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List of former mosques in Greece

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This is a list of former mosques in Greece. It lists former mosques (Template:Lang-ar, Template:Lang-el, Template:Lang-tr) and places of worship for Muslims in Greece. It lists some but by no means all of the old historical mosques of Greece. The term former mosque in this list includes any Muslim mosque (building) or site used for Islamic Prayer (Salah) in Greece but is not so any longer. For currently open, functioning mosques in Greece see List of mosques in Greece.

Mosques have existed within the borders of modern Greece since the era of Emirate of Crete (824-961). But no mosques of the Emirate remain as they were torn down and remaining Muslims either killed, enslaved or converted to Christianity after the Byzantine reconquest of Crete (961).[1][2] Therefore currently the oldest mosque in Greece and the entire Balkan peninsula is believed to be the Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque, the first in Didymoteicho (Western Thrace) built between 1389-1402.[3]

Most of the listed former mosques date from the late 14th century to the early 20th century, when various parts of modern Greece was at some point a part of the Ottoman Empire.[3] Beyond the new mosques built during Ottoman period, several Christian churches throughout Greece were also converted to mosques over time upon conquest, like the church of Hagios Demetrios in Thessalonica.[4] Those were gradually converted back to churches following Greece's independence and annexation of other regions.

Many Ottoman mosques and the other Muslim monuments, especially in southern Greece, were either destroyed during the Greek War of Independence in the 1820s and successive wars and conflicts. During periods of nationalist uprising and wars against the Ottoman and later the Turkish army, the newly independent Greek nation showed little respect for the monuments of a faith identified with the enemy.[3] A number of Ottoman mosques were confiscated and repurposed for use as government offices, churches, and other civilian purposes.

Many more mosques in Greece were closed or abandoned due to the 1923 Population exchange between Greece and Turkey. As a result, 355,000 to 400,000 Muslims left Greece,[5] most of them forcibly made to leave their lands, livelihoods, and mosques.

Many former mosques and other religious buildings also survived in the provinces of Macedonia, Thrace, Crete, and the islands of the Dodecanese which were integrated into the Greek State in the early 20th century. By then there was already a law for the protection of religious buildings of all faiths.[3]

The surviving former mosques or other religious structures are nowadays protected as monuments.[3] A number of them are still used as government buildings and churches, while many others have been restored and used as museums, exhibition, and concerts centers and as tourist attractions.[3]

Mosque buildings

List of former mosques in Attica and Central Greece

List of former mosques in Attica that encompasses the entire metropolitan area of Athens, and the rest of the Central Greece which encompasses Attica.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Emir Zade Museum Emir Zade Mosque (Greek: Εμίρ Ζαδέ Τζαμί) Chalcis 15th century 1821 After the Greek War of Independence in 1821 it was converted into a barracks, and later it was declared a historical monument. Today it houses part of the medieval archaeological collection of Chalcis. [6]
Fethiye Mosque Museum Fethiye Mosque (English:Mosque of the Conquest, Template:Lang-el, Template:Lang-tr), Wheat Market Mosque Athens 15th Century 1830 One of the most important monuments from Ottoman Greece period still existing in Athens. Reportedly mosque first opened in 15th century on ruins of a Byzantine Christian basilica. Current mosque built in 1668-1670. Mosque was repurposed after 1834 Greek independence and fell into disrepair. Renovated and open to public for cultural exhibitions since 2017. [7][8]
Gazi Omer Bey Mosque Livadeia Late 15th century 1830 After the city was conquered in 1460, Omer Bey had a mosque erected in the bazaar district. Since 2015, the mosque belongs to the municipality of Livadeia, which intends to carry out a restoration project and create a cultural place. [9]
Annexe of Museum of Greek Folk Art Tzistarakis Mosque (Template:Lang-tr), 'Mosque of the Lower Fountain’ Athens 1759 1830 Mosque built by Mustafa Agha Tzisdarakis, the Ottoman governor or commander of Athens Fortress in the heart of town market in Monastiraki Square. After Greece's independence in 1830, mosque was used for various purposes. The state restored it in 1918 and using it as a museum. [7][8]
Parthenon Parthenon mosque Athens early 18th century 1843 After the destruction of the Parthenon, which was already used as a mosque, in 1687, a smaller, free-standing mosque was erected inside the ruined shell of the temple. It was itself demolished in 1843, over a decade after Greece had achieved independence. [10]

List of former mosques in Central Macedonia

List of former mosques in Central Macedonia administrative region.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Alaca Imaret Mosque English: Alatza Imaret in Thessaloniki Thessaloniki 1484 or 1487 Today the building is being used for temporary exhibitions, artistic and cultural events. [11]
Hamza Bey Mosque Thessaloniki 15th century Since 1923, the minaret was removed and the building no longer functioned as a mosque. It was taken over by the Greek Ministry of Culture in 2006.
Lembet Mosque Ferideh Hanım Mosque Thessaloniki 1903 1912 It was the very last mosque to be opened in Thessaloniki in 1903, less than a decade before the Ottomans lost the city to the Kingdom of Greece in 1912 during the Balkan Wars. It was then used by the Greek army for almost a century. Restoration works began in 2011. [12]
Mahmud Çelebi Mosque Veria Not open for worship. The minaret collapsed in 1940, and only the base remains today. [13]
Medrese Mosque Veria After 1430 1920s After the Ottoman conquest of the city in 1430, the Ottomans converted the church of Saint Paul into the Mosque of Musa Çelebi. That building was torn down, and its material was used for the current structure, erected on the same site. It is Veria's best-preserved mosque, but it is not open for worship today. [14]
Mehmet Bey Mosque (Template:Lang-el) Serres 1492-1493 Built by Mehmed Bey, son of the grand vizier Gedik Ahmed Pasha in 1492-1493. The mosque and mausoleum of İsmail Bey was left abandoned and ceased to function as a mosque sometime in the late 19th century due to flooding from the nearby river. Neglected and unused today. [15]
Orta Mosque Veria Late 15th century After 1923 Orta Mosque, or "middle mosque" was built in the centre of the town. The mosque was declared a preserved monument in 1938, but has variously been used as a house, a musical instruments workshop and a stonemason’s workshop.. Now it lies abandoned in ruins, with plant life growing all over it.
Yeni Mosque Museum Yeni Mosque Edessa Mid 17th century 1920s The mosque was mentioned by Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi, and it is Edessa's sole surviving mosque. The mosque was made into a museum in 1942, and it is open to visitors today. [16]
Yeni Mosque Thessaloniki 1902 1925 Yeni Mosque was built by Italian architect Vitaliano Poselli in 1902. After the population exchange between Greece and Turkey, it was used to house the Archaeological Museum of Thessaloniki in 1925. Today it serves as an exhibition center. [17]
Zincirli Mosque Serres Late 16th century Mid 1920s The architecture and layout of the building are typical of the late 16th century, following the school of Mimar Sinan. The mosque underwent restoration works in 2000, but it is not open for worship. [18]

List of former mosques in Crete

List of former mosques in Crete, the largest and most populous of the Greek islands.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Ierapetra Mosque Ierapetra 1891 It was probably erected around 1891-1892, perhaps on the site of a previous mosque or a church. [19]
Kara Musa Pasha Mosque Rethymno 1660s-1680s 1920s Converted from an old Venetian monastery, it has been restored and will probably open as a museum of Ottoman Cretan architecture.
Küçük Hasan Pasha Mosque English: Mosque of the Janissaries, Greek: Gialisi Tzami, Turkish: Küçük Hasan Pasha Camii Janissaries Mosque, Chania Chania 1645 Best preserved former mosque in Chania city. Built by Ottomans honoring Kucuk Hasan Pasha. Presumed to be built on a preexisting Christian temple. The mosque has a large semispherical dome supported by stone arches. The north and west sides house a gallery that is crowned by six small domes. The gallery used to be open, as used in the mosques but was enclosed with arched openings in the late 19th century. [20]
Neradje Mosque Narenciye Camii Rethymno 1890 1924 Following the Greco-Turkish population exchange and the departure of Muslims from Crete, Neradje was used as a music school. [21]
Saint Titus Cathedral Yeni Mosque Heraklion 1869 1925 The original building was a converted church which was destroyed. The current building was erected as a mosque in 1869, and converted into a church in 1925. [22]

List of former mosques in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace

List of former mosques in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace administrative region.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Arap Mosque Drama 1850-1875 after 1923 It was left neglected and abandoned for close one hundred years, during which time it was entirely engulfed by other buildings, before restoration works began in 2021. [23]
Bayezid Mosque Çelebi Sultan Mehmed Mosque Didymoteicho 1420 1920 The mosque is considered by Greek government officials one of the most important Muslim monuments in Greece, as it is the oldest mosque on Greek soil, and perhaps the oldest in the Balkans as well. It no longer functions as a mosque, but it is under extensive restoration work. [24]
Halil Bey Mosque Kavala 1530s 1923 Following the departure of Kavala's Muslims, it was used as a music school and thus dubbed "Music Mosque" or "Old Music". Now functions as a museum. [25]
Saint Nicholas Ibrahim Pasha Mosque Kavala 1530 1920s Once the largest mosque in the town of Kavala, in the early 1920s it was converted into a church and now serves the Christian population. [26]
Muhammad Ali Pasha Mosque Kavala 1813 1923 Mosque part of the Imaret complex in Kavala built by and named in honour of Muhammad Ali Pasha, a Kavala native. The imaret now works as a hotel.
Selvili Mosque Komotini Only the half-destroyed minaret remains of the structure, the actual mosque having been long demolished. [27]
Yunus Bey Mosque Komotini Unknown It is not clear when this mosque was built. It is mostly in a ruinous state, with no roof or doors. It is used as a playground for children. [28]

List of former mosques in Epirus

List of former mosques in Epirus (region) in northwestern Greece.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Aslan Pasha Mosque - Municipal Museum Aslan Pasha Mosque, Template:Lang-el) Ioannina 1618 The core of a large Islamic religious-educational complex. Only the mosque, Mendreses (Seminary), Homonym Tourbes (mausoleum), and Mageiria (hearth and home) survive today. Mosque interior is preserved with beautiful Minbar (pulpit) and Mihrab (prayer niche). The museum collection includes artifacts from the era of Ali Pasha, bronze objects, and Islamic books. [29]
Faik Pasha Mosque Arta Mid or late 15th century 1881 It was probably erected on the site of a previous Byzantine church. After Arta's annexation in 1881, it briefly functioned as a church dedicated to Saint John the Russian. It was declared a preserved monument in 1938 and now is under repair works. It is not open for worship.
Fethiye Mosque Ioannina 1611 The original mosque was built in 1430, on the site of a church. It was extensively remodelled in 1795 by Ali Pasha of Ioannina, who made it the main mosque of his palace. The graves of Ali's family and of Ali himself are located before the mosque. [30][31]
Feyzullah Mosque Arta 15th century (?) One of the two surviving mosques in Arta, it was named after its founder, Feyzullah. Although it was declared a preserved archaeological site, it mostly lies in ruins, abandoned and neglected. [32]
Veli Pasha Mosque Ioannina 16th century 1913 Originally built by Veli Pasha of Ioannina on the site of a Byzantine church dedicated to Saint Stephen. Shortly after Greece's annexation of Ioannina in 1913, it was converted into a barracks. Today it houses the National Defense Museum of Ioannina [33]

List of former mosques in the North and South Aegean

List of former mosques located in the Aegean Islands, the group of islands in the Aegean Sea between mainland Greece and Turkey, split between the North Aegean and South Aegean administrative regions.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Chios Byzantine Museum Mecidiye Mosque Chios 19th century After 1923 The mosque served the Turkish community of the island of Chios before they were forced to leave during the population exchange. During the years 2006 to 2010 the museum underwent repair work, so it remained closed. The museum houses Christian and Byzantine sculptures in its yard, as well as exhibits from the Genoese and Ottoman periods. [34]
Mehmet Aga Mosque Rhodes 1819 Mid 20th century Built on one of the busiest streets of Rhodes. Remodelled and renovated several time since its erection, not open for worship. [35]
Kastellorizo Folk Art Museum Kavos Mosque Kastellorizo 1775 1948 Originally built on the site of a Christian church, since 2007 it houses the Historical Collection of Kastellorizo, encompassing of several photographic and document material. [36]
Osmaniye Mosque Chios 1892 1923 The mosque was officially registered by Greek Ministry of Culture as a cultural landmark on January 21, 1983. In 1997, the mosque was repaired and renovated by the Greek government and made available for hosting exhibitions and various cultural events. [37]
Recep Pasha Mosque Rhodes 1588 It has been left neglected in a ruinous state, as part after part collapsed, due to lack of funds. The portico and the minaret no longer survive.
Suleymaniye Museum Suleymaniye Mosque Rhodes 1808 Built on the site of an older mosque. It currently functions as a museum. [35]
Valide Mosque (Greek: Βαλιντέ Τζαμί) Mytilene 1615 Located in Epano Skala which was a predominantly Turkish section within the port city of Mytilene, the capital of Lesbos Island. The mosque is a stone-built, one-story building with a marble staircase. Features a stone-paved front yard with a fountain embellished with engraved arabesques. The interior roof of the mosque used to be colorfully painted but the roof was painted brown after the Turks left the city. [38]
Yeni Mosque Mytilene c. 1825 after 1923 Located in Epano Skala like Valide Mosque, which was a predominantly Turkish section within the port city of Mytilene, the capital of Lesbos Island. After the population exchange, the Turkish community of Lesbos departed. The mosque was restored in 2011.

List of former mosques in Thessaly

List of former mosques in Thessaly administrative region near central Greece. The region was under the Ottoman controls for four and a half centuries, until 1881. As such many former mosques still remain intact.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Bayrakli Mosque Larissa 15-16th Century Late 19th century The mosque is situated in the centre of the city. It means "mosque of the flag-bearer", apparently derived from the fact that its imam used to hoist a flag (bayrak) to give the signal for the other mosques to begin the call the faithful to prayer. [39]
Elassona Mosque Muharrem Pasha Mosque Elassona 17th/18th century For some time, the building was used to store parts of the Elassona archaeological collection.
Osman Shah Mosque Trikala 1550s The mosque is no longer used for worship; it now functions as a venue for minor events and is a protected UNESCO site. It is the only work of Ottoman imperial architect Mimar Sinan that lies in modern Greece.
Yeni Mosque 20111009 Yeni Tzami former seat of the Archeological Museum Larissa Thessaly Greece Larissa Before 1881 After 1924 Its exact date of construction, as well as its founder, are unknown, but the neoclassical decoration both on the exterior as well as in the interior point to sometime in the 19th century. It was the last of several mosques built in the city under Ottoman rule, whence its name. From the late 1950s until 2011 the building housed the Larissa Archaeological Museum. [40][41]

List of former mosques in Western Greece and Peloponnese

List of former mosques in Western Greece and Peloponnese administrative regions.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Ahmed III Mosque Corinth 1715 1821 It was built by Sultan Ahmed III upon the recapture of Morea, hence the name. Although renovation works have taken place, it is mostly in a very poor condition. [42]
Fethiye Mosque Nafpaktos 1499 Situated on the waterfront near the eastern side of the port. Built by Ottoman Sultan Beyazid II shortly after the capture of Nafpaktos from the Venetians. Open only for occasional temporary exhibitions. [43]
Monemvasia Mosque Monemvasia c. 1541 1830 The mosque was built shortly after the Ottoman conquest of the Morea in the sixteenth century. Shortly after the Greek War of Independence in 1921 it was used as a prison, and later as a cafe. Today it functions as a museum and houses the Archaeological Collection of Monemvasia.
Trianon Cinema Trianon Mosque Nafplio 1666-7 (?) 1823 It is a gray, stone building in the Syntagma Square. During the Greek War of Independence it was used as a school for orphaned children and it was used so for more than half a century. Today it functions as a cinema and an exhibitions hall. [44]
Vouleftikon (English:Parliament) Aga Pasha Mosque Βουλευτικόν, Ναύπλιο 7799 Nafplio 1730 Mosque built as a gray stone building off the Nafplion Syntagma Square. After Greek take over, it housed the first Greek People's Assembly, which met here for the first time in 1825 and later even as a prison. It's now fully restored but open to the public only for concerts in the former main hall of the mosque. Connected to the mosque in the back is the Medrese (English: Madrasa) building which used to be a Turkish Islamic religious school. [45]

List of former mosques in Western Macedonia

List of former mosques in Western Macedonia administrative region.

Current Name Mosque Name Images City Year Opened Year Closed Notes Ref.
Kursum Mosque Kastoria 16th century 1924 It served the Muslim community for centuries before Kastoria was annexed by Greece. The first library of Kastoria was housed inside the mosque for some years starting in 1925, then it became a warehouse of antiquities for many decades until recently. It is the only mosque of Kastoria that was not demolished, as all the others were. [46]

Formerly converted non-Islamic buildings

List of former mosques in previously non-Islamic buildings, mostly churches, which have been converted back.

Previous Name Mosque Name Images City Year converted Year reconverted Notes
Acheiropoietos church Eski Cami Thessaloniki 1430 1912 Converted by order of Murad II himself, who conquered Thessaloniki in 1430.
Brontochion Monastery Mystras Late 15th century 1830
Hagia Sophia Bey Camii Drama 10th century 1913 Originally dedicated to the Dormition of the Mother of God, it was renamed to Hagia Sophia ("holy wisdom") by Greek refugees from Turkey arriving in Drama following the population exchange.
Hagia Sophia Ayasofya Camii Mystras Late 15th century 1830 Originally dedicated to Jesus Christ the Life Giver, was probably renamed after the Fall of Constantinople. World Heritage Site along with the rest of Mystras.
Hagia Sophia Ayasofya Camii Thessaloniki 1430 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Hagios Demetrios Kasımiye Camii Thessaloniki 1490 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki. Hagios Demetrios is the largest church in Thessaloniki.
Holy Apostles Soğuksu Camii Thessaloniki c. 1520–1530 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Holy Trinity Khan Zade Mascidi Rhodes c. 1522 1947 Originally dedicated to Archangel Michael.
Hosios David Soluca Camii Thessaloniki after 1430 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Old Metropolis, Veria Hünkar Camii Veria c. 1430 1912
Pammegistoi Taxiarches İki Şerefiye Camii Thessaloniki after 1430 1912
Panagia Chalkeon Kazancilar Camii Thessaloniki 1430 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Panagia Hodegetria Fethiye Camii Monemvasia c. 1540 1830 The most prominent church of Monemvasia. After Greece’s independence, it was renamed to Hagia Sophia.
Panagia tou Kastrou Enderun Camii Rhodes c. 1522 c. 1941 It was also converted into a Roman Catholic church during the middle ages.
Pantocrator church Fethiye Camii Patras Late 1500s 1821 Today on the site stands the larger new Pantocrator church of Patras.[47]
Parthenon Parthenon mosque Athens before 15th century 1830 Before being converted to a mosque, it had functioned as the church of Panagia Atheniotissa. After its destruction in 1687, a smaller mosque was erected within the ruined shell. Now an archaeological site, part of the Acropolis of Athens UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Prophet Elijah Saraylı Camii Thessaloniki 1430 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Saint George Suleyman Hortaci Effendi Camii Thessaloniki c. 1430 1912 Now the archaeological monument of Rotunda of Galerius, and part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Saint Catherine Yakup Paşa Camii Thessaloniki between 1481–1512 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Saint Nicholas Hünkar Mosque Chania 17th century 1918 Only church in Greece with both a belltower and a minaret.
Saint Panteleimon İshakiye Camii Thessaloniki 1548 1912 Part of the Paleochristian and Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki.
Theotokos Kosmosoteira Suleyman Pasha Camii Feres before 1433 1920

See also

References

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  42. ^ Ephoria of Antiquities of Corinthia. "Acrocorinth – Archaeological Museum of Ancient Corinth". www.corinth-museum.gr. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
  43. ^ "Fethiye Mosque (Nafpaktos)". lonelyplanet.com. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  44. ^ Pantazis, Georgios; Lambrou, Evangelia (2009). "Investigating the orientation of eleven mosques in Greece". Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 12 (2): 15–166. ISSN 1440-2807.
  45. ^ "A parliament, a recidence and a mosque". visitnafplio.com. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  46. ^ "Το τζαμί της Καστοριάς και η ιστορία του" [Kursum Mosque of Kastoria and its history]. fouit.gr (in Greek). May 11, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
  47. ^ "Ιερός Ναός Παντοκράτορα" [Holy Church of the Pantocrator]. explore.patras.gr (in Greek). Retrieved December 7, 2022.

Sources

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