, on 30 October 1921, sold to be broken up.
Design and development
Onslaught was one of twenty-two Admiralty M-class destroyer destroyers ordered by the British Admiralty in November 1914 as part of the Third War Construction Programme.[1] The M-class was an improved version of the earlier L-class destroyers, required to reach a higher speed in order to counter rumoured German fast destroyers. The remit was to have a maximum speed of 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph), and although the eventual design did not achieve this, the greater performance was appreciated by the navy. It transpired that the German ships did not exist.[2]
The destroyer was 265 feet (80.77 m) long between perpendiculars, with a beam of 26 feet 9 inches (8.15 m) and a draught of 16 feet 3 inches (4.95 m). Displacement was 950 long tons (970 t) normal and 1,021 long tons (1,037 t) deep load. Power was provided by three Yarrow boilers feeding two Brown-Curtis steam turbines rated at 25,000 shaft horsepower (19,000 kW) and driving two shafts, to give a design speed of 34 knots (63 km/h; 39 mph)..[3] Three funnels were fitted and 296 long tons (301 t) of oil was carried, giving a design range of 3,450 nautical miles (6,390 km; 3,970 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph).[4]
Armament consisted of three single 4-inch (102 mm) Mk IV QF guns on the ship's centreline, with one on the forecastle, one aft on a raised platform and one between the middle and aft funnels. A single 2-pounder (40 mm) pom-pom anti-aircraft gun was carried, while torpedo armament consisted of two twin mounts for 21 in (533 mm) torpedoes.[5] The ship had a complement of 76 officers and ratings.[4]
Construction and career
Onslaught was launched by Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at their shipyard in Govan on the River Clyde on 4 December 1915 and completed on 3 March the following year.[3] This was the first time the name had been used in the Royal Navy.[6] The vessel was deployed as part of the Grand Fleet, joining the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla under the flotilla leader Faulknor.[7] On 22 April, the destroyer operated with the light cruisers of the Grand Fleet off the Skegerrak.[8]
On 30 May 1916, the destroyer sailed with the Grand Fleet to confront the German High Seas Fleet in what would be the Battle of Jutland.[9] The destroyer formed part of the First Division of the Flotilla, led by Faulknor and also including sister ships Marvel, Mindful and Obedient.[10] The destroyer was deployed in action against the German light cruisers.[11] Shortly afterwards, the division saw the approaching line of the German Third Torpedo Boat Flotilla and attacked. The destroyer, along with the rest of the flotilla, sank the torpedo boat V48, previously disabled by Shark.[12] As the battle closed, the flotilla spotted the retreating German line. The First Division was ordered to attack and use their superior speed to speed ahead of the German ships.[13] The destroyer attacked the German fleet, unleashing four torpedoes, at least one of which struck the pre-dreadnought battleship Pommern.[14] The torpedoes caused the 17 cm (6.7 in) magazines to detonate, sinking the ship with all hands. This was the only battleship sunk during the battle.[15] During the attack, a German shell had struck the destroyer's bridge, killing five crew.[16]
On 18 August, while escorting the light cruiser Royalist, the destroyer was attacked by the German submarine UB-27, but the torpedo missed.[17] In 1917, the Twelfth Destroyer Flotilla was involved in anti-submarine operations, and for nine days from 15 June the destroyer was stationed off the north of Scotland.[18][19] The operation did not lead to the destruction of any submarines and the Admiralty increasingly redeployed the destroyers of the Grand Fleet to escorting convoys.[20] During 1918, Onslaught was transferred to the Third Destroyer Flotilla.[21]
After the Armistice, the Royal Navy returned to a peacetime level of mobilisation and both the number of ships and the amount of staff needed to be reduced to save money.[22] Onslaught was placed in reserve and reduced on 17 October 1919.[23][24] However, the harsh conditions of wartime service, exacerbated by the fact that the hull was not galvanised and operations often required high speed in high seas, meant that the destroyer was worn out and ready for retirement.[25] On 30 October 1921, the vessel was sold to W. & A.T. Burden and broken up.[26]
Pennant numbers
| Pennant Number | Date |
|---|---|
| G22 | September 1915[27] |
| G40 | January 1918[28] |
| G8A | June 1918[29] |
| G32 | January 1919[30] |
References
Citations
- ^ McBride 1991, p. 34.
- ^ Friedman 2009, p. 132.
- ^ a b Parkes & Prendergast 1969, p. 109.
- ^ a b Friedman 2009, p. 296.
- ^ Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 79.
- ^ Manning & Walker 1959, p. 323.
- ^ Brooks 2016, pp. 155.
- ^ Brooks 2016, p. 337.
- ^ Brooks 2016, p. 421.
- ^ Jutland: Official Despatches 1920, pp. 331–332.
- ^ Corbett 1920, p. 408.
- ^ Campbell 1998, p. 311.
- ^ Staff 2010, p. 13.
- ^ Corbett 1920, pp. 409, 488.
- ^ Newbolt 1931, p. 55.
- ^ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet", Supplement to The Monthly Navy List, p. 12, July 1917, retrieved 17 May 2022 – via National Library of Scotland
- ^ Newbolt 1928, p. 383.
- ^ "Destroyer Flotillas of the Grand Fleet", Supplement to The Monthly Navy List, p. 12, January 1921, retrieved 17 May 2022 – via National Library of Scotland
- ^ Moretz 2002, p. 79.
- ^ "IV. Vessels in Reserve at Home Ports and Other Bases", Supplement to The Monthly Navy List, p. 16, May 1919, retrieved 17 May 2022 – via National Library of Scotland
- ^ "631 Onslaught", The Monthly Navy List, p. 817, January 1921, retrieved 17 May 2022 – via National Library of Scotland
- ^ Gardiner & Gray 1985, p. 80.
- ^ Colledge & Warlow 2006, p. 250.
- ^ Dittmar & Colledge 1972, p. 65.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 64.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 68.
- ^ Bush & Warlow 2021, p. 63.
Bibliography
- Battle of Jutland, 30 May to 1 June 1916: Official Despatches with Appendices. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1920.
- Brooks, John (2016). The Battle of Jutland. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-15014-0.
- Bush, Steve; Warlow, Ben (2021). Pendant Numbers of the Royal Navy: A Complete History of the Allocation of Pendant Numbers to Royal Navy Warships & Auxiliaries. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-526793-78-2.
- Campbell, John (1998). Jutland: An Analysis of the Fighting. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-750-4.
- Colledge, J.J.; Warlow, Ben (2006). Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of All Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy. London: Chatham Press. ISBN 978-1-93514-907-1.
- Corbett, Julian S. (1920). Naval Operations: Volume III. History of the Great War. London: Longmans, Green and Co. OCLC 1049894619.
- Dittmar, F.J.; Colledge, J.J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 978-0-71100-380-4.
- Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the First World War. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
- Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-245-5.
- Manning, Thomas Davys; Walker, Charles Frederick (1959). British Warship Names. London: Putnam. OCLC 780274698.
- McBride, Keith (1991). "British 'M' Class Destroyers of 1913–14". In Gardiner, Robert (ed.). Warship 1991. London: Conway Maritime Press. pp. 34–49. ISBN 978-0-85177-582-1.
- Monograph No. 32: Lowestoft Raid: 24th – 25th April, 1916 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XVI. The Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1927.
- Monograph No. 33: Home Waters Part VII: June 1916 to November 1916 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XVII. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1927.
- Moretz, Joseph (2002). The Royal Navy and the Capital Ship in the Interwar Period. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-71465-196-5.
- Newbolt, Henry (1928). Naval Operations: Volume IV. History of the Great War. London: Longmans, Green and Co. OCLC 1049894132.
- Newbolt, Henry (1931). Naval Operations: Volume V. History of the Great War. London: Longmans, Green and Co. OCLC 220475309.
- Parkes, Oscar; Prendergast, Maurice (1969). Jane's Fighting Ships 1919. Newton Abbott: David & Charles. OCLC 907574860.
- Staff, Gary (2010). German Battleships: 1914–1918. Vol. 1: Deutschland, Nassau and Helgoland Classes. Oxford: Osprey Books. ISBN 978-1-84603-467-1.
