List of political parties in Spain
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This article serves as a list of the political parties in Spain.
Spain has a multi-party system at both the national and regional level. Nationally, there are five dominant parties: United We Can (Podemos–IU), the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), Citizens - Party of the Citizenry (Cs), the People's Party (PP) and Vox (VOX).
At first a two-party system dominated by the PSOE and the PP,[1] the current makeup makes it difficult for any formation or coalition to achieve an electoral majority in the bicameral Cortes Generales (consisting of both the national Congress of Deputies and regional representation in the Senate). Regional parties can be strong in autonomous communities, like Catalonia and the Basque Country, and are often essential for national government coalitions.
National political formations of Spain
- Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE) — mainstream centre-left social democratic party linked to General Union of Workers (Unión General de Trabajadores, UGT) trade union. Along with its Catalan instance, the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (Partit dels Socialistes de Catalunya, PSC), it currently conforms the largest group in Congress.[2] The party has governed from 1982 to 1996, from 2004 to 2011 and since 2018.
- People's Party (Partido Popular, PP) — mainstream centre-right party, that is conservative, Catholic and economically liberal and which conforms the second-largest group in Congress and leads the parliamentary opposition. It has established alliances with regional right-of-centre parties such as Asturias Forum (Foro Asturias) and Navarrese People's Union (Unión del Pueblo Navarro, UPN). The People's Party originates from the People's Alliance (Alianza Popular, AP) refoundation in 1989.[3] The party has governed from 1996 to 2004 and from 2011 to 2018.
- Vox — a right-wing to far-right, Spanish nationalist party split from the People's Party in 2014[4] whose main ideologies are social and national conservatism, economic liberalism and centralism (i.e. strong opposition to Spain's peripheral nationalisms). Vox opposes LGBT movements in Spain[5] while endorsing anti-LGBT rhetoric abroad,[6][7] rejects european federalism[8] and defends narrowing the naturalisation of immigrant individuals of maghrebi origin.[9] It has allied to other right-wing to far-right political parties from Latin America,[10][11] Italian Brothers of Italy[12] and Hungarian Fidesz.[13]
- United We Can (Unidas Podemos, UP, formerly known as Unidos Podemos) — an anti-austerity left-wing electoral alliance led by the leftist 2014-founded party We Can (Podemos). The alliance is also formed by the United Left (Izquierda Unida, IU), which is associated with Workers' Commissions (Comisiones Obreras, CCOO) trade union, as well as by the green-left Green Alliance (Alianza Verde, AV)[14] and other left-wing parties. This political space is branded differently in Galicia[15] and in Catalonia.[16] United We Can forms a coalition government with PSOE since 2020[17] and is related and overlapping, but not equivalent, to the 2022-founded left-wing electoral platform Unite (Sumar), led by the PCE-affiliated Minister of Labour Yolanda Díaz.[18][19]
- Citizens (Ciudadanos, Cs) — a centre-right[20] liberal and Spanish nationalist party. It supports a high degree of political decentralization, but it rejects autonomous communities' right to self-determination. In 2019, its popular support sharply declined.[21][22] The party has established electoral alliances with the People's Party in Navarre[23] and in the Basque Country.[24]
- More Country (Más País, MP) — a progressive green party originated around the Madrid-based More Madrid (Más Madrid, MM) party in 2019. More Madrid itself originates from Madrid Now (Ahora Madrid) a local We Can-related alliance.[25] The party has an electoral alliance with the ecologist Greens Equo (Verdes Equo, Q)[26] party and the left-wing valencianist Commitement (Compromís) coalition.[27] More Country and Greens Equo have also joined United We Can member parties in Andalusia.[28]
Political parties with parliamentary representation
Represented in the Congress of Deputies
| Party or coalition | Position | Ideology | Leader | Results (November 2019) | Status | Coalition partners | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | Seats in Congress | Seats in Senate | ||||||||
| National parties | ||||||||||
|
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) Partido Socialista Obrero Español |
Centre-left | Social democracy, Pro-Europeanism |
Pedro Sánchez Castejón | 6,752,983 votes, 28.00% | 120 / 350
|
114 / 265
|
Government | PSOE (108) PSC (12) | |
|
People's Party (PP), Partido Popular |
Centre-right to right-wing |
Conservatism, Christian democracy |
Alberto Núñez Feijóo | 5,019,869 votes, 20.82% | 89 / 350
|
100 / 265
|
Opposition | PP (88) FAC (1) | |
|
Vox (Vox), Vox |
Right-wing to far-right |
National conservatism, Right-wing populism |
Santiago Abascal Conde | 3,640,063 votes, 15.09% | 52 / 350
|
3 / 265
|
Opposition | ||
|
United We Can (UP), Unidas Podemos |
Left-wing | Democratic socialism, Left-wing populism, Republicanism, Federalism |
Yolanda Díaz Pérez | 3,097,185 votes, 12.84% | 35 / 350
|
0 / 265
|
Government | Podemos (26) IU (5) Catalunya en Comú (3) Independent (1) | |
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|
Citizens (Cs), Ciudadanos |
Centre-right | Liberalism, Spanish nationalism |
Inés Arrimadas García | 1,637,540 votes, 6.79% | 10 / 350
|
3 / 265
|
Opposition | ||
|
More Country-Equo (MP-EQUO), Más País-Equo |
Centre-left to left-wing | Green politics, Progressivism |
Íñigo Errejón Galván | 582,306 votes 2.40% | 3 / 350
|
1 / 265
|
Confidence and supply | MP-Equo (2) Més Compromís (1) | |
| Regional parties | ||||||||||
|
Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí), Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya–Catalunya Sí |
Centre-left to left-wing |
Catalan separatism, Social democracy |
Oriol Junqueras i Vies | 869,934 votes, 3.61% | 13 / 350
|
14 / 265
|
Confidence and supply | ||
|
Together for Catalonia (JxCat), Junts per Catalunya |
Centre-right | Catalan separatism, Liberalism |
Albert Batet i Canadell | 527,375 votes, 2.19% | 8 / 350
|
5 / 265
|
Opposition | ||
| Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Euzko Alderdi Jeltzalea, Partido Nacionalista Vasco, Parti Nationaliste Basque |
Centre | Basque nationalism, Christian democracy |
Andoni Ortuzar Arruabarrena | 377,423 votes, 1.57% | 6 / 350
|
10 / 265
|
Confidence and supply | |||
|
Basque Country Unite (EHB), Euskal Herria Bildu |
Left-wing to far-left |
Basque separatism, Progressivism |
Arnaldo Otegi Mondragón | 276.519 votes, 1.15% | 5 / 350
|
2 / 265
|
Confidence and supply | Sortu (1) Alternatiba (1) | |
|
Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR), Candidatura d'Unitat Popular |
Left-wing to far-left | Catalan separatism, Anti-capitalism |
Mireia Vehí i Cantenys | 246,971 votes, 1.02% | 2 / 350
|
0 / 265
|
Opposition | ||
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|
Commitment Coalition (Compromis), Coalició Compromis |
Left-wing | Valencian nationalism, Eco-socialism |
Joan Baldoví i Roda | 173,821 votes, 0.66% | 1 / 350
|
1 / 265
|
Confidence and supply | ||
|
Canarian Coalition (CC–PNC), Coalición Canaria |
Centre to centre-right |
Canarian nationalism, Conservatism |
Ana María Oramas González-Moro | 137,664 votes, 0.53% | 2 / 350
|
1 / 265
|
Opposition | ||
|
Galician Nationalist Bloc (BNG), Bloque Nacionalista Galego |
Left-wing | Galician separatism, Socialism |
Ana Belén Pontón Mondelo | 120,456 votes 0.5% | 1 / 350
|
0 / 265
|
Opposition | ||
|
Sum Navarre (NA+), Navarra Suma |
Centre-right to right-wing |
Regionalism, Christian democracy, Conservatism |
José Javier Esparza Abaurrea | 107,619 votes, 0.41% | 2 / 350
|
1 / 265
|
Opposition | UPN (2) | |
| Regionalist Party of Cantabria (PRC), Partido Regionalista de Cantabria |
Centre to centre-left |
Progressivism, Cantabrian regionalism |
Miguel Ángel Revilla Roiz | 52,266 votes, 0.20% | 1 / 350
|
1 / 265
|
Confidence and supply | |||
| Teruel Exists (TE), ¡Teruel existe! |
Big tent | Regionalism, | Tomás José Guitarte Gimeno | 246,971 votes, 0.08% | 1 / 350
|
2 / 265
|
Confidence and supply | |||
Represented in regional parliaments
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Political parties without representation
- Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (Partido Animalista Contra el Maltrato Animal, PACMA) (2003–present) — a centre-left party focused on the fight for animal rights, the environment and social justice. The party seeks to ban all sorts of bullfighting events.
- Falange Española de las JONS (FE-JONS) (1976–present)
- Libertarian Party (Partido Libertario, P-LIB) (2009–present)
- Escaños en Blanco [es] (2010–present)
- National Alliance (Alianza Nacional) (2006–present)
- For a Fairer World (Por un Mundo Más Justo, PM+J) (2004–present)
- Zero Cuts (2014–present)
- Green group (1994–present)
- Humanist Party (Partido Humanista, PH) (1984–present)
- Carlist Party (Partido Carlista) (1970–present)
- Comunión Tradicionalista Carlista [es] (1986–present)
- Pirate Party (Partido Pirata) (2006–present)
- Internet Party (Partido de Internet) (2009–present)
- Authentic Phalanx (Falange Auténtica) (2002–present)
- Confederation of the Greens (Confederación de los Verdes) (1984–present)
- Anticapitalists (Anticapitalistas) (1995–present)
- Land Party (Partido da Terra) (2011–present)
- Overwhelmed and Annoyed Citizens
- Citizens for Blank Votes
- Cannabis Party
- Party of the Democratic Karma
- Alianza para el Desarrollo y la Naturaleza
- Iniciativa Socialista de Izquierdas
- Los Parados
- Los Verdes Ecopacifistas
- Nueva Izquierda Verde
- Nuevo Partido por la Democracia[30][31]
- Socialist Action Party (PASOC)
- Partido Familia y Vida (PFyV)
- Actúa (2017–present)
- Partido de los Autónomos Jubilados y Viudas
- Republican Alternative (2013–present)
- Partido Ibérico
- Partido Mutuo Apoyo Romántico
- Solidaridad y Autogestión Internacionalista (SAIn)
- Foro Centro y Democracia (CYD)
- Muerte al Sistema (+MAS+)[32]
- SOMOS España
- Volt Spain (2018–present)
Communist parties
- Communist Unification of Spain (1973–present)
- Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) (1973–present)
- Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) (1984–present)
- Communist Party of Spain (Marxist-Leninist) (2006–present)
- Revolutionary Left (2017–present)
- Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) (2019–present)
- Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) (1980–present)
- Internationalist Struggle (LI) (1999–present)
Nationalist parties
- National Democracy (1995–present)
- España 2000 (2002–present)
- Spanish Alternative (2003–present)
- Party for Freedom (2013–present)
Regionalist parties
Andalusia
Asturias
- Partíu Asturianista (1985–present)
- Andecha Astur (1990–present)
- Asturian Left (1992–present)
- Unidad Regionalista Asturiana
- Bloc for Asturias
- Coalición Asturiana
- Unidá
Basque Country
- Zutik
- Zornotza Eginez (local)
Cantabria
- Cantabrian Nationalist Council (1995–present)
Castile and León
- Partido de El Bierzo (1979–present)
- Partido Regionalista del País Leonés (1980–present)
- Unidad Regionalista de Castilla y León (1992–present)
- Izquierda Castellana (2002–present)
- Agrupación de Electores Independientes Zamoranos
- Partido de Castilla y León (PCAL) [es]
Catalonia
- Estat Català (1922–present)
- Pirate Party of Catalonia (Pirata.cat)
- National Front of Catalonia (2013–present)
Extremadura
- United Extremadura (1980–present)
Galicia
- Galician People's Front (1986–present)
Madrid
Navarre
- Batzarre (1987–present)
Defunct parties
Defunct major parties
- People's Socialist Party (1968–1978)
- National Union (1979–1982)
- People's Alliance, refounded as People's Party (1976–1989)
- Liberal Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1976–1989)
- People's Democratic Party, absorbed into the People's Party (1982–1989)
- Union of the Democratic Centre (1977–1983), refounded as Democratic and Social Centre (1982–2006) (merged into PP)
- Euskadiko Ezkerra, absorbed into Socialist Party of the Basque Country (1977–1993)
- Majorca Socialist Party, absorbed into PSM–Nationalist Agreement
- Democratic Reformist Party (1983–1986)
- Valencian Union (1982–2014)
- Andalusian Party (1965–2015)
- Herri Batasuna (1978–2001), refounded as Batasuna (2001–2013), the political branch of ETA, illegal
- Euskal Herritarrok (1998–2003), banned
- Communist Party of the Basque Homelands (2002–2008), outlawed
- Convergence and Union (1978–2015)
- Aralar (2000–2017)
- Nafarroa Bai (2004–2015)
- Amaiur (2011–2015)
- Platform for Catalonia (2002–2019) (merged into Vox)
- Union, Progress and Democracy (2007–2020)
Defunct minor parties
- National Alliance July 18 (1977)
- Spanish Solidarity (1982–1984)
- Republican Social Movement (1999–2018)
- Basque Nationalist Action (1930-2008), outlawed
- Askatasuna (1998–2009), banned
- Herritarren Zerrenda (2004), banned
- Demokrazia Hiru Milioi (2009), outlawed
- Partido Galeguista (1977–1984)
- Galician Coalition (1983–2012)
- Commoners' Land (1988–2009)
- Alianza por la Unidad Nacional (1995–2005) (Merged into National Alliance)
- Spanish Democratic Party (1996–2008)
- Nós–Unidade Popular (2001–2015)
- Cantabrian Unity (2002–2011)
- Union of the Salamancan People (2002–2014)
- Another Democracy is Possible (2003–2006)
- National Front (2006–2011)
- Unión Centrista Liberal (1978–2014)
Historical parties
- Moderate Party (1834–1874)
- Progressive Party (1834–1874)
- Democratic Party (1849–1869)
- Liberal Union (1858–1874)
- Moderate Party (1834–1874)
- Progressive Party (1834–1874)
- Democratic Party (1849–1869)
- Liberal Union (1858–1874)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Radical Democratic Party (1871–1880)
- Federal Democratic Republican Party (1868–1912)
- Constitutional Party (1872–1880)
- Conservative Party (1876–1931)
- Liberal Party (1880–1931)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
- Republican Nationalist Federal Union (1910–1917)
- Republican–Socialist Conjunction (1909–1919)
- Maurist Party (1913–1930)
- Reformist Party (1912–1924)
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- Spanish Patriotic Union (1924–1930)
- National Front
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
- Popular Action (1930–1933)
- Spanish Agrarian Party (1934–1936)
- Spanish Nationalist Party (1930–1936)
- Spanish Renovation (1933–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
- Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas (1933–1937)
- Popular Front
- Republican Left (1934–1959)
- Republican Union (1934–1958)
- Syndicalist Party (1934–1976)
- Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (1935–1980)
- Radical Republican Party (1908–1936)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Falange Española (1933–1934)
- Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional-Sindicalista (1931–1934)
- Regionalist League of Catalonia (1901–1936)
- Radical Socialist Republican Party (1929–1934)
- Liberal Republican Right (1930–1936)
- Republican Action (1925–1934)
- Conservative Republican Party (1932–1936)
- Party of the Democratic Centre (1936–1939)
- Falange Española Tradicionalista y de las Juntas de Ofensiva Nacional Sindicalista (1937–1977)
- Falange Española de las JONS (1934–1937)
- Traditionalist Communion (1869–1937)
See also
- Politics of Spain
- List of political parties by country
- List of political parties in Catalonia
- List of political parties in Galicia
- Liberalism and radicalism in Spain
- Republicanism in Spain
- Anarchism in Spain
- The far-right in Spain
- Federalism in Spain
- Parties and factions in Isabelline Spain
- List of registered political parties in Spain by geographic location
References
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{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "Vox estrecha lazos con derecha peruana y suma firmas a su pacto anticomunista". SWI swissinfo.ch (in Spanish). Retrieved 2022-08-01.
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