Black-eared miner
| Black-eared miner | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Meliphagidae |
| Genus: | Manorina |
| Species: | M. melanotis
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| Binomial name | |
| Manorina melanotis (Wilson, 1911)
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| Distribution of the black-eared miner | |
The black-eared miner (Manorina melanotis) is an endangered honeyeater endemic to mallee woodland in south-eastern Australia.
Taxonomy
It is closely related to the much more widely distributed yellow-throated miner M. flavigula, and the taxonomic status of the black-eared miner is the subject of some controversy, with some researchers considering it a subspecies of M. flavigula.[citation needed]
Behaviour
Black-eared miners are co-operative breeders, living in colonies during the breeding season, and dispersing into the bush during non-breeding periods. Little is known of their movements during these periods.[citation needed]
In 2022, it was reported that the species had been interbreeding with the yellow-throated miner.[2]
Distribution and habitat
IBA (Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas), identified by BirdLife International as being important for black-eared miner conservation, are areas containing relatively intact, mallee woodland in north-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. They comprise Murray-Sunset, Hattah and Annuello, the Riverland Mallee, and Wyperfeld, Big Desert and Ngarkat.[3]
Conservation status
Black-eared miners' survival became threatened by habitat clearance to make way for agriculture, and the bird experienced competition from goats, rabbits, kangaroos, and other herbivores, which then had access to water which they had not previously had.[2] The species was assessed as "probably Australia's rarest and most endangered bird" in 2016 by ornithologist John McLaughlin.[4] As of 2022[update] there remain around 200 colonies, with up to 20 birds within each colony. Interbreeding with the yellow-throated miner has affected the genetic integrity of the black-eared miner, which adds to the risk to their population.[2]
The species is listed as endangered on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999,[5] and its conservation status in several Australian states is as follows:
- New South Wales: Listed as "Critically Endangered" by the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995, as of May 2015.[5]
- South Australia: Listed as "Endangered" by the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972, as of June 2011.[5]
- Victoria: Listed as "Threatened" by the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988), as of April 2015, and as "endangered" on the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna.[6][7] Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has been prepared.[8]
Conservation measures
In July 2022 it was announced that AUD$125,000 has been dedicated to protect the black-eared miner. The Australian Government has provided the funding to the Murraylands and Riverland Landscape Board (MRLB) and their partners for the project.[9] As part of the project, researchers will do genetic testing of birds in the 200 populations.[2]
See also
References
- ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Manorina melanotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22704441A93968828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22704441A93968828.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d Landau, Sophie (9 July 2022). "Endangered black-eared miner to be scrutinised by researchers to learn extent of cross-species breeding". ABC News. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ "Black-eared Miner". Important Bird Areas. BirdLife International. 2012. Archived from the original on 10 July 2007. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
- ^ McLaughlin, John (26 May 2016). "The Identification of the Endangered Black-eared Miner Manorina melanotis". Australian Field Ornithology. 15 (3). Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ a b c "Manorina melanotis — Black-eared Miner". Species Profile and Threats Database. Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Australian Government. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
- ^ Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (2007). Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 2007. East Melbourne, Victoria: Department of Sustainability and Environment. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-74208-039-0.
- ^ Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived 18 July 2005 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived 11 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Lowe, Sam (8 July 2022). "New conservation project to protect endangered species". The Murray Valley Standard. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
External links
- BirdLife Species Factsheet
- Photos and audio of black-eared miner from Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library
- Recordings of black-eared miner from Graeme Chapman's sound library
- Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water Species Profile and Threats Database: Manorina melanotis — Black-eared Miner (Commonwealth Documents)