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List of natural satellites

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This article is about the moons of planets and dwarf planets in the Solar System. For other asteroid or minor-planet moons, see Minor-planet moon.

Template:Lists of Solar System objects

The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 219 natural satellites, or moons. At least 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Jupiter's Io.[1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).

Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.

The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.

Moons by primary

Some moons, minor planets and comets of the Solar System to scale
Selected moons, with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.
The number of moons discovered in each year until November 2019

Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.

Venus also has no moons,[3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.

Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has more than 20 known co-orbitals, including the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, and the occasional temporary satellite, like 2020 CD3; however, since they do not permanently orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.)

Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[4]

Jupiter has 80 moons with known orbits; 72 of them have received permanent designations, and 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 72 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.

Saturn has 83 moons with known orbits; 66 of them have received permanent designations, and 63 have been named. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 59, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.

Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.

Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[5]

Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[6] Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 350±57.5 km.[7]

Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[8] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.

A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna are generally agreed to be dwarf planets among astronomers, and all but Sedna are known to have moons.[9] A number of other smaller objects, such as Salacia, Varda, and 2013 FY27, also have moons, although their dwarf planethood is more doubtful. This list includes all objects with best estimated diameter above 700 km, including 2003 AZ84 whose satellite has not been seen since its initial discovery.

As of October 2022, 365 asteroid moons and 128 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and the other dwarf planets) had been discovered.[10]

Summary – number of moons
Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Number of moons 0 0 1 2 80 83 27 14
(Possible) dwarf Ceres Orcus 2003 AZ84 Pluto Ixion Salacia 2002 MS4 Haumea Quaoar Make-
make 		Varda 2002 AW197 2013 FY27 Gong-
gong 		Eris Sedna
Number of moons 0 1 1 5 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Minor planet
See list

Due to Earth's varying distance from these planets (as well as their distance to the Sun), the limits at which we are able to detect new moons is very inconsistent. As the below graph demonstrates, the absolute magnitude (total inherent brightness, abbreviated H) of moons we have detected around planets peaks at H = 17 for Jupiter, H = 16 for Saturn, H = 13 for Uranus, and H = 11 for Neptune.[clarification needed] Smaller moons may (and most likely do) exist around each of these planets, but are currently undetectable from Earth. Although spacecraft have visited all of these planets, Earth-based telescopes continue to outperform them in moon-detection ability.[citation needed]

Planetary moons by absolute magnitude

List

This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. Moons that do not yet have official Roman numeral designations (because their orbits are not yet known well enough) are listed after those that do.

The 19 moons that are known to be large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it. Angular size from the parent surface actually might differ much depending on the moon location at the given moment and the point where it is observed from the parent surface (and some of these parents might not have a solid surface); the observation point matters especially for moons orbiting very near their parents e.g. Naiad is at average below two times parent radius from the center of Neptune and Cordelia is at average below two times parent radius from the center of Uranus.

Satellites of planets
Satellite of Earth Satellites of Jupiter Satellites of Uranus
Satellites of Mars Satellites of Saturn Satellites of Neptune
Satellites of generally agreed dwarf planets
Satellite of Orcus Satellites of Pluto Satellites of Haumea
Satellite of Quaoar Satellite of Makemake Satellite of Gonggong
Satellite of Eris
Satellites of other dwarf planet candidates
Satellite of 2003 AZ84 Satellite of Salacia Satellite of Varda
Satellite of 2013 FY27
Image Parent Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Orbital semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d)
(r = retrograde) 		Angular size from the parent surface [arcmin] Discovery year Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
Earth I (1) Moon 1,738 384,399 27.321582 31.61038[11] Prehistoric — Synchronous rotation [12]
Mars I (1) Phobos 11.267 9,380 0.319 12.93259 1877 Hall [13][14][15]
Mars II (2) Deimos 6.2±0.18 23,460 1.262 2.12397 1877 Hall [13][14][15]
Jupiter I (1) Io 1,821.6±0.5 421,800 1.769 35.59190 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
Jupiter II (2) Europa 1,560.8±0.5 671,100 3.551 17.85008 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
Jupiter III (3) Ganymede 2,634.1±0.3 1,070,400 7.155 18.10189 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
Jupiter IV (4) Callisto 2,410.3±1.5 1,882,700 16.69 9.14172 1610 Galileo Main-group moon (Galilean) [15][16]
Jupiter V (5) Amalthea 83.5±2 181,400 0.498 5.14942 1892 Barnard Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][17]
Jupiter VI (6) Himalia 69.8 11,461,000 250.56 0.04213 1904 Perrine Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][18][19]
Jupiter VII (7) Elara 43 11,741,000 259.64 0.02533 1905 Perrine Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][20]
Jupiter VIII (8) Pasiphae 30 23,624,000 743.63 (r) 0.00876 1908 Melotte Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][21]
Jupiter IX (9) Sinope 19 23,939,000 758.90 (r) 0.00547 1914 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][22]
Jupiter X (10) Lysithea 18 11,717,000 259.20 0.01063 1938 Nicholson Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][23]
Jupiter XI (11) Carme 23 23,404,000 734.17 (r) 0.00678 1938 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][23]
Jupiter XII (12) Ananke 14 21,276,000 629.77 (r) 0.00454 1951 Nicholson Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][24]
Jupiter XIII (13) Leda 10 11,165,000 240.92 0.00620 1974 Kowal Prograde irregular (Himalia) [14][15][25]
Jupiter XIV (14) Thebe 49.3±2.0 221,900 0.675 2.23017 1979 Synnott (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][26]
Jupiter XV (15) Adrastea 8.2±2.0 129,000 0.298 0.95414 1979 Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][27]
Jupiter XVI (16) Metis 21.5±2.0 128,000 0.295 2.54477 1979 Synnott (Voyager 1) Inner moon (Amalthea) [14][15][28]
Jupiter XVII (17) Callirrhoe 4.5 24,103,000 758.77 (r) 0.00129 2000 Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, Gehrels Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][29]
Jupiter XVIII (18) Themisto 4 7,284,000 130.02 0.00381 1975/2000 Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery) Prograde irregular (Themisto) [14][15][30][31]
Jupiter XIX (19) Megaclite 2.7 23,493,000 752.86 (r) 0.00079 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XX (20) Taygete 2.5 23,280,000 732.41 (r) 0.00074 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXI (21) Chaldene 1.9 23,100,000 723.72 (r) 0.00057 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXII (22) Harpalyke 2.2 20,858,000 623.32 (r) 0.00073 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXIII (23) Kalyke 2.6 23,483,000 742.06 (r) 0.00076 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXIV (24) Iocaste 2.6 21,060,000 631.60 (r) 0.00085 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXV (25) Erinome 1.6 23,196,000 728.46 (r) 0.00048 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXVI (26) Isonoe 2 23,155,000 726.23 (r) 0.00060 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXVII (27) Praxidike 3.5 20,908,000 625.39 (r) 0.00115 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, Evans Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][32]
Jupiter XXVIII (28) Autonoe 2 24,046,000 760.95 (r) 0.00057 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae)
Jupiter XXIX (29) Thyone 2 20,939,000 627.21 (r) 0.00066 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXX (30) Hermippe 2 21,131,000 633.9 (r) 0.00065 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXI (31) Aitne 1.5 23,229,000 730.18 (r) 0.00045 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXII (32) Eurydome 1.5 22,865,000 717.33 (r) 0.00045 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXIII (33) Euanthe 1.5 20,797,000 620.49 (r) 0.00050 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXIV (34) Euporie 1 19,304,000 550.74 (r) 0.00036 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXV (35) Orthosie 1 20,720,000 622.56 (r) 0.00033 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXVI (36) Sponde 1 23,487,000 748.34 (r) 0.00029 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXVII (37) Kale 1 23,217,000 729.47 (r) 0.00030 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXVIII (38) Pasithee 1 23,004,000 719.44 (r) 0.00030 2001 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XXXIX (39) Hegemone 1.5 23,577,000 739.88 (r) 0.00044 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter XL (40) Mneme 1 21,035,000 620.04 (r) 0.00033 2003 Gladman, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Jupiter XLI (41) Aoede 2 23,980,000 761.50 (r) 0.00058 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter XLII (42) Thelxinoe 1 21,164,000 628.09 (r) 0.00033 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Jupiter XLIII (43) Arche 1.5 23,355,000 731.95 (r) 0.00044 2002 Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, Tonry Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15][33]
Jupiter XLIV (44) Kallichore 1 23,288,000 728.73 (r) 0.00030 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15]
Jupiter XLV (45) Helike 2 21,069,000 626.32 (r) 0.00065 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Jupiter XLVI (46) Carpo 1.5 17,058,000 456.30 0.00061 2003 Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, Kleyna Prograde irregular (Carpo) [14][15]
Jupiter XLVII (47) Eukelade 2 23,328,000 730.47 (r) 0.00059 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15]
Jupiter XLVIII (48) Cyllene 1 23,809,000 752 (r) 0.00029 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter XLIX (49) Kore 1 24,543,000 779.17 (r) 0.00028 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter L (50) Herse 1 22,983,000 714.51 (r) 0.00030 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][15]
Jupiter LI (51) S/2010 J 1 1 23,314,300 723.2 (r) 0.00030 2010 Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, Alexandersen Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LII (52) S/2010 J 2 0.5 20,307,200 588.1 (r) 0.00017 2010 Veillet Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LIII (53) Dia 2 12,118,000 287.0 0.00114 2000 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Prograde irregular (Himalia) [34]
Jupiter LIV (54) S/2016 J 1 3 20,595,500 602.7 (r) 0.00100 2016 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LV (55) S/2003 J 18 1 20,274,000 588.0 (r) 0.00034 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LVI (56) S/2011 J 2 0.5 23,329,700 726.8 (r) 0.00015 2011 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
Jupiter LVII (57) Eirene 2 23,731,800 759.7 (r) 0.00058 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LVIII (58) Philophrosyne 1 22,820,000 701.3 (r) 0.00030 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
Jupiter LIX (59) S/2017 J 1 2 23,484,000 734.2 (r) 0.00059 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
Jupiter LX (60) Eupheme 1 21,199,710 627.8 (r) 0.00033 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LXI (61) S/2003 J 19 1 22,757,000 697.6 (r) 0.00030 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LXII (62) Valetudo 0.5 18,928,100 532.0 0.00018 2016 Sheppard Prograde irregular (Valetudo) [34]
Jupiter LXIII (63) S/2017 J 2 1 23,241,000 723.8 (r) 0.00030 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LXIV (64) S/2017 J 3 1 20,639,300 605.8 (r) 0.00033 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LXV (65) Pandia 1.5 11,494,800 251.8 (r) 0.00090 2017 Sheppard Prograde irregular (Himalia) [34]
Jupiter LXVI (66) S/2017 J 5 1 23,169,400 720.5 (r) 0.00030 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LXVII (67) S/2017 J 6 1 22,394,700 684.7 (r) 0.00031 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [34]
Jupiter LXVIII (68) S/2017 J 7 1 20,571,500 602.8 (r) 0.00034 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LXIX (69) S/2017 J 8 0.5 23,174,400 720.7 (r) 0.00015 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter LXX (70) S/2017 J 9 1 21,430,000 640.9 (r) 0.00032 2017 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [34]
Jupiter LXXI (71) Ersa 1.5 11,453,000 250.4 (r) 0.00091 2018 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Himalia) [34]
Jupiter LXXII (72) S/2011 J 1 0.5 20,155,300 580.7 (r) 0.00017 2011 Sheppard Retrograde irregular (Carme) [34]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 2 1 20,554,400 602.02 (r) 0.00034 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 4 1 22,048,600 668.85 (r) 0.00031 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, Hsieh Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 9 0.5 24,168,700 767.6 (r) 0.00014 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme) [14][35]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 10 1 22,896,000 707.78 (r) 0.00030 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Carme?) [14][15]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 12 0.5 21,557,700 646.64 (r) 0.00016 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][15]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 16 1 20,512,500 600.18 (r) 0.00034 2003 Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen Retrograde irregular (Ananke) [14][36]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 23 1 24,678,100 792.00 (r) 0.00028 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández Retrograde irregular (Pasiphae) [14][15]
Jupiter — S/2003 J 24 3 23,088,000 715.4 (r) 0.00090 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kleyna, Veillet Retrograde irregular (Carme) [37]
Saturn I (1) Mimas 198.2±0.4 185,540 0.942 10.70414 1789 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
Saturn II (2) Enceladus 252.1±0.2 238,040 1.370 9.63979 1789 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
Saturn III (3) Tethys 533.1±0.7 294,670 1.888 15.50227 1684 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
Saturn IV (4) Dione 561.4±0.4 377,420 2.737 12.09288 1684 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
Saturn V (5) Rhea 763.8±1.0 527,070 4.518 11.20110 1672 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
Saturn VI (6) Titan 2,574.73±0.09 1,221,870 15.95 15.21310 1655 Huygens Main-group moon [14][15]
Saturn VII (7) Hyperion 135 1,500,880 21.28 0.64339 1848 W.Bond, G. Bond, and Lassell Main-group moon [14][15]
Saturn VIII (8) Iapetus 735.6±1.5 3,560,840 79.33 1.44396 1671 Cassini Main-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea) [14][15]
Saturn IX (9) Phoebe 106.5±0.7 12,947,780 550.31 (r) 0.05681 1899 Pickering Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn X (10) Janus 89.5±1.4 151,460 0.695 6.60056 1966 Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed) Inner moon (co-orbital) [14][15]
Saturn XI (11) Epimetheus 58.1±1.8 151,410 0.694 4.28713 1966 Walker; Voyager 1 (confirmed) Inner moon (co-orbital) [14][15]
Saturn XII (12) Helene 17.6±0.4 377,420 2.737 0.37911 1980 Laques, Lecacheux Main-group trojan [14][15]
Saturn XIII (13) Telesto 12.4±0.4 294,710 1.888 0.36052 1980 Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1) Main-group trojan [14][15]
Saturn XIV (14) Calypso 10.7±0.7 294,710 1.888 0.31110 1980 Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, Currie Main-group trojan [14][15]
Saturn XV (15) Atlas 15.1±0.9 137,670 0.602 1.30693 1980 Terrile (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Saturn XVI (16) Prometheus 43.1±2.7 139,380 0.613 3.65177 1980 Collins (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Saturn XVII (17) Pandora 40.7±1.5 141,720 0.629 3.35177 1980 Collins (Voyager 1) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Saturn XVIII (18) Pan 14.1 133,580 0.575 1.28662 1990 Showalter (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Saturn XIX (19) Ymir 9 23,140,400 1,315.58 (r) 0.00268 2000 Gladman Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XX (20) Paaliaq 11 15,200,000 686.95 0.00499 2000 Gladman Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Saturn XXI (21) Tarvos 7.5 17,983,000 926.23 0.00288 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Saturn XXII (22) Ijiraq 6 11,124,000 451.42 0.00373 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Saturn XXIII (23) Suttungr 3.5 19,459,000 1,016.67 (r) 0.00124 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XXIV (24) Kiviuq 8 11,110,000 449.22 0.00498 2000 Gladman Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Saturn XXV (25) Mundilfari 3.5 18,628,000 952.77 (r) 0.00130 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XXVI (26) Albiorix 16 16,182,000 783.45 0.00682 2000 Holman, Spahr Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Saturn XXVII (27) Skathi 4 15,540,000 728.20 (r) 0.00178 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XXVIII (28) Erriapus 5 17,343,000 871.19 0.00199 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Saturn XXIX (29) Siarnaq 20 18,015,400 896.44 0.00766 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Prograde irregular (Inuit) [14][15]
Saturn XXX (30) Thrymr 3.5 20,314,000 1,094.11 (r) 0.00119 2000 Gladman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XXXI (31) Narvi 3.5 19,007,000 1,003.86 (r) 0.00127 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XXXII (32) Methone 1.45 194,440 1.010 0.07319 2004 Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini–Huygens) Alkyonide moon [15]
Saturn XXXIII (33) Pallene 2.22 212,280 1.154 0.09908 2004 Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Alkyonide moon [15]
Saturn XXXIV (34) Polydeuces 1.3 377,200 2.737 0.02802 2004 Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Main-group trojan [15]
Saturn XXXV (35) Daphnis 3.8±0.8 136,500 0.594 0.33381 2005 Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Inner moon (shepherd) [15]
Saturn XXXVI (36) Aegir 3 20,751,000 1,117.52 (r) 0.00100 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XXXVII (37) Bebhionn 3 17,119,000 834.84 0.00121 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (Gallic) [14][15]
Saturn XXXVIII (38) Bergelmir 3 19,336,000 1,005.74 (r) 0.00107 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XXXIX (39) Bestla 3.5 20,192,000 1,088.72 (r) 0.00120 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XL (40) Farbauti 2.5 20,377,000 1,085.55 (r) 0.00085 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XLI (41) Fenrir 2 22,454,000 1,260.35 (r) 0.00061 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XLII (42) Fornjot 3 25,146,000 1,494.2 (r) 0.00082 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XLIII (43) Hati 3 19,846,000 1,038.61 (r) 0.00104 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn XLIV (44) Hyrrokkin 4 18,437,000 931.86 (r) 0.00150 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLV (45) Kari 3.5 22,089,000 1,230.97 (r) 0.00109 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLVI (46) Loge 3 23,058,000 1,311.36 (r) 0.00090 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLVII (47) Skoll 3 17,665,000 878.29 (r) 0.00117 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLVIII (48) Surtur 3 22,704,000 1,297.36 (r) 0.00091 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn XLIX (49) Anthe 0.9 197,700 1.0365 0.04437 2007 Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens) Alkyonide moon [38]
Saturn L (50) Jarnsaxa 3 18,811,000 964.74 (r) 0.00110 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn LI (51) Greip 3 18,206,000 921.19 (r) 0.00114 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn LII (52) Tarqeq 3.5 18,009,000 887.48 0.00134 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Prograde irregular (Inuit) [15]
Saturn LIII (53) Aegaeon 0.33 167,500 0.808 0.02076 2008 Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens G-ring moonlet [39][40]
Saturn LIV (54) Gridr 3 19,418,000 1,010.55 (r) 0.00107 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [41]
Saturn LV (55) Angrboda 3 20,636,000 1,107.13 (r) 0.00100 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [42]
Saturn LVI (56) Skrymir 4 21,163,000 1,149.82 (r) 0.00130 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [43]
Saturn LVII (57) Gerd 4 21,174,000 1,150.69 (r) 0.00130 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [44]
Saturn LVIII (58) S/2004 S 26 4 26,676,000 1,627.18 (r) 0.00103 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [45]
Saturn LIX (59) Eggther 6 19,976,000 1,054.45 (r) 0.00207 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, Jacobson Retrograde irregular (Norse) [46]
Saturn LX (60) S/2004 S 29 4 16,981,000 826.44 0.00163 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (Inuit) [47]
Saturn LXI (61) Beli 3 20,396,000 1,087.84 (r) 0.00101 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [48]
Saturn LXII (62) Gunnlod 4 21,214,000 1,153.96 (r) 0.00130 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [49]
Saturn LXIII (63) Thiazzi 4 24,168,000 1,403.18 (r) 0.00114 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [50]
Saturn LXIV (64) S/2004 S 34 3 24,299,000 1,414.59 (r) 0.00085 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [51]
Saturn LXV (65) Alvaldi 6 22,412,000 1,253.08 (r) 0.00185 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [52]
Saturn LXVI (66) Geirrod 4 21,908,000 1,211.02 (r) 0.00126 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [53]
Saturn — S/2004 S 7 3 20,999,000 1,140.24 (r) 0.00098 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2004 S 12 2.5 19,878,000 1,046.19 (r) 0.00087 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2004 S 13 3 18,404,000 933.48 (r) 0.00112 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2004 S 17 2 19,447,000 1,014.70 (r) 0.00071 2004 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [14][15]
Saturn — S/2004 S 21 3 22,645,000 1,272.61 (r) 0.00091 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [54]
Saturn — S/2004 S 24 3 22,901,000 1,294.25 0.00090 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic) [55]
Saturn — S/2004 S 28 4 22,020,000 1,220.31 (r) 0.00125 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [56]
Saturn — S/2004 S 31 4 17,568,000 869.65 0.00157 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden Prograde irregular (Inuit) [57]
Saturn — S/2004 S 36 3 23,192,000 1,319.07 (r) 0.00089 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [58]
Saturn — S/2004 S 37 4 15,892,000 748.18 (r) 0.00174 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [59]
Saturn — S/2004 S 39 3 23,575,000 1,351.83 (r) 0.00088 2019 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [60]
Saturn — S/2006 S 1 3 18,790,000 963.37 (r) 0.00110 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn — S/2006 S 3 3 22,096,000 1,227.21 (r) 0.00094 2006 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn — S/2007 S 2 3 16,725,000 808.08 (r) 0.00124 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse) [15]
Saturn — S/2007 S 3 3 18,975,000 977.8 (r) 0.00109 2007 Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna Retrograde irregular (Norse?) [15]
Saturn — S/2009 S 1 0.15 117,000 0.471 0.01755 2009 Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–Huygens B-ring moonlet [61]
Saturn — S/2019 S 1 3 11,221,000 443.8 0.00185 2021 Ashton, Gladman, Petit, Alexandersen Prograde irregular (Inuit) [62]
Uranus I (1) Ariel 578.9±0.6 190,900 2.520 24.04417 1851 Lassell Main-group moon [14][15]
Uranus II (2) Umbriel 584.7±2.8 266,000 4.144 16.70601 1851 Lassell Main-group moon [14][15]
Uranus III (3) Titania 788.9±1.8 436,300 8.706 13.19926 1787 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
Uranus IV (4) Oberon 761.4±2.6 583,500 13.46 9.37940 1787 Herschel Main-group moon [14][15]
Uranus V (5) Miranda 235.8±0.7 129,900 1.413 15.50863 1948 Kuiper Main-group moon [14][15]
Uranus VI (6) Cordelia 20.1±3 49,800 0.335 5.65502 1986 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Uranus VII (7) Ophelia 21.4±4 53,800 0.376 5.17391 1986 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon (shepherd) [14][15]
Uranus VIII (8) Bianca 25.7±2 59,200 0.435 5.22195 1986 Smith (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus IX (9) Cressida 39.8±2 61,800 0.464 7.50987 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus X (10) Desdemona 32±4 62,700 0.474 5.89254 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus XI (11) Juliet 46.8±4 64,400 0.493 8.24256 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus XII (12) Portia 67.6±4.0 66,100 0.513 11.40909 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus XIII (13) Rosalind 36±6 69,900 0.558 5.55745 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus XIV (14) Belinda 40.3±8 75,300 0.624 5.54853 1986 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus XV (15) Puck 81±2 86,000 0.762 9.18426 1985 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Uranus XVI (16) Caliban 36.4 7,231,100 579.73 (r) 0.03473 1997 Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [63][15]
Uranus XVII (17) Sycorax 93 12,179,400 1,288.38 (r) 0.05261 1997 Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [63][15]
Uranus XVIII (18) Prospero 25 16,256,000 1,978.29 (r) 0.01059 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XIX (19) Setebos 24 17,418,000 2,225.21 (r) 0.00949 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XX (20) Stephano 16 8,004,000 677.36 (r) 0.01379 1999 Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, Scholl Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XXI (21) Trinculo 9.5 8,504,000 749.24 (r) 0.00770 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XXII (22) Francisco 11 4,276,000 266.56 (r) 0.01779 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, Gladman Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XXIII (23) Margaret 10 14,345,000 1,687.01 0.00480 2003 Sheppard, Jewitt Prograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XXIV (24) Ferdinand 10 20,901,000 2,887.21 (r) 0.00329 2001 Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al. Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Uranus XXV (25) Perdita 15 76,417 0.638 2.02003 1999 Karkoschka (Voyager 2) Inner moon [15]
Uranus XXVI (26) Mab 12 97,736 0.923 1.13999 2003 Showalter, Lissauer Inner moon [15]
Uranus XXVII (27) Cupid 9 74,392 0.613 1.26207 2003 Showalter, Lissauer Inner moon [15]
File:Triton2.jpg
 Neptune I (1) Triton 1,353.4±0.9 354,800 5.877 (r) 28.18266 1846 Lassell Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Neptune II (2) Nereid 170±25 5,513,820 360.14 0.21293 1949 Kuiper Prograde irregular [64][15]
Neptune III (3) Naiad 33±3 48,224 0.294 9.61322 1989 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Neptune IV (4) Thalassa 41±3 50,075 0.311 11.07513 1989 Terrile (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Neptune V (5) Despina 78±4.7 52,526 0.335 19.21905 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Neptune VI (6) Galatea 88±4 61,953 0.429 16.20753 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Neptune VII (7) Larissa 97±3 73,548 0.555 13.63126 1981 Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Neptune VIII (8) Proteus 210±7 117,647 1.122 15.52114 1989 Synnott (Voyager 2) Inner moon [14][15]
Neptune IX (9) Halimede 31 15,728,000 1,879.71 (r) 0.01357 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Neptune X (10) Psamathe 20 46,695,000 9,115.91 (r) 0.00295 2003 Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, Kavelaars Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Neptune XI (11) Sao 22 22,422,000 2,914.07 0.00675 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Prograde irregular [14][15]
Neptune XII (12) Laomedeia 21 23,571,000 3,167.85 0.00613 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Prograde irregular [14][15]
Neptune XIII (13) Neso 30 48,387,000 9,373.99 (r) 0.00426 2002 Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, Milisavljevic Retrograde irregular [14][15]
Neptune XIV (14) Hippocamp 17.4 105,283 0.9362 1.48317 2013 Showalter et al. Inner moon [65]
Orcus I (1) Vanth 221±5 9,000±9 9.539 178.32646[66] 2005 Brown & Suer Synchronous rotation [67]
2003 AZ84 — (unnamed) 72±12 (unknown) (unknown) (unknown) 2005 Brown & Suer [68]
Pluto I (1) Charon 606±0.5 19,591 6.387 225.95169[69] 1978 Christy Synchronous rotation [14][15]
Pluto II (2) Nix 22.5 48,671 24.85 3.25544 2005 Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. Chaotic rotation [14][15]
Pluto III (3) Hydra 27.5 64,698 38.20 2.97537 2005 Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al. Chaotic rotation [14][15]
Pluto IV (4) Kerberos 7 57,729 32.17 0.85066 2011 Showalter (Hubble) Chaotic rotation [14][15][70][71]
Pluto V (5) Styx 5.5 42,393 20.16 0.91691 2012 Showalter (Hubble) Chaotic rotation [14][15][72]
Salacia I (1) Actaea 142±5 5,724±27 5.494 184.52468[73] 2006 Noll et al. [67]
Haumea I (1) Hiʻiaka ≈160 49,880 49.12 22.33209[74] 2005 Brown et al. [8][75][76]
Haumea II (2) Namaka ≈85 25,657 18.2783 23.34213 2005 Brown et al. [8][75][76]
Quaoar I (1) Weywot 37 14,500±800 12.438 19.08427[77] 2007 Brown [78]
Makemake — S/2015 (136472) 1 ≈87.5 >21,000 >12.4 <29.65766[79] 2016 Parker et al. [80][81]
Varda I (1) Ilmarë 163±18[82] 4,809±39 5.751 251.47660[83] 2009 Noll et al. [84]
2013 FY27 — (unnamed) 95 (unknown) (unknown) (unknown) 2018 Sheppard [85]
Gonggong I (1) Xiangliu <100[86] 24,020±200 25.221 44.35325[87] 2010 Marton, Kiss & Müller assuming a prograde orbit [86]
Eris I (1) Dysnomia 350±60[7] 37,273±64 15.786 66.64145[88] 2005 Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al. SDO moon [89]

See also

References

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