Ejnar Mikkelsen
Ejnar Mikkelsen | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Royal Inspector of East Greenland | |
| In office 1933–1950 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 23, 1880 Vester-Brønderslev, Jutland, Denmark |
| Died | May 1, 1971 (age 90) Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Occupation | Explorer, Author, Administrator |
Ejnar Mikkelsen (1880–1971) was a Danish polar explorer and author. He is most known for his expeditions to Greenland.
Biography
Mikkelsen was born in Vester Brønderslev, Jutland. He served in the Georg Carl Amdrup expedition to Christian IX Land, East Greenland (1900), and in the Baldwin-Ziegler North Pole Expedition to Franz Joseph Land (1900–02).[1]
With Ernest de Koven Leffingwell he organized the Anglo-American polar expedition which wintered off Flaxman Island, Alaska, in 1906–07. They lost their ship, but in a sledge journey over the ice they located the continental shelf of the Arctic Ocean, 65 miles (105 km) offshore, where in 2 miles (3 km) the sea increased from 50 meters (164 ft) to more than 690 meters (2264 ft) in depth.[2]
Organizing an expedition to map out the northeast coast of Greenland, to recover the bodies of Mylius-Erichsen, leader of the ill-fated Denmark expedition and the expedition's cartographer, Niels Peter Høeg Hagen, and their records, Mikkelsen wintered 1909–10 at Shannon Island, East Greenland. His wooden ship, the Alabama, was trapped in the ice of Shannon and, while he was exploring, the rest of the party returned home on a whaler. Remaining with his engineer, Iver Iversen, Mikkelsen succeeded by a series of hazardous sledge journeys in recovering the lost records in a cairn at the head of Danmark Fjord:
... the Peary Channel does not exist.[3]
Hence, he rebutted the existence of a hypothetical sound or marine channel running from east to west separating Peary Land in northernmost Greenland from the mainland further south.[4]
The two explorers returned to Shannon island to find the crew gone but they had salvaged timbers and planking and erected a small cottage. Mikkelsen and Iversen then spent two winters at the cottage before they were rescued, in the direst of extremities, by a Norwegian whaler in summer 1912.[2] The so-called Alabama cottage has survived and was photographed during a visit by Danish Navy inspection ship Ejnar Mikkelsen in September 2010.[5]
In 1924, he led an expedition to settle what later came to be Scoresbysund.[2] In 1932, he led the 'Second East-Greenland Expedition of the Scoresbysund Committee' that carried out the first archaeological excavations on the Skaergaard intrusion by the shores of the Kangerlussuaq Fjord.[6] In 1970, on his 90th birthday a national tribute was paid to him in Denmark; he died in Copenhagen a few months later on 1 May 1971.[7] In 2009 the Royal Danish Navy named the second Knud Rasmussen class patrol vessel the HDMS Ejnar Mikkelsen.[8] The Ejnar Mikkelsen Range is named after him.[9]
Works
- Conquering the Arctic Ice (London, 1909)
- Lost in the Arctic (1913). Some of his Greenland expeditions are recounted here.
- Mylius-Erichsen's Report on the Non-Existence of Peary's Channel (1913)
- Tre Aar par Grönlands Ostkyst (1914)
- Norden For Lov og Ret, a story (1920)
- translated as Frozen Justice (1922)
- John Dale, a novel (1921)
- Farlig Tomansfaerd (1955)
- translated as Two Against the Ice, (1957)
Awards
- 1933 Hans Egede Medal of the Royal Danish Geographical Society.[10]
- 1935 Patron's Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society
In popular culture
The film Against the Ice, released on March 2, 2022, depicts Mikkelsen's most famous ordeal. He was portrayed by Nikolaj Coster-Waldau.
See also
References
- ^ * Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana.
- ^ a b c Mills, William James (2003) "Mikkelsen, Ejnar (1880–1971)" Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1 pp 426 ff, ABC-CLIO ISBN 1-57607-422-6, ISBN 978-1-57607-422-0
- ^ Spencer Apollonio, Lands That Hold One Spellbound: A Story of East Greenland, 2008 p. 128
- ^ Koch, L. (1925). "The Question of Peary Channel". Geographical Review. 15 (4): 643–649. doi:10.2307/208628. JSTOR 208628.
- ^ Danish Armed Forces, FORSVARET, Greenland Command, press release, 11 September 2010, Ejnar Mikkelsen back at Shannon Island after 98 years Archived 2012-03-30 at the Wayback Machine Google translate, 26 Sept 2010.
- ^ Skaergaard history
- ^ "Captain Einar Mikkelsen." Times [London, England] 5 May 1971: 18. The Times Digital Archive. Web. 22 Mar. 2014.
- ^ "Update: Denmark's Arctic Assets and Canada's Response — Northern Deployment 2009: Danish Navy & CCG in the High Arctic". Canadian American Strategic Review. September 2009. Archived from the original on 2009-10-07.
- ^ "Ejnar Mikkelsen Fjeld". Mapcarta. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
- ^ (in Danish)
Further reading
- Meddelelser om Grønland (50 volumes, Copenhagen, 1876–1912)
- Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). . Encyclopedia Americana.
External links
