Jump to content

Gliosarcoma

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Diannaa (talk | contribs) at 20:32, 15 July 2022 (remove copyright content copied from https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5362&context=etd). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Gliosarcoma
Other namesSarcomatous glioblastoma [1]
Micrograph showing a gliosarcoma. Elastic van Gieson's stain.
SpecialtyNeuro-oncology

Gliosarcoma is a rare type of glioma, a cancer of the brain that comes from glial, or supportive, brain cells, as opposed to the neural brain cells. Gliosarcoma is a malignant cancer, and is defined as a glioblastoma consisting of gliomatous and sarcomatous components.[2] Primary gliosarcoma (PGS) is classified as a grade IV tumor and a subtype of glioblastoma multiforme in the 2007 World Health Organization classification system (GBM).[3]

It is estimated that approximately 2.1% of all glioblastomas are gliosarcomas. Although most gliomas rarely show metastases outside the cerebrum, gliosarcomas have a propensity to do so, most commonly spreading through the blood to the lungs, and also liver and lymph nodes.[4]

They are most commonly present in the temporal lobe[5][6] and frontal lobe[7].

Clinical characteristics

Gliosarcoma is rare; incidence ranges from 1.8 to 2.8 percent lower than that of GBMs.[8] Depending on where the tumor is located, the reported presenting signs and symptoms, such as aphasia, headaches, hemiparesis, seizures, and cognitive loss, are similar with those of a fast developing intracranial tumor. Many researchers have come to the conclusion that these tumors are clinically identical to GBM due to their clinical similarities[9].

Metastasis

GBM and other cerebral gliomas rarely metastasize outside the brain. Numerous authors described incidences of metastatic foci that mixed gliomatous and sarcomatous components,[10][11] while others reported metastatic foci that were entirely composed of the sarcomatous component.[12][13][14] Most gliosarcoma extracranial metastases are found in the lung and liver, but there have been reports of metastases elsewhere as well,[15][16][17][18][19] including evidence of intramedullary metastases to the cervical spine.[20]

Treatment

Tumor removal, postoperative radiation treatment, and chemo with nitrosureas, misonidazole, dacarbazine, temozolomide, doxorubicin , vincristine, cisplatin, mithramycin, ametophterin, thalidomide, or irinotecan have all been recorded as treatment options for gliosarcoma[21] and radiotherapy with temozolomide.[22]

Prognosis

PGS has a prognosis of median survival of 4 months in untreated individuals.[23]

References

  1. ^ "Gliosarcoma: Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  2. ^ Ayadi L, Charfi S, Khabir A, Kalle R, Sellami A, Makni S, et al. (March 2010). "[Cerebral gliosarcoma: clinico-pathologic study of 8 cases]". La Tunisie Médicale (in French). 88 (3): 142–146. PMID 20415184.
  3. ^ Louis D, Ohgaki H, Wiestler OD, Cavenee WK, Burger PC, Jouvet A, Scheithauer BW, Kleihues P (2007) The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol 114:97–109
  4. ^ Beaumont TL, Kupsky WJ, Barger GR, Sloan AE (May 2007). "Gliosarcoma with multiple extracranial metastases: case report and review of the literature". Journal of Neuro-Oncology. 83 (1): 39–46. doi:10.1007/s11060-006-9295-x. PMID 17171442. S2CID 13171064.
  5. ^ Galanis E, Buckner JC, Dinapoli RP, Scheithauer BW, Jenkins RB, Wang CH, O’Fallon JR, Farr G Jr (1998) Clinical outcome of gliosarcoma compared with glioblastoma multiforme: north central cancer treatment group results. J Neurosurg 89:425–430
  6. ^ Parekh H, O’Donovan DG, Sharma RR, Keogh AJ (1995) Primary cerebral gliosarcoma: report of 17 cases. Br J Neurosurg 9:171–178
  7. ^ Meis J, Martz KL, Nelson JS (1990) Mixed glioblastoma multiforme and sarcoma: a clinicopathologic study of 26 radiation therapy oncology group cases. Cancer 67:2342–2349
  8. ^ Lutterbach J, Guttenberger R, Pagenstecher A (2001) Gliosarcoma: a clinical study. Radiother Oncol 61:57–64
  9. ^ Machuca T, Prevedello DM, Pope LZ, Haratz SS, Araujo JC, Torres LF (2004) Gliosarcoma: report of four cases with immunohistochemical findings. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 62:608–612
  10. ^ Ehrenreich T, Devlin JF (1958) A complex of glioblastoma and spindle-cell sarcoma with pulmonary metastases. Arch Pathol 66:536–549
  11. ^ Garret R (1958) Glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma of the brain with extracranial metastases. Cancer 11:888–894
  12. ^ Smith D, Hardman JM, Earle KM (1969) Glioblastoma multiforme and fibrosarcoma with extracranial metastasis. Cancer 24:270–276
  13. ^ Gjedrum L, Bojsen-Moller M (1999) 61-year old male with brain tumor and oral, lung, and palpebral masses. Brain Pathol 9:421–422
  14. ^ Ojeda V, Sterrett GF (1984) Cerebral gliosarcoma, pulmonary adenoid-cystic carcinoma, and pulmonary metastatic gliosarcoma: report of an untreated case. Pathology 16:217–221
  15. ^ Weaver D, Vandenberg S, Park TS, Jane JA (1984) Selective peripancreatic sarcoma metastases from primary gliosarcoma.J Neurosurg 61:599–601
  16. ^ Cerame M, Guthikonda M, Kohli CM (1985) Extraneural metastases in gliosarcoma: a case report and review of literature. Neurosurgery 17:413–418
  17. ^ Slowik F, Balogh I (1980) Extracranial spreading of glioblastoma multiforme. Zentralbl Neurochir 41:57–68
  18. ^ Matsuyama J, Mori T, Hori S, Nakano T, Yamada A (1989) Gliosarcoma with multiple extracranial metastases. Case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 29:938–943
  19. ^ Yokoyama H, Ono H, Mori K, Kishikawa M, Kihara M (1985) Extracranial metastasis of glioblastoma with sarcomatous component. Surg Neurol 24:641–645
  20. ^ Witwer B, Salamat MS, Resnick DK (2000) Gliosarcoma metastatic to the cervical spine cord: case report and review of the literature. Surg Neurol 54:373–379
  21. ^ Rodriguez F, Scheithauer BW, Jenkins R, Burger PC, Rudzinskiy P, Vlodavsky E, Schooley A, Landolfi J (2007) Gliosarcoma arising in oligodendroglial tumors (‘‘oligosarcoma’’): a clinicopathologic study. Am J Surg Pathol 31:351–362
  22. ^ Stupp R, Mason WP, Van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ et al (2005) Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 352:987–996
  23. ^ Morantz R, Feigin I, Ransohoff J (1976) Clinical and pathological study of 24 cases of gliosarcoma. J Neurosurg 45:398–408

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from Dictionary of Cancer Terms. U.S. National Cancer Institute.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Gliosarcoma&oldid=1098433292"