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Cyclocoridae

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Cyclocorinae
Cyclocorus lineatus lineatus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Cyclocorinae
Genera

Cyclocoridae is a family of elapoid snakes endemic to the Philippines.[1]

It was initially erected as a subfamily (Cyclocorinae) in 2017 to house four enigmatic, endemic genera containing seven species and one undescribed lineage that are more closely related to one another than to members of the families Atractaspididae or to other former subfamilies of the Lamprophiidae. A fifth genus, Levitonius, was described in 2020.[2]

Previously placed within the Colubridae, a 2017 study by Weinell et al.[1] found strong support the monophyly of Cyclocorinae within Lamprophiidae, but its position relative to the other subfamilies of Lamprophiidae is not resolved. Cyclocorinae was found to be a possible sister group to the Atractaspidinae. In 2019, they were reclassified as a distinct family Cyclocoridae, alongside many former members of Lamprophiidae, as Lamprophiidae was found to be otherwise paraphyletic with respect to Elapidae.[3]

The species of Cyclocoridae likely began to diverge beginning ~35 million years ago (Mya) (CI 29–41 Mya). Because snakes of this subfamily are not known from Palawan Island, their method of dispersal from mainland Asia to the Philippine archipelago must have differed from that of most Philippine reptiles and amphibians, which are thought to have rafted over on the Palawan "Ark".[4][5][6]

The members of this subfamily are among the most poorly known snakes in the world. Very little information is available on their geographic distribution, ecology, behavior, or conservation status.[7] Despite high support for a close relationship from DNA, no unambiguous morphological characteristics unite these four genera.[2]

Genera and species

The five genera, three with two species each and two with one species, and one unnamed lineage, are:

References

  1. ^ a b Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M. (2018). "Discovery of an old, archipelago-wide, endemic radiation of Philippine snakes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 119: 144–150. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2017.11.004. PMID 29162550.
  2. ^ a b c Weinell, Jeffrey L.; Paluh, Daniel J.; Siler, Cameron D.; Brown, Rafe M. (23 December 2020). "A New, Miniaturized Genus and Species of Snake (Cyclocoridae) from the Philippines". Copeia. 108 (4): 907–923. doi:10.1643/CH2020110. ISSN 0045-8511. See also
  3. ^ Zaher, Hussam; Murphy, Robert W.; Arredondo, Juan Camilo; Graboski, Roberta; Machado-Filho, Paulo Roberto; Mahlow, Kristin; Montingelli, Giovanna G.; Quadros, Ana Bottallo; Orlov, Nikolai L.; Wilkinson, Mark; Zhang, Ya-Ping (2019-05-10). "Large-scale molecular phylogeny, morphology, divergence-time estimation, and the fossil record of advanced caenophidian snakes (Squamata: Serpentes)". PLOS ONE. 14 (5): e0216148. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216148. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 6512042. PMID 31075128.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ Blackburn, D. C.; Bickford, D. P.; Diesmos, A. C.; Iskandar, D. T.; Brown, R. M. (2010). "An ancient origin for the enigmatic Flat-headed Frogs (Bombinatoridae: Barbourula) from the islands of Southeast Asia". PLOS ONE. 5 (8): e12090–10. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...512090B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012090. PMC 2918512. PMID 20711504.
  5. ^ Brown, R. M.; Su, Y. C.; Barger, B.; Siler, C. D.; Sanguila, M. B.; Diesmos, A. C.; Blackburn, D. C. (2016). "Phylogeny of the island archipelago frog genus Sanguirana: another endemic Philippine radiation that diversified 'Out-of-Palawan'" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94 (Pt B): 531–536. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.010. PMID 26477738.
  6. ^ Siler, C. D.; Oaks, J. R.; Welton, L. J.; Linkem, C. W.; Swab, J. C.; Diesmos, A. C.; Brown, R. M. (2012). "Did geckos ride the Palawan raft to the Philippines?" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography. 39 (7): 1217–1234. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02680.x.
  7. ^ Leviton, A. E.; Siler, C. D.; Weinell, J. L.; Brown, R. M. (2018). "Synopsis of the snakes of the Philippines: a synthesis of data from biodiversity repositories, field studies, and the literature". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 64: 399–468.
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