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Flattop

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File:Profile of a young man with flat-top haircut.jpg
Profile of a young man with flat-top haircut
For other uses, see Flat Top (disambiguation).

A flattop is a type of short haircut where the hair on the top of the head is cut and styled upright to form a flat profile when viewed from the front or side. In the most classic and mainstream style of flattop for men and boys, the hair on top of the head is cut level from front to back before contouring to the back of the head. The shortest portion of hair on top, occurring at the highest point on the head, is typically cut to about a quarter of an inch, resulting in the hair at the front being cut to about 3/4 to 1-1/4 inches long, depending on the roundness of the head, in order to maintain flatness from forehead to crown. The back and sides are cut to about a quarter of an inch (the same length or slightly shorter than the length of the shortest hair on top) and tapered into the upright hair on top. The ears are neatly outlined, and the sideburns are squared just above the oriface of the ear. The neckline is cut with a low taper. Other versions popular in counter-culture are cut longer on the top, often upward sloping to the front to 2-3 inches, or with modified back and sides, either left long or shaved to the skin. Another version seen in the U.S. military shaves the hair to the skin from the highest point of the crown all the way down the back and sides, often with lather and razor, leaving only a small amount of remaining hair in a flat horseshoe shape on top (a “horseshoe flattop” or “shoe”). Regardless of the form, the flattop is usually cut with electric clippers, using both the clipper-over-comb and freehand techniques on the top and detachable blades on the back and sides.[1][2][3][4]

Styling

When a flattop is viewed from the front, varying degrees of squarish appearance are achieved by the design of the upper sides as they approach and round or angle on to the flat deck.[5][6] Possibilities are somewhat limited by skull shape, the density of the hair and the diameter of the individual shafts of hair, but may include: boxy upper sides with rounded corners; boxy upper sides with sharp corners; rounded upper sides with rounded corners; rounded upper sides with sharp corners.[5] The hair on the sides and back of the head is usually tapered short, semi-short, or medium.[6][7]

A flattop might be graduated in length on the top of the head from approximately one inch at the front hairline to about a quarter inch at the crown to a half inch as it starts curving down the back of the head. A classic flattop for men and boys typically cuts the back and sides to a quarter of an inch in length with sideburns cut square just above the oriface of the ear and a low taper at the neckline.[8] A variant form known by several names including flattop with fenders and flat top boogie has long sides known as fenders with or without a ducktail.[9][10]

Flattops are typically groomed with wax pomade (known as butch wax in the 1950s), hair spray, mousse, gel, or cream—dependent upon hair texture and personal preference regarding rigidity and sheen. Certain straight, course hair textures do not require product to maintain their hold. Since the haircut is short and quickly grows out of its precisely-cut shape, maintenance haircuts are required every 2-3 weeks, and some flattop wearers get haircuts once a week. Most style their hair upward after washing with a blow dryer.

The flattop was very popular in the 1950s and early 1960s, but faded in popularity with the emergence of longer hair styles in the late 1960s and 1970s. It had a brief reappearance in the 1980s and early 1990s, before dropping off again. The flattop maintains a contingent of dedicated wearers and is a known standard style in barbershops.

Haircutting methods

Left: Roger Maris, flattop. Right: U.S. President John F. Kennedy, Ivy League-type haircut

The haircut is usually done with electric clippers utilizing the clipper over comb technique, though it can also be cut shears over comb or freehand with a clipper.[7][11] Some barbers utilize large combs designed for cutting flattops. Others use wide rotary clipper blades specifically designed for freehand cutting the top of a flattop.[12]

When cutting a new flattop or when cutting a flattop with full boxy or boxy rounded upper sides or a flattop with fenders, the hair at the upper sides and top has to be boxed in. If the hair on the upper sides is initially contoured, it may not be possible to achieve a squarish effect.[6] The hair at the crown is cut from about one quarter to one half inch while the barber stands behind the patron. He then positions himself in front and cuts the top hair to about two inches in length and then to the desired height across the top from side to side while progressing back to the shorter hair at the crown.

The exact lengths are dependent on skull shape and the style of flat top.[7] Intricate cutting of the deck and upper sides follows to achieve a specific inclination and squarish effect. Natural skull shape and certain deck inclinations and heights often leave an area at the center top of the head where the scalp is visible through the hair. This area is called a "landing strip", a metaphor for the landing strip on the deck of a flattop (aircraft carrier). Some flattops are designed to cause a landing strip to show to varying degrees.[6] While most all of a flattop is cut with clippers, master barbers with an attention to detail use shears at the end of the haircut to confirm that no stray hairs remain on top (the “scissor salute”).

See also

References

  1. ^ Thorpe 1967, pp. 133–134.
  2. ^ Trusty 1971, pp. 110–111.
  3. ^ "MANNERS & MORALS: Teen-Age Moderation". Time. 16 February 1959. Archived from the original on September 15, 2008.
  4. ^ Victoria Sherrow (2006), Encyclopedia of hair, ISBN 9780313331459
  5. ^ a b Thorpe 1967, p. 134.
  6. ^ a b c d Trusty 1971, p. 110.
  7. ^ a b c Thorpe 1967, p. 133.
  8. ^ "The Flat Top", Boys' Life, August 1961
  9. ^ Trusty 1971, pp. 111–112.
  10. ^ "The Flat Top Boogie", Boys' Life, July 1961
  11. ^ Trusty 1971, pp. 110–112.
  12. ^ Trusty 1971, p. 111.

Bibliography

  • Thorpe, S.C. (1967). Practice and Science of Standard Barbering. Milady Publishing Corporation.
  • Trusty, L. Sherman (1971). The Art and Science of Barbering. Wolfer Printing Co.
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