Prince Bernhard's titi monkey
| Prince Bernhard's titi[1] | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Pitheciidae |
| Genus: | Plecturocebus |
| Species: | P. bernhardi
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| Binomial name | |
| Plecturocebus bernhardi (van Roosmalen, van Roosmalen and Mittermeier, 2002)
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| Geographic range | |
| Synonyms | |
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Callicebus bernhardi van Roosmalen, van Roosmalen and Mittermeier, 2002 | |
Prince Bernhard's titi monkey (Plecturocebus bernhardi) is a species of titi, within the subfamily Callicebinae. It's a type of New World monkey, endemic to Brazil.[2][3] It was formally described in 2002 by Marc van Roosmalen and Russell Mittermeier, and named after Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands,[4][5][1] a naturalist who created the Order of the Golden Ark honoring conservationists in the world. Local people were shown a photograph of the monkey and asked if they knew of its whereabouts, it was referred to as a "Zog-Zog".[6][7][1]
Physical Characteristics
This titi has dark orange sideburns and chest, a reddish-brown back, and a black tail with a white tip.[8] The fur is soft and long. It is a medium-mid sized monkey. It is about 94 cm (37 in) in length, although 55 cm (22 in) is taken up by its tail.[8][1] Males and females are of equal size. Their weight is 1–2 lb (0.45–0.91 kg). Their brain size is about 34 mm (1.3 in) by 34 mm (1.3 in).[1]
Evolution
Prince Bernhard's titi monkey belongs to the genus Plecturocebus of the New World primates within South America. It was originally described by van Roosmalen et al. in 2002 as Callicebus bernhardi as a part of the C. moloch species group.[1][3]
Habitat and Distribution
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Prince Bernhard's titi monkey mainly resides in the tropics. Typically, South America in forests near water. Prince Bernhard's titi monkey is specifically found in the east of Rio Madeira and Rio Aripuana south of Amazon River. The Prince Bernhard's titi monkey has been spotted living at the Amazon River of Brazil.[6] Prince Bernhard's titi monkey prefers damp, low rainforest canopy. This monkey is arboreal and typically does not go to the forest floor.
Behavior
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The Prince Bernhard's titi monkey has a wide range of behaviors. Behaviors include, tail twining with two individuals wrapping their tails around each other, grooming, playing and moaning and making calls all with a close proximity. There are high-pitched calls and low-pitched calls. The titi monkey itself are typically frugivores and eat other invertebrates like insects and plants as well. The titi monkey uses its fingers and hands to grasp food. The Prince Bernhard's titi monkey lives into its twenties.
Family
Family groups of this monkey are territorial and their young typically leave and venture off after about 2 to 3 years.[citation needed] Family groups are also diurnal sleeping together within the same tree typically every night.[citation needed] This is a monogamous group.[citation needed] The length of the day does however vary with different seasons.[citation needed] Prince Bernhard's titi monkey walks quadrupedally; using all four feet to walk, leaps, jumps and climbs.[9]
Females usually give birth to a single offspring after a 160 day gestation period, birthing one baby a year.[citation needed] Births typically occur within November to March.[citation needed] Males help care take for the baby.[citation needed] Males carry infants rather than females other than when nursing. When nursing, females carry their young.[citation needed]
Intelligence
The titi monkey uses sounds to communicate and have been found observing tools like plastic straws to obtain their food.[citation needed]
Conservation
The Prince Bernhard's titi monkey is of least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List (IUCN).[2] The titi monkey is not threatened nor endangered due to having a relatively large range.[2] Its population is stable.[2]
References
- ^ a b c d e f Van Roosmalen, Marc G. M.; Van Roosmalen, Tomas; Mittermeier, Russell A. (2002). "A taxonomic review of the titi monkeys, genus Callicebus Thomas, 1903, with the description of two new species, Callicebus bernhardi and Callicebus stephennashi, from Brazilian Amazonia". Neotropical Primates. 10 (suppl). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.177.4220.
- ^ a b c d e Röhe, F.; Boubli, J.P. (2018). "Plecturocebus bernhardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T41561A17973161. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T41561A17973161.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b Byrne, Hazel; Rylands, Anthony B.; Carneiro, Jeferson C.; Alfaro, Jessica W. Lynch; Bertuol, Fabricio; da Silva, Maria N. F.; Messias, Mariluce; Groves, Colin P.; Mittermeier, Russell A. (2016-01-01). "Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence". Frontiers in Zoology. 13: 10. doi:10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4. ISSN 1742-9994. PMC 4774130. PMID 26937245.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Lazaroff, Cat (2002-06-24). "Two New Monkeys Found in Amazon Rainforest". Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 142. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ a b "New monkeys found in Brazil in Amazon". 1997-12-28. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
- ^ "Neotropical Primates 10(Suppl.), June 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
- ^ a b Ellis, Richard (2004). No Turning Back: The Life and Death of Animal Species. New York: Harper Perennial. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-06-055804-8.
- ^ Youlatos, Dionisios (1999-10-01). "Comparative locomotion of six sympatric primates in Ecuador". Annales des Sciences Naturelles - Zoologie et Biologie Animale. 20 (4): 161–168. doi:10.1016/S0003-4339(00)88884-X. ISSN 0003-4339.