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Ruma

Coordinates: 45°00′N 19°50′E / 45.000°N 19.833°E / 45.000; 19.833
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For other uses, see Ruma (disambiguation).
Ruma
Рума (Serbian)
Town and municipality
From top: Monument of the Revolution, Downtown, Monument to a horse, Serbian Orthodox Church of the Holy Ascension of the Lord, One of the two statues of the monument to the plague, The old building of the Yugoslav People's Army, New Orthodox Church
Coat of arms of Ruma
Coat of arms
Location of the municipality of Ruma within Serbia
Location of the municipality of Ruma within Serbia
Coordinates: 45°00′N 19°50′E / 45.000°N 19.833°E / 45.000; 19.833
Country Serbia
Province Vojvodina
RegionSyrmia
DistrictSrem
MunicipalityRuma
Settlements17
Government
 • MayorAleksandra Ćirić (SNS)
Area
[1]
 • Town68.66 km2 (26.51 sq mi)
 • Municipality582.02 km2 (224.72 sq mi)
Elevation
112 m (367 ft)
Population
 (2011 census)[2]
 • Town
30,076
 • Town density440/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
 • Municipality
54,339
 • Municipality density93/km2 (240/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
22400
Area code+381(0)22
Car platesRU
Websitewww.ruma.rs

Ruma (Serbian Cyrillic: Рума) is a town and municipality in the Srem District of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia. As of 2011, the town has a population of 30,076, while the municipality has a population of 54,339.

History

Traces of organized human life on the territory of Ruma municipality date back as far as prehistory. The most important archaeological locality in the municipality is Bronze Age Gomolava[3] near Hrtkovci, with two exclusive tombs of Bosut culture dating to the 9th century BC[4] and 3000BC Vučedol culture pottery.[5] The first known inhabitants of this area were various peoples of Illyrian and Celtic origin, such as the Amantini, Breuci, Scordisci, etc. During the Roman rule, local inhabitants lost their ethnic character and adopted Roman culture. There were no larger Roman settlements on the territory of Ruma, but a certain number of agricultural estates known as "villae rusticae" were located there.

Migrations of Huns, Germanic peoples, Avars and Slavs destroyed Roman culture in this area. During the following centuries, the region was ruled by Frankish Empire, Bulgarian Empire, Byzantine Empire and Kingdom of Hungary.

The settlement named Ruma was first mentioned in an Ottoman defter from 1566/7. In that period Ruma was a village inhabited by Serbs, with 49 houses, a church and three priests.[6]

From 1718, Ruma was under administration of the Habsburg monarchy. In 1746, the town of Ruma was founded near the original village of Ruma. The first inhabitants of the town were Serbs,[6] who came from neighboring settlements, as well as Germans, who came from Germany. In the beginning of the 19th century, Croats and Hungarians settled there as well. In 1807, a large rebellion of the Syrmian peasants known as the Tican's Rebellion started on the territory of Ruma, with its center in the village of Voganj. During the 1848-1849 revolution, Ruma was one of the important centers of the Serbian national movement in Syrmia.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Ruma was a district capital in the Syrmia County of the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia. According to the 1910 census, the population of the Ruma municipality was 49,138 inhabitants, of whom 22,956 spoke Serbian, 15,529 German, 5,746 Hungarian, and 3,730 Croatian.[7]

After the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy, on November 24, 1918, the Assembly of Syrmia in Ruma proclaimed the unification of Syrmia with the Kingdom of Serbia. In 1933, Ruma officially gained the status of a city.

When World War II began, Ruma was one of the centers of German national minority in Vojvodina.[6] In 1942, during the Axis occupation of Syrmia, a unit of the Third Reich's Wehrmacht, known as the Volunteer Company Ruma ES der DM, was formed from local Volksdeutsche volunteers. A large number of non-German citizens of Ruma participated in the anti-fascist struggle against Axis occupation.[8] In 1944, as a consequence of the war, most members of the German ethnic minority left the town, escaping from Yugoslav partisans and Soviet Red Army.[8] Around 1,000 of them remained when the partisans took the town. Many of them were shot in November 1944, while survivors were taken to the Svilara concentration camp in Sremska Mitrovica.[9]

After the war, colonists from various parts of the former Yugoslavia settled this area. During the 1990s, about 10,000 refugees from Croatia, Bosnia and Kosovo settled in Ruma as well. In 1949 the Union of Pilots of Yugoslavia (Vazduhoplovni Savez Jugoslavije) opened a pilot school, a school for parachute instructors and a school of aircraft modelling in Ruma, all of which were funded by the Airforces of Yugoslavia. This led to an impressive International air show held in the center of the town in 1950.

Inhabited places

Map of Ruma municipality

The Ruma municipality comprises the town of Ruma and the following villages:

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
194837,622—    
195340,742+1.61%
196147,671+1.98%
197152,156+0.90%
198155,083+0.55%
199155,087+0.00%
200260,006+0.78%
201154,339−1.10%
Source: [10]
View northwesterly of Ruma vicinity

According to the 2011 census results, the municipality of Ruma has 54,339 inhabitants.

Ethnic groups

The municipality of Ruma has many ethnic groups, with Serbs constituting a majority in all settlements. The ethnic composition of the municipality of Ruma:[11]

Ethnic group Population %
Serbs 46,891 86.29%
Croats 1,719 3.16%
Romani 1,297 2.39%
Hungarians 1,171 2.15%
Yugoslavs 267 0.49%
Macedonians 153 0.28%
Albanians 57 0.10%
Montenegrins 54 0.10%
Slovaks 50 0.09%
Germans 49 0.09%
Muslims 39 0.07%
Others 2,592 4.77%
Total 54,339

Economy

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):[12]

Activity Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing 427
Mining and quarrying 8
Manufacturing 6,762
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply 217
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities 215
Construction 579
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 1,999
Transportation and storage 809
Accommodation and food services 338
Information and communication 111
Financial and insurance activities 136
Real estate activities 4
Professional, scientific and technical activities 333
Administrative and support service activities 149
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security 550
Education 713
Human health and social work activities 748
Arts, entertainment and recreation 161
Other service activities 200
Individual agricultural workers 635
Total 15,094

Notable citizens

Sister cities

  • The Orthodox church
    The Orthodox church
  • The Catholic church
    The Catholic church
  • Monument in the center of the city
    Monument in the center of the city
  • Borkovac Lake
    Borkovac Lake
  • A junction train from Ruma to Šabac
    A junction train from Ruma to Šabac

See also

References

  1. ^ "Municipalities of Serbia, 2006". Statistical Office of Serbia. Retrieved 2010-11-28.
  2. ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia: Comparative Overview of the Number of Population in 1948, 1953, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2002 and 2011, Data by settlements" (PDF). Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. 2014. ISBN 978-86-6161-109-4. Retrieved 2014-06-27.
  3. ^ "CEEOL BALCANICA , Issue XXXVI /2005". Ceeol.com. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  4. ^ Nikola Tasic. "Historical Picture of Development of Early Iron Age in the Serbian Danube Basin" (PDF). Balkaninstitut.com. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  5. ^ "Balcanica XXXVI" (PDF). Balkaninstitut.com. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  6. ^ a b c "History". Ruma.rs. 1944-10-27. Archived from the original on 2013-10-15. Retrieved 2013-10-15.
  7. ^ [1] [dead link‍]
  8. ^ a b "Opština Ruma - Istorija" (in Serbian). Internet Media. 2006. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
  9. ^ Weißbuch der Deutschen aus Jugoslawien, München 1991, S. 713
  10. ^ "2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2017.
  11. ^ "ETHNICITY Data by municipalities and cities" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  12. ^ "MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019" (PDF). stat.gov.rs. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia. 25 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
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