Llansteffan Castle
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51°45′56″N 4°23′26″W / 51.765637°N 4.390566°W
Llansteffan Castle (Template:Lang-cy) is a privately owned castle in Llansteffan, Carmarthenshire, Wales, overlooking the River Tywi estuary in Carmarthen Bay.
Iron Age
The castle sits on a much older Iron Age promontory fort, proving Llansteffan has been inhabited for several millennia.[1] The hill where the castle stands commands the River Tywi estuary. The hill would have been stripped of trees so that foot soldiers were vulnerable to attack by archers. The original earthworks can still be seen and were used as part of the modern castle's defence system—the castle proper rests within the earthwork rings.
Conquest of West Wales
The castle was built by the Normans after 1100 as part of their invasion of Wales and granted to the Marmion family before passing to the Camvilles through marriage.[2][3]
It was captured by Maredudd ap Gruffydd in 1146[4] against the forces of Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan and his brother William FitzGerald, Lord of Emlyn who were the leading Norman settlers of the region. The castle was retaken by the Normans in 1158.[4] Llywelyn the Great recaptured the castle for the Welsh in 1215 and taken back by the Camville family sometime after 1223. The castle fell to Llywelyn ap Gruffudd in 1257 but returned to the Camvilles by the 1260s.[4]
By 1367, it was described as in a poor state.[4]
Owain Glyndŵr
The castle was captured twice by the forces of Owain Glyndŵr in 1403 and c.1405.[4] It was recaptured by Sir John Pennes in 1408. The castle was later granted to the Crown and the two-tower Gatehouse was converted into a residence.[4]
Preservation
The castle, which is privately owned, is under a deed of guardianship with Cadw.[5]
See also
References
- ^ Guilbert and Schweiso, G C and J J (1972). "Llanstephan Castle. An interim discussion of the 1971 excavation". The Carmarthenshire Antiquity. 8: 75–90.
- ^ George Edward Cokayne (1893), Complete Peerage, London: George Bell & Sons.
{{citation}}:|format=requires|url=(help) - ^ Charles Ferrers R. Palmer (1875), History of the Baronial Family of Marmion, Lords of the Castle of Tamworth, etc., Tamworth: J. Thompson
{{citation}}:|format=requires|url=(help) - ^ a b c d e f Lloyd, Thomas; Orbach, Julian; Scourfield, Robert (2006). Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion. London: Yale University Press. pp. 331–332. ISBN 0-300-10179-1.
- ^ "Llansteffan Castle". Days Out. Cadw. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
