John Two Guns White Calf
John Two Guns White Calf (also known as John Two Guns and John Whitecalf Two Guns[1]) (1872–1934[2][3]) was a chief of the Piegan Blackfeet in Montana. He was born near Fort Benton, Montana and was the adopted son of Chief White Calf.[1] After the elder White Calf died in 1902, White Calf became the last chief of the Blackfoot Tribe.[2] He died of pneumonia at the age of 63 and is buried in a Catholic cemetery in Browning, Montana.[2][1]
Promotional career
He became famous for his work promoting the Glacier National Park for the Great Northern Railway.[1][2][4]: 222 In 1912, he travelled with several other Blackfeet to the 1912 United States Land Show in Chicago to make what was possibly the first publicity trip for the tribe.[5] He also claimed to be the model for the profile on the Indian head nickel. However, the sculptor, James Earle Fraser, said that the image he used was a composite of several people.[1]: 141 [6] In 1971, Walter Wetzel created the Washington Redskins logo. He used Two Guns White Calf's image as the basis for the logo. The team used the logo until 2020.
References
- ^ a b c d e Bates, Erica Margaret (1999). The Encyclopedia of Native American Economic History. Greenwood Press. p. 141. ISBN 9780313306235.
- ^ a b c d Estes, Roberta (21 May 2012). "John Two Guns White Calf". Native Heritage Project. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ "Battle for the Blackfeet". Flathead Beacon. 23 October 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ Andrew R. Graybill (2013), The Red and the White: A Family Saga of the American West, W. W. Norton & Company, ISBN 9780871404459
- ^ Beck, David R. M.; LaPier, Rosalyn R. (May 2015). City Indian: Native American Activism in Chicago, 1893-1934. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803278486.
- ^ VanRyzin, Robert R. (October 2009). Fascinating Facts, Mysteries and Myths About U.S. Coins. F+W Media. ISBN 1440225370.
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