Jump to content

Political strongman

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Dondie (talk | contribs) at 18:40, 24 November 2022 (→List). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

A strongman is a type of an authoritarian political leader. Political scientists Brian Lai and Dan Slater identify strongman rule as a form of authoritarian rule characterized by autocratic dictatorships depending on military enforcement, as distinct from three other categories of authoritarian rule, specifically machine (oligarchic party dictatorships); bossism (autocratic party dictatorships); and juntas (oligarchic military dictatorships).[1]

A 2014 study published in the Annual Review of Political Science journal found that strongmen and juntas are both more likely to engage in human rights violations and civil wars than civilian dictatorships.[2] However, military strongmen are more belligerent than military regimes or civilian dictatorships—i.e., they are more likely to initiate interstate armed conflict.[2] It is theorized that this is because strongmen have greater reason to fear assassination, imprisonment, or exile after being removed from power.[2] The rule of military strongmen is more likely to end through an insurgency, popular uprising, or invasion; by contrast, the rule of military regimes and civilian dictatorships are more likely to end in democratization.[2]

List

Leaders that have been classified by political scientists as strongmen include:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Institutions of the Offensive: Domestic Sources of Dispute Initiation in Authoritarian Regimes, 1950–1992". American Journal of Political Science. 50 (1): 113–126. 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2006.00173.x. JSTOR 3694260. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
  2. ^ a b c d Geddes, Barbara; Frantz, Erica; Wright, Joseph G. (2014). "Military Rule". Annual Review of Political Science. 17: 147–162. doi:10.1146/annurev-polisci-032211-213418.
  3. ^ Jessica L. P. Weeks, Dictators at War and Peace (Cornell University Press, 2014), pp. 76–80.
  4. ^ Hamid, Shadi (26 June 2017). "How Much Can One Strongman Change a Country?". The Atlantic. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  5. ^ Skondrianos, Nikolaos (6 July 2021). "Will US and EU pressure soften Erdogan's brand of strongman rule?". Australian Strategic Policy Institute. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  6. ^ Baranovitch, Nimrod (4 March 2021). "A Strong Leader for A Time of Crisis: Xi Jinping's Strongman Politics as A Collective Response to Regime Weakness". Journal of Contemporary China. 30 (128): 249–265. doi:10.1080/10670564.2020.1790901. ISSN 1067-0564. S2CID 225532315.
  7. ^ "Belarus strongman Lukashenko marks 25 years in power | DW | 10 July 2019". Deutsche Welle. Archived from the original on 10 July 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2020.
  8. ^ Ellis-Petersen, Hannah (19 November 2021). "'The strongman blinks': why Narendra Modi has backed down to farmers". The Guardian.
  9. ^ Michael L. Conniff & Gene E. Bigler, Modern Panama: From Occupation to Crossroads of the Americas (Cambridge University Press, 2019), p. 29.
  10. ^ Kagan, Robert (19 March 2019). "The strongmen strike back". Brookings. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Hun Sen: Cambodia's strongman prime minister". BBC News. 27 July 2018.
  12. ^ Neuman, Scott (27 January 2008). "Longtime Indonesian Strongman Suharto Dies at 86". NPR.
  13. ^ Michael L. Conniff, Panama and the United States: The End of the Alliance (University of Georgia Press: 3d ed. 2012), p. 140.
  14. ^ The New York Times: VARGAS ADOPTED 'STRONG MAN' ROLE; Held Power Longer Than Any Other Brazilian President -- Popular With the People
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Political_strongman&oldid=1123618130"