Chahamanas of Jalor
Chahamanas of Jalor | |
|---|---|
| c. 1160–1311 | |
 Find spots of inscriptions issued during the reigns of Chahamana rulers of Jalor[1] | |
| Capital | Jalor |
| Government | monarchy |
| History | |
• Established | c. 1160 |
• Disestablished | 1311 |
| Today part of | India |
The Chahamanas of Jalor, also known as the Chauhans of Jalor in vernacular legends, were an Indian dynasty that ruled the area around Jalore in present-day Rajasthan between 1160 and 1311. They belonged to the Chahamana (Chauhan) clan of the Gurjars[2][3]
They branched off from the Chahamanas of Naddula, and then ruled as feudatories of the Chaulukyas of Gujarat. For a brief period, they became independent, but ultimately succumbed to the Delhi Sultanate at the Siege of Jalore.
History
The Chahamanas of Jalor descended from Alhana, a Chahamana king of the Naddula branch. Originally, the Jalore Fort was controlled by a branch of the Paramaras until early 12th century. The Chahamanas of Naddula seized its control during Alhana's reign. Kirtipala, a son of Alhana, received a feudal grant of 12 villages from his father and his brother (the crown-prince) Kelhana. He controlled his domains from Suvarnagiri or Sonagiri, the hill on which Jalore Fort is located. Because of this, the branch to which he belonged came to be known as Sonagara.[4]
Kirtipala carved out an independent kingdom for himself before his death. He was a Hindu, but also patronized Jains.[5] The family of his son and successor Samarasimha built several temples and other buildings.[6] His son Udayasimha succeeded him, while another of his sons, Manavasimha was the ancestor of the Chauhan branch of Chandravati and Mount Abu.[7] The ruling family of the Sirohi State descended from Manavasimha.[8]
The Jalor dynasty reached its zenith under Udayasimha. He captured Naddula (Nadol), probably from the Delhi Sultan Aram Shah, who had earlier defeated the Chahamanas of Naddula. He also captured Mandavyapura (Mandor), but the Delhi Sultanate conquered it in 1226, under Iltumish. In addition, he conquered Vagbhatameru (Barmer), which was probably a principality ruled by a Paramara branch.[9] He also conquered several other territories that were previously controlled by the Chaulukyas of Gujarat (Solankis). The Chaulukyas were fighting the Yadavas of Devagiri on their southern frontier. Taking advantage of this, Udayasimha formed a confederacy with the Guhilas of Mewar, the Paramaras of Chandravati and other rulers of Marwar. The confederacy attacked the Chaulukyas from north, following which the Chaulukya general Lavana-prasada was forced to sign a treaty with them.[10] Udayasimha also formed a confederacy against Iltumish, forcing the Delhi Sultan to retreat from Marwar.[11]
Udayasimha's son Chachigadeva retained the territories he inherited. Chachiga's son Samantasimha faced attack from the Delhi Sultanate, but was saved by his neighbour, the Vaghela king Saranagadeva.[11] Kanhadadeva, practically the last king of the dynasty, was defeated and killed by the forces of Alauddin Khalji.[12] According to the Kanhadade Prabandha, during this siege, Kanhadadeva's son Viramadeva was formally crowned King, but he died 2½ days later.[12][13]
Rulers
The Chahamana rulers of the Jalor branch, with their estimated periods of reign, are as follows:[14]
- Kirti-pala (c. 1160-1182 CE)
- Samara-simha (c. 1182-1204 CE)
- Udaya-simha (c. 1204-1257 CE)
- Chachiga-deva (c. 1257-1282 CE)
- Samanta-simha (c. 1282-1305 CE)
- Kanhada-deva (c. 1292-1311 CE)
- Virama-deva (1311 CE); crowned during the Siege of Jalore, but died 2½ days later.[12][13]
References
- ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, pp. 25–35.
- ^ Sharma, Dasharatha (2002). Early Chauhan Dynasties: A Study of Chauhan Political History, Chauhan Political Institutions and Life in the Chauhan Dominions from 800 to 1316 A. D. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers (Pvt. Limited). pp. 180–195. ISBN 978-81-208-0492-0.
- ^ Romila Thapar (2000). Cultural Pasts: Essays in Early Indian History. Oxford University Press. p. 792. ISBN 978-0-19-564050-2.
This is curious statement for the Chahmanas who were known to be one of the eminent Rajput family of early medieval period
- ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, pp. 1–2.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 145.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 146.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 147.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 154.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 148.
- ^ Dasharatha Sharma 1959, pp. 149–150.
- ^ a b Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 152.
- ^ a b c Dasharatha Sharma 1959, p. 169.
- ^ a b Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. 53.
- ^ Ashok Kumar Srivastava 1979, p. xvi.
Bibliography
- Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN 9780842606189. OCLC 3624414.
- Ashok Kumar Srivastava (1979). The Chahamanas of Jalor. Sahitya Sansar Prakashan. OCLC 12737199.