Identifying marks on euro coins
Before the introduction of the euro, the current eurozone members issued their own individual national coinage, most of which featured mint marks, privy marks and/or mint master marks. These marks have been continued as a part of the national designs of the euro coins, as well. This article serves to list the information about the various types of identifying marks on euro coins, including engraver and designer initials and the unique edge inscriptions found on the €2 coins.
Date stamps on euro coins
Since the euro was officially introduced in 1999, most of the EMU member countries began producing their coins ahead of the 2002 introduction date. There is individual national legislation in place which governs the mintage of coins issued from each country. These coinage acts regulate the coin production parameters for each country.
Mintage date
The coinage acts of countries with a mintage date stipulation specify that the year the coin is minted, regardless of when the coins are issued, should appear on each coin. Belgium, Finland, France, the Netherlands and Spain have mintage date stipulations.
Issue date
The coinage acts of countries with an issue date stipulation specify that the year the coin is issued, regardless of when the coins are minted, should appear on each coin. Austria, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, San Marino and the Vatican City have issue date stipulations.
Conclusion
Since the euro was first issued in 2002, the countries which have an issue date stipulation are all dated 2002 onward, even though these coins were minted in previous years to prepare for the adoption of the euro. As a result, there are no euro coins dated 1999, 2000 and 2001 issued from countries with an issue date stipulation. Luxembourg has no domestic mint, so their coins are minted elsewhere. Regardless of the mintage location of these coins, the issue date stipulation in their coinage act must be followed by whichever country mints their coins and the date stamp is therefore applied accordingly. Since Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City do not have their own coinage acts, the date stamp is applied in accordance with the coinage act of whichever country mints these coins. France produces the euro coins for Monaco and follows the mintage date stipulation; it began minting Monégasque euro coins only in 2001, since the mintage quantities were so low. Sammarinese and Vatican euro coins are minted in Italy and follow the issue date stipulation.
National identifying marks of euro coins
As per a recommendation defined by the Economic and Financial Affairs Council of the European Union,[1] the national designs of each member's euro coin should contain a national identification in the form of spelling or abbreviation of the country's name. Of the fifteen members of the Eurozone at the time these recommendations were made, five national designs—those of Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany and Greece—did not meet the criteria outlined. Of these five, two (Finland in 2007 and Belgium in 2008) have changed or amended their design to follow these recommendations, and the other three are expected to follow suit in the coming years.
| Country | Type | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andorra | Text | ANDORRA | |
| Austria | Text | REPUBLIK ÖSTERREICH | |
| Symbol | Flag of Austria | 
| |
| Belgium | Text | BELGIE-BELGIQUE-BELGIEN | |
| Symbol | Monogram of King Albert II | 
| |
| Symbol | Monogram of King Philippe | ||
| Abbreviation | B (€2 commemorative coin 2006) | ||
| Abbreviation | BE (België/Belgique/Belgien in Dutch, French and German)[2] | ||
| Cyprus | Text | ΚΥΠΡΟΣ/KIBRIS (in both Greek and Turkish) | |
| Estonia | Text | EESTI (Estonia) | |
| Finland | Abbreviation | FI (Finland)[3] | |
| France | Text | RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE (French Republic in French) | |
| Abbreviation | stylised RF (République française) | ||
| Germany | Text | BUNDESREPUBLIK DEUTSCHLAND (Federal Republic of Germany in German) | |
| Abbreviation | D | ||
| Symbol | Eagle | ||
| Greece | Text | ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ (Hellenic Republic in Greek) | |
| Ireland | Text / Symbol | éire (in Gaelic type) | Harp |
| Italy | Text | REPUBBLICA ITALIANA (Italian Republic in Italian) | |
| Abbreviation | stylised RI (Repubblica Italiana) | ||
| Latvia | Text | LATVIJA | |
| Symbol | LV (€2 commemorative coin 2014-2015) | ||
| Lithuania | Text | LIETUVA | |
| Luxembourg | Text | LËTZEBUERG (Luxembourg in Luxembourgish) | |
| Text | LUXEMBOURG | ||
| Symbol | monogram of Grand Duke Henri (€2 commemorative coin 2005) | ||
| Symbol | lion (€2 commemorative coin 2018 and onwards) | ||
| Malta | Text | MALTA | |
| Monaco | Text | MONACO | |
| Netherlands | Text | WILLEM-ALEXANDER KONING DER NEDERLANDEN (Willem Alexander, King of the Netherlands) | |
| Text | BEATRIX KONINGIN DER NEDERLANDEN (Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands) | ||
| Text | NEDERLAND (€2 commemorative coin 2009, 2012, 2015) | ||
| Text | KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN (€2 commemorative coin 2007) | ||
| Portugal | Text | PORTUGAL | |
| San Marino | Text | SAN MARINO | |
| Slovakia | Text | SLOVENSKO | |
| Slovenia | Text | SLOVENIJA | |
| Spain | Text | ESPAÑA |  |
| Vatican City | Text | CITTÀ DEL VATICANO (Vatican City) |
Mint marks
The use of mint marks on euro coins takes one of these three forms:
- a single letter representing a city or country
- the abbreviation of the country's mint
- the symbol of the country's mint
| Country | Mint location | Mint mark | Mint mark description | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | Brussels | 
|
Head of archangel St. Michael, patron saint of Brussels. | Prior to 2008, Belgian marks had only been used on commemorative issues. Since 2008, the marks are used on both standard issue and commemorative issue coins. |
| Finland | Vantaa |  [3]
|
Logo of the Rahapaja Oy mint | The Cornucopian logo was used until 2010. Since 2011, the logo is a heraldic lion. |
| France | Pessac | 
|
Cornucopia, Different of the Monnaie de Paris[4] | |
| Germany | German Euro coins are minted at 5 locations in Germany | A, D, F, G, J | Letters | A for Berlin, D for Munich, F for Stuttgart, G for Karlsruhe, J for Hamburg,
while B, C, E and H used to be mint locations that had been closed prior to the introduction of the euro. |
| Greece (2002) | Madrid, Spain Pessac, France Vantaa, Finland Athens |
E (20c), F (1c, 2c, 5c, 10c and 50c), S[5] (€1 and €2) |
Letters | E for Spain (España), F for France, S for Finland (Suomi). The initial supply of Greek euro coins were produced at three locations, in addition to the Athens mint, due to their late entry into the European Monetary Union (EMU) just before the introduction date on 1 January 2002; only certain denominations of Greek coins with the date stamp of "2002" have these mint marks. Greek euro coins dated 2002 without these mint marks were produced in Athens, Greece. All Greek euro coins bear the standard Greek mint mark symbol of the Athens mint. |
| Greece (2002–present) | Athens | 
|
Stylised acanthus leaf | |
| Italy | Rome | R | Letter | |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | 
|
Lietuvos monetų kalykla (Lithuanian Mint House, LMK) logo | |
| Luxembourg (2002–2004) | Utrecht, Netherlands | 
|
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Luxembourg (2005–2006) | Vantaa, Finland | S,[5]
|
Letter, logo of the (Suomen) Rahapaja Oy mint | |
| Luxembourg (2007–2008) | Pessac, France | F,
|
Letter, Cornucopia, Different of the Monnaie de Paris[4] | |
| Luxembourg (2009–present) | Utrecht, Netherlands |
|
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Malta (2008–2009) | Paris, France | F | Letter | |
| Monaco | Pessac, France |
|
Cornucopia, Different of the Monnaie de Paris[4] (Paris Mint) | |
| Netherlands | Utrecht |
|
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Poland | Warsaw | 
|
Mennica Polska (Polish Mint) logo | Poland is not yet part of the Eurozone. When the euro is introduced, this is the mintmark which will be used. The Polish Mint logo is the letter M on top of the letter W and comes from Mennica Warszawa or Warsaw Mint |
| Portugal (2007–2019) | Lisbon | INCM | Imprensa Nacional – Casa de Moeda (National Currency – Mint House) abbreviation | |
| Portugal (2020–present) | Lisbon | CASA DA MOEDA | Mint House text | |
| San Marino | Rome, Italy | R | Letter | |
| Slovakia | Kremnica | 
|
Mincovňa Kremnica (Kremnican Mint, MK) logo | |
| Slovenia (2007) | Vantaa, Finland | Fi[5] | Abbreviation | |
| Slovenia (2008–present) | Utrecht, Netherlands |
|
Mercury's wand, the logo of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) | |
| Spain | Madrid | 
|
Fábrica Nacional de Moneda y Timbre (National Factory of Currency and Stamps) logo | |
| Vatican | Rome, Italy | R | Letter |
Mint master marks and privy marks
Mint master marks or privy marks are symbols representing directors, chief engravers or chief executive officers of mints.
Belgium
The directors of the Monnaie Royale de Belgique/Koninklijke Munt van België (Royal Belgian Mint) in Brussels uses mint master's marks on all €2 commemorative coins and on all Belgian euro coins with a datestamp from 2008 onwards minted at this location.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Scale | Romain Coenen | 1999–2009 (€2 commemorative coins) 2008–2009 (standard issue euro coins) |
| [6] | Quill | Serge Lesens | 2009-2012 (€2 commemorative coins) 2010–2012 (standard issue euro coins) |
| [7] | Cat | Bernard Gillard | 2012-2016 (Commemorative coins) 2013-2016 (standard issue euro coins) |
| [8] | Coat of arms | Ingrid van Herzele | 2017–present |
Finland
The director of the Rahapaja Oy (Mint of Finland, LTD.) mint in Helsinki-Vantaa used a mint master's mark on Finnish euro coins minted at this location with the date stamp between 1999 and 2006.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
| M | Letter | Raimo Makkonen | 1999–2006 |
France
The directors of Monnaie de Paris in Pessac use mint master's marks on all French euro coins minted at this location.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Bee | Pierre Rodier | 1999–2000 |
|
Horseshoe | Gérard Buquoy | 2001–2002 |
|
Stylised heart with the initials of the mint master | Serge Levet | 2003 |
 [4]
|
Hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2004–2010 |
| [9] | Pentagon with letters AG, MP and YS | Yves Sampo | 2011–2020 |
| [10] | Square with letters JJ | Joaquin Jimenez | 2021–present |
Luxembourg
Luxembourg euro coins dated 2002 were minted in the Netherlands in 2000 and thus bear the mint master mark of E. J. van Schauwenburg, Temporary Director of the Utrecht Mint during the year of coin production. The Coinage Act of Luxembourg stipulates that national coins cannot have a date stamp prior to the year of issue. Therefore, Luxembourg euro coins bear the mint master mark of the Temporary Director at the time of minting, despite the date on the coins.
Coins dated 2003–2004 bear the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer, Director of the Utrecht Mint from 2003–2015. Luxembourgian euro coins dated 2005–2006 were produced at Rahapaja Oy (Mint of Finland), in Helsinki-Vantaa, Finland. Since the mint director does not affix a mint master mark to coins in production at that location, these coins do not bear a mint master mark but an S[5] and the logo of the 'Suomen Rahapaja' instead.
Luxembourg euro coins dated 2007-2008 were produced at Monnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France and bear the mint master mark of Hubert Larivière, Director of the Paris Mint. As of 2009, coins are again minted at the Royal Dutch Mint in Utrecht, the Netherlands. Until 2015 it was again the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer. From 2016-2017 Kees Bruinsma was the Temporary Director of the Utrecht Mint.
Luxembourg is the only member of the Eurozone to have all of their coins produced at three different foreign mints.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Bow and arrow with a star[11] | E. J. van Schauwenburg | 2002 |
|
Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2003–2004 |
| [4]
|
Hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2007–2008 |
|
|
Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2009–2015 |
| Sailboat with a star[11] | Kees Bruinsma | 2016–2017 | |
| [12] | St. Servatius Bridge | Stephan Satijn | 2017–present |
Monaco
Monegasque euro coins are produced by Monnaie de Paris, in Pessac, France beginning in 2001 and thus bear the mint master mark of Gérard Buquoy, Serge Levet, Hubert Larivière and Yves Sampo Directors of the Mint from 2001–2002, 2003, 2004–2010 and 2011–present respectively.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Horseshoe | Gérard Buquoy | 2001–2002 |
|
|
Stylised heart with the initials of the mint master | Serge Levet | 2003 |
| [4]
|
Hunting horn, a wave and a fish | Hubert Larivière | 2004–2010[13] |
| [9] | Pentagon with letters AG, MP and YS | Yves Sampo | 2011–2020 |
| Square with letters JJ | Joaquin Jimenez | 2021–present |
Netherlands
The mint masters of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (Royal Dutch Mint) in Utrecht use mint master's marks on all Dutch euro coins minted at this location.[14]
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Bow and arrow | Drs. Chr. van Draanen | 1999 |
|
|
Bow and arrow with a star[11] | E. J. van Schauwenburg | 2000 |
|
Vine branch and fruits | R. Bruens | 2001 |
|
Vine branch and fruits with a star[11] | Maarten Brouwer | 2002 |
|
|
Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2003–2015 |
| Sailboat with a star[11] | Kees Bruinsma | 2016–2017 | |
| [15] | Bridge | Stephan Satijn | 2017–present |
Slovenia
Slovenian euro coins dated 2008 were produced at Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and bear the mint master mark of Maarten Brouwer, director of the Royal Dutch Mint from 2003 until 2015.
| Mark | Mark description | Name of mint master | Coin dates |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Sailboat | Maarten Brouwer | 2008 |
Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on euro coins
Each country had the opportunity to design its own national side of the euro coin. Most coins bear the initials or the name of the designer somewhere in the national design. For example, all eight motives of the common reverse sides of the euro coins bear the stylised initials "LL" for Luc Luycx. 
Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on standard euro coins
| Euro coin denomination | Inscription image | Inscription text | Name | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France | ||||
| 1, 2, 5 cent | 
|
F. COURTIADE | Fabienne Courtiade | designer |
| 10, 20, 50 cent |  [16]
|
L. JORIO d'ap. O.ROTY | Laurent Jorio, Oscar Roty[17] | designer |
| 1, 2 euro | 
|
J. JIMENEZ | Joaquim Jimenez | designer |
| Greece | ||||
| All denominations | 
|
ΓΣ (stylised) | Georges Stamatopoulos | designer |
| Italy | ||||
| 1 cent | 
|
ED (stylised) | Eugenio Driutti | engraver |
| 2 cent | 
|
LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent | 
|
ELF | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent | 
|
CM | Claudia Momoni | engraver |
| 20 cent | 
|
M.A.C. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 50 cent | 
|
M (stylised) | Roberto Mauri | engraver |
| 1 euro | 
|
LC (stylised) | Laura Cretara | engraver |
| 2 euro | 
|
M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| Luxembourg | ||||
| All denominations | 
|
YGC (stylised) | Yvette Gastauer-Claire | designer |
| Malta | ||||
| 1, 2 and 5 cent | 
|
NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer |
| Portugal | ||||
| All denominations | 
|
VS (stylised) | Vítor Manuel Fernandes dos Santos | designer |
| San Marino | ||||
| All denominations | 
|
Ch (stylised) | Frantisek Chochola | sculptor |
| All denominations | 
|
ELF INC.[18] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| Slovakia | ||||
| 1, 2, 5 cent | 
|
Z | Drahomír Zobek | designer |
| 10, 20, 50 cent | 
|
JČ (stylised) and 'PK' (stylised) | Ján Černaj and Pavol Károly | designers |
| 1, 2 euro | 
|
IŘ (stylised) | Ivan Řehák | designer |
| Vatican City (first series) | ||||
| 1, 2 and 5 cent | 
|
GV • UP INC.[18] | Guido Veroi (sculptor) Uliana Pernazza (engraver) |
|
| 10, 20 and 50 cent | 
|
GV • UP INC.[18] | Guido Veroi (sculptor) Uliana Pernazza (engraver) |
|
| 1 and 2 euro |  [16]
|
GV • UP INC.[18] | Guido Veroi (sculptor) Uliana Pernazza (engraver) |
|
| Vatican City (second series) | ||||
| All denominations | 
|
D. LONGO | Daniela Longo | sculptor |
| 1 cent | 
|
M.A.C. INC.[18] | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 2 cent | 
|
LDS (stylised) INC.[18] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent | 
|
ELF INC.[18] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent | 
|
M.C.C. INC.[18] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| 20 cent | 
|
M.A.C. INC.[18] | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 50 cent | 
|
LDS (stylised) INC.[18] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 1 euro | 
|
ELF INC.[18] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 2 euro | 
|
M.C.C. INC.[18] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| Vatican City (third series) | ||||
| All denominations | 
|
D.L. | Daniela Longo | sculptor |
| 1 and 2 cent | 
|
LDS INC.[18] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver |
| 5 cent | 
|
ELF INC.[18] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 10 cent | 
|
M.C.C. INC.[18] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
| 20 and 50 cent | 
|
M.A.C. INC.[18] | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver |
| 1 euro | 
|
ELF INC.[18] | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver |
| 2 euro | 
|
M.C.C. INC.[18] | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver |
Designer, sculptor and engraver initials on €2 commemorative coins
| Country | Inscription image | Inscription text | Name | Title | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | 
|
M M | Pertti Mäkinen (designer) Raimo Makkonen (mint master) |
||||||||||
| Greece | KK ΠΓ |
Konstantinos Kazakos Panagiotis Gravvalos |
designer | ||||||||||
| Italy | 
|
UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | engraver | |||||||||
| Luxemburg | YGC (stylised) | Yvette Gastauer-Claire | sculptor | ||||||||||
| San Marino | 
|
E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |   [16]
|
VEROI L.D.S. INC.[18] |
Guido Veroi (designer) Luciana De Simoni (engraver) |
||||||||||
| 2005 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | 
|
LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | |||||||||
| Finland | 
|
K | Tapio Kettunen | designer | |||||||||
| Italy | 
|
M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | |||||||||
| Luxemburg | YGC (stylised) PB (stylised) |
Yvette Gastauer-Claire (sculptor) Patrice Bernabei (designer) |
|||||||||||
| San Marino | 
|
LDS (stylised) INC.[18] | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |   [16]
|
LONGO ELF INC.[18] |
Daniela Longo (designer) Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini (engraver) |
||||||||||
| 2006 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | 
|
M (the two marks reflect the mirror motif of the coin) | Raimo Makkonen | mint master | |||||||||
| Germany | 
|
HH | Heinz Hoyer | designer | |||||||||
| Italy | 
|
M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | |||||||||
| San Marino | 
|
LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |  
|
O.ROSSI MCC INC.[18] |
Orietta Rossi (designer) Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver) |
||||||||||
| 2007 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | 
|
HH | Heinz Hoyer | designer | |||||||||
| Monaco | 
|
R.B.BARON | R. B. Baron | designer | |||||||||
| Portugal |  [19]
|
I Vilar (signature) | Irene Vilar | designer | |||||||||
| San Marino | 
|
E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican |  
|
LONGO MCC INC.[18] |
Daniela Longo (designer) Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver) |
||||||||||
| 2008 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | 
|
K | Tapio Kettunen | sculptor | |||||||||
| Germany | 
|
OE (stylised) | Erich Ott | designer | |||||||||
| Italy | 
|
MCC | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | |||||||||
| Portugal | Esc. J. Duarte | João Duarte | sculptor | ||||||||||
| San Marino |  [16]
|
E.L.F. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | |||||||||
| Vatican | 
|
VEROI | Guido Veroi | engraver | |||||||||
| 2009 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | FB | Friedrich Brenner | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΓΣ | Georgios Stamatopoulos | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Italy | M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | J.AURÉLIO | José Aurélio | plastic artist | ||||||||||
| San Marino | A.M. | Annalisa Masini | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | PK | Pavol Károly | engraver | ||||||||||
| Vatican | O. ROSSI M.C.C. INC. |
Orietta Rossi (designer) Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver) |
|||||||||||
| 2010 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | BB | Bodo Broschat | engraver | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΓΣ | Georgios Stamatopoulos | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Italy | C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOSÉ CÂNDIDO | José Cândido | engraver | ||||||||||
| San Marino | m | Roberto Mauri | engraver | ||||||||||
| Vatican | VEROI ELF INC. |
Guido Veroi (designer) Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini (engraver) |
|||||||||||
| 2011 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | V | Hannu Veijalainen | artist | ||||||||||
| Germany | HH | Heinz Hoyer | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | ELF INC. | Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | IC - FB | Isabel Carriço and Fernando Branco | designers | ||||||||||
| San Marino | C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | MR | Miroslav Rónai | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | O. ROSSI M.C.C. INC. |
Orietta Rossi (designer) Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver) |
|||||||||||
| 2012 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | T | Erja Tielinen | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Germany | Π(stylised) | Erich Ott | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | M.C.C. | Maria Carmela Colaneri | engraver | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOSÉ DE GUIMARÃES | José De Guimarães | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | G. TITOTTO LDS INC. |
Gabriella Titotto (designer) Luciana De Simoni (engraver) |
|||||||||||
| 2013 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | ER (stylised) | Eugen Ruhl | engraver | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | m (stylised) MCC |
Roberto Mauri Maria Carmela Colaneri |
engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Netherlands | KЯCL (stylised) P |
Claudia Linders and Roosje Klap Pannos Goutzemisis |
designers | ||||||||||
| Portugal | HUGO MACIEL | Hugo Maciel | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | MOMONI | Claudia Momoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | mh (stylised) | Miroslav Hric | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | P. DANIELE M.C.C. INC. |
Patrizio Daniele (sculptor) Maria Carmela Colaneri (engraver) |
|||||||||||
| 2014 | |||||||||||||
| Germany | OE (stylised) | Erich Ott | engraver | ||||||||||
| Greece | MA (stylised) | Maria Andonatou | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) C.M. |
Luciana De Simoni Claudia Momoni |
engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Netherlands | P | Pannos Goutzemisis | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOSÉ TEIXEIRA | José Teixeira | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | MCC UP (stylised) |
Maria Carmela Colaneri Uliana Pernazza |
engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | MP (stylised) | Mária Poldaufová | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | G. TITOTTO C.M. INC |
Gabriella Titotto (designer) Claudia Momoni (engraver) |
|||||||||||
| 2015 | |||||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | engraver | ||||||||||
| Germany | HH BW |
Heinz Hoyer Bernd Wendhut |
engraver sculptor | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΓΣ ΣtΑΜ (stylised) |
Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | MGU SP |
Maria Grazia Urbani Silvia Petrassi |
engraver engraver | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | A.M. F Fonseca (signature) |
António Marinho Fernando Fonseca |
designer designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | AM ES |
Annalisa Masini Erik Spiekermann |
engraver designer | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | IŘ (stylised) | Ivan Řehák | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | C. PRINCIPE E.L.F. INC. |
Chiara Principe (designer) Ettore Lorenzo Frapiccini (engraver) |
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| 2016 | |||||||||||||
| Finland | K | Tapio Kettunen | sculptor | ||||||||||
| Germany | JT | Jordi Truxa | designer | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | |||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | JOANA VASCONCELOS | Joana Vasconcelos | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | MB | Matt Bonaccorsi | engraver | ||||||||||
| Slovakia | VP (stylised) | Vladimír Pavlica | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | M. CRISCIOTTI MOMONI INC. |
Mariangela Crisciotti Claudia Momoni |
designer engraver | ||||||||||
| D.LONGO SP INC |
Daniela Longo Silvia Petrassi |
designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2017 | |||||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | Ch (stylised) | František Chocola | designer | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | |||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | LUIS FILIPE DE ABREU | Luis Filipe de Abreu | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | designer | ||||||||||
| A UP INC. |
Andrew Lewis (designer) Uliana Pernazza (engraver) |
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| Slovakia | MP (stylised) | Mária Poldaufová | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | O.ROSSI SP INC. (stylised) |
Orietta Rossi (designer) Silvia Petrassi (engraver) |
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| G.TITOTTO MOMONI INC. |
Gabriella Titotto (designer) Claudia Momoni (engraver) |
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| 2018 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | BB (stylised) | Bodo Broschat | designer | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | engraver | ||||||||||
| SP (stylised) | Silvia Petrassi | engraver | |||||||||||
| Lithuania | JP | Justas Petrassi | designer | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | Eduardo Aires | Eduardo Aires | designer | ||||||||||
| San Marino | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | designer | ||||||||||
| A.M. | Annalisa Masini | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | PK (stylised) | Pavol Károly | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | D.LONGO C.M. INC. |
Daniela Longo Claudia Momoni |
designer engraver | ||||||||||
| P. DANIELE V.D.S. INC. |
Patrizio Daniele Valerio De Seta |
designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2019 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | MO (stylised) | Michael Otto | painter | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | M.A.C. | Maria Angela Cassol | engraver | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | L.F. ABREU | Luis Filipe de Abreu | designer | ||||||||||
| pomar (signature) | Júlio Pomar | designer | |||||||||||
| San Marino | UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | designer | ||||||||||
| M.A.C. | Maria Angela Cassol | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | PV (stylised) | Peter Valach | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | D.LONGO INC. A.M. |
Daniela Longo Annalisa Masini |
designer engraver | ||||||||||
| FUSCO CASSOL INC. |
Daniela Fusco Maria Angela Cassol |
designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2020 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | JT (stylised) | Jordi Truxa | designer | ||||||||||
| BB (stylised) | Bodo Broschat | designer | |||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | LDS (stylised) | Luciana De Simoni | engraver | ||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| Portugal | ANDRÉ LETRIA | André Letria | designer | ||||||||||
| Esc. J.J. BRITO | José João de Brito | engraver | |||||||||||
| San Marino | C.M. | Claudia Momoni | designer | ||||||||||
| A.M. | Annalisa Masini | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | PV (stylised) | Peter Valach | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | D.LONGO SP. A.M. |
Daniela Longo Silvia Petrassi |
designer engraver | ||||||||||
| G.TITOTTO M.A.C. INC. |
Gabriella Titotto Maria Angela Cassol |
designer engraver | |||||||||||
| 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Belgium | LL (stylised) | Luc Luycx | designer | ||||||||||
| France | .J (stylised) | Joaquin Jimenez | designer | ||||||||||
| Germany | MO (stylised) | Michael Otto | painter | ||||||||||
| Greece | ΣtΑΜ (stylised) | Georgios Stamatopoulos | engraver | ||||||||||
| Italy | UP (stylised) | Uliana Pernazza | engraver | ||||||||||
| C.M. | Claudia Momoni | engraver | |||||||||||
| Malta | NGB | Noel Galea Bason | designer | ||||||||||
| MAF (stylised) | Maria Anna Frisone | designer | |||||||||||
| Portugal | EDUARDO AIRES | Eduardo Aires | designer | ||||||||||
| F.PROVIDÊNCIA | Francisco Providência | sculptor | |||||||||||
| San Marino | SP (stylised) | Claudia Momoni | designer | ||||||||||
| VdS | Valerio De Seta | designer | |||||||||||
| Slovakia | BR (stylised) | Branislav Rónai | designer | ||||||||||
| Vatican | CP (stylised) UP. INC. |
Chiara Principe Uliana Pernazza |
designer engraver | ||||||||||
| P.DANIELE A.M. INC. |
Patrizio Daniele Annalisa Masini |
designer engraver | |||||||||||
€2 edge inscriptions
With each member of the Eurozone comes a set of individual coin designs. Included in the individuality of the national obverse face of the euro coins, whose design is left to the member states, is the edge of the €2 coin. Each member was allowed to design a unique inscription that would appear on the €2 coin's edge. Some of these edge inscriptions are carried over from the coins of the yielded currencies in circulation prior to the introduction of the euro.
Standard issue €2 edge inscriptions
| Country | Edge inscription | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Austria | 
|
The sequence "2 EURO ★★★" repeated four times alternately upright and inverted. |
| Belgium, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, Monaco, Spain | 
|
The sequence "2 ★ ★" repeated six times alternately upright and inverted. |
| Croatia | 
|
"O LIJEPA O DRAGA O SLATKA SLOBODO" ("Oh beautiful, oh dear, oh sweet freedom" in Croatian, from Dubravka). |
| Cyprus | 
|
The sequence "2 ΕΥΡΩ 2 EURO" repeated twice (2 EURO in Greek and Turkish). |
| Estonia | .svg){kind=small}
|
"EESTI ○" (ESTONIA in Estonian) upright and inverted. |
| Finland | 
|
"SUOMI FINLAND" (FINLAND in both Finnish and Swedish, the two official languages in Finland), followed by three lion's heads. |
| Germany | 
|
"EINIGKEIT UND RECHT UND FREIHEIT" (UNITY AND JUSTICE AND FREEDOM in German), Germany's national motto and the beginning of Germany's national anthem, followed by the Federal Eagle. |
| Greece | 
|
"ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ ΔΗΜΟΚΡΑΤΙΑ ★" (ELLINIKI DHIMOKRATIA ★: "HELLENIC REPUBLIC" in Greek). |
| Italy, San Marino, Vatican | 
|
The sequence "2 ★" repeated six times alternately upright and inverted. |
| Latvia | 
|
"DIEVS ★ SVĒTĪ ★ LATVIJU ★" (GOD BLESS LATVIA) |
| Lithuania | 
|
"LAISVĖ ★ VIENYBĖ ★ GEROVĖ ★" ("Freedom, Unity, Prosperity" in Lithuanian) |
| Malta | 
|
The sequence "2✠✠" (with Maltese crosses) repeated six times alternately upright and inverted |
| Netherlands | 
|
"GOD ★ ZIJ ★ MET ★ ONS ★" (GOD BE WITH US in Dutch). The same lettering had been applied to the larger denomination guilder coins. |
| Portugal | 
|
The edge design features the seven castles and five coats of arms also found on the national side, all equally spaced. |
| Slovakia | 
|
"SLOVENSKÁ REPUBLIKA" (SLOVAK REPUBLIC in Slovak) with two stars and linden leaf between. |
| Slovenia | 
|
"SLOVENIJA •" (SLOVENIA in Slovene) |
Commemorative issue €2 edge inscriptions
Generally the edge inscription of a €2 commemorative coin does not change from the standard issue counterpart. There are a few exceptions.
| Year and Country | Edge inscription | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 2005, Finland | 
|
"YK 1945–2005 FN" ("UN 1945–2005 UN" in Finnish and Swedish, the official languages of Finland) followed by three lion's heads. "YK" stands for "Yhdistyneet Kansakunnat" and "FN" stands for "Förenta Nationerna". Issued to commemorate the 60th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations and Finland's 50 year membership in the UN.[20] |
| 2007, Finland | 
|
"ROMFÖRDRAGET 50 ÅR EUROPA" ("TREATY OF ROME 50 YEARS EUROPE" in Swedish, one of the official languages of Finland. The same words in Finnish - "ROOMAN SOPIMUS 50 V EUROOPPA" - appear on the face of this coin). Issued to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Rome.[21] |
Notes
- ^ "OJ 2005/ L 186/1" (PDF). Official Journal of the European Union. 18 July 2005.
- ^ As applied to the 2008 amended design onward.
- ^ a b As applied to the 2007 amended design onward.
- ^ a b c d e f "Monnaie de Paris "About our mint master's mark"". Archived from the original on 2008-05-05. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- ^ a b c d Coins minted in Finland have "FI", "F" or "S" as the mint mark.
- ^ "Lesens, Serge".
- ^ "2012-2016) Cat (Bernard Gillard coin catalogue - Buying - Selling - Collecting".
- ^ "DPG Media Privacy Gate".
- ^ a b "Gijsbertus Willem de Wit (1926-2018)". 11 December 2018.
- ^ "Joaquin Jimenez-nomme-graveur-general-des-monnaies". 21 July 2020.
- ^ a b c d e The star represents a temporary director.
- ^ "Onthulling nieuw Muntmeesterteken".
- ^ There are no Monegasque coins issued into general circulation with this mint master mark on them. Coins minted from 2004–2006 were minted in proof quality for collector sets only and none were produced in 2007.
- ^ The span between 1999 and 2003 marks the first time in Dutch currency history where five different mint master's marks were used in consecutive years.
- ^ "Onthulling nieuw Muntmeesterteken".
- ^ a b c d e The image has been rotated 90 degrees clockwise for presentation purposes.
- ^ In 1898, Oscar Roty created the famous character of La Semeuse (the Sower) for the silver coins of the 3rd Republic. The 'Sower' is represented on the 10, 20 and 50 cent French euro coins. The original design of that character is attributed to him in this inscription.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w INC is the Italian abbreviation for 'engraver'.
- ^ The image has been rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise for presentation purposes.
- ^ 2005 commemorative euro coins from the European Commission
- ^ Celebrating 50 years of Europe with the euro from the European Commission
References
- Koninklijke Nederlandse Munt (2007-10-23). "Muntmeesterteken". Archived from the original on 2008-02-05. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- "European Central Bank". 2007-10-23. Archived from the original on 2007-10-19. Retrieved 2007-10-23.
- Mintmarks "The Euro- Information Website". 2008-01-05. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - Mint Master Marks "The Euro- Information Website". 2007-01-05. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - National Identification "The Euro- Information Website". 2007-01-05. Retrieved 2008-01-05.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help)
Euro topics | |||||||||
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| Fiscal provisions | |||||||||
| Economy | |||||||||
| International status | |||||||||
| Denominations |
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| Coins by country with minting rights |
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Potential adoption by other countries | |||||||||
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| History |
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