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Medical college in India

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For introductory information about medical schools and information about medical schools in other countries see: Medical school.

In India, Medical College refers to an educational institution that provides medical education. These institutions may vary from stand-alone colleges that train doctors to conglomerates that offer training related to all aspects of medical care.

Recognition

Indian law requires these type of institutions to be recognized by the Medical Council of India.[1] The Indian government keeps an updated list of these approved medical colleges.[2]

Administration

Medical colleges in India are owned, funded and administered by one of the three following sources, each having distinct admission processes:

  1. The Government of India
  2. State Governments
  3. Private Organisations

Eligibility

Undergraduate Courses

Prospective students for an undergraduate course leading towards a Bachelors of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) must have completed a higher secondary school certificate (10+2) with the Science stream, including the subjects Biology,Chemistry and Physics with 50% marks.

Graduate Courses

An MBBS degree with registration in the Medical Council of India is the basic requirement for all graduate courses in the field of medicine and surgery. In India, these courses are often referred to as Post graduate courses as MBBS is considered to be a "graduate degree". Similarly, sub-specialization in a selected field is known as "super-specialization"

Admission Process

Admission criteria differ from one part of the country to another and even from Institution to Institution. In general, admission is based on one of the following
1. Rank obtained in an entrance examination conducted by the state/central government or the Institution.
2. Marks obtained in the final examinations of Std. XII.

For post graduate courses, rank obtained in an entrance examination forms the basis for admission. Specific institutions may also require a personal interview of the candidate.

The Government of India has allocated a number of seats for students from developing countries where facilities for medical education are either inadequate. The exact number and country-based allocation of these reserved seats may vary annually.

Students seeking admission against the reserved seats are required to apply through the Indian missions abroad or through the diplomatic missions of the respective countries in India. The Indian Embassy or High Commission in a country will be able to provide more information on request. The last date of submission of application is usually the 28th February of the corresponding year. An international student must have completed 12 years of schooling. International students studying in schools in India can apply pending the declaration of their Higher Secondary (10+2) or equivalent examination results. The marks sheet of the examination should be sent within 10 days from the declaration of the result to: Students Cell, Room No. 1009, Ministry of External Affairs. Akbar Bhavan. New Delhi. International students can seek university admission to undergraduate courses in Engineering , Medicine (MBBS) and Dentistry (BDS) in private colleges.

Courses Offered

A Medical College offers the basic Under graduate course MBBS. In fact only institutions offering MBBS course in its curriculum are referred to as a Medical Colleges. In Addition the college may teach Post Graduate as well as Paramedical courses

The MBBS course starts with the basic non clinical subjects such as biochemistry, physiology, anatomy, microbiology, pathology and pharmacology. The students simultaneously obtain hands-on training in the wards and out-patient departments, where they interact with real patients. The curriculum aims to inculcate good habits of history taking and examination. The student is taught to arrive at a differential diagnosis and to determine what investigations will be useful in a particular case.

Post graduate Courses

Often the colleges also teach Post graduate Degreeor Diploma courses. Degree courses are called MD (Doctor of Medicine) or MS (Master of Surgery) courses. They are available in different streams of medical science such as General Medicine, General Surgery, Orthopaedics, Radio-diagnosis, Radiotherapy, ENT, Ophthalmology, Anesthesia, Pediatrics, Community Medicine, Pathology, Microbiology, Forensic Medicine, Pharmacology, Anatomy etc. Degree courses are of 3 years duration while diploma courses are of 2 years duration. Following post-graduation, students can opt for futher sub-specialization in their area of interst by opting for courses called DM (Doctor of Medicine) or MCh (Master of Chirurgiae/Surgery) again of 3 years duration.
An MD (general medicine or paediatrics) is the basic requirement for specialization in Cardiology, Nephrology, Neonatology, Gastoentrology, Neurology etc while an MS (general surgery, ENT or Orthopaedic surgery) is the basic requirement for Neurosurgery, Urology, Cardiothoracic & Vascular Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, Paediatric Surgery, Plastic Surgery etc.
Post doctoral fellowship courses in Neuro-radiology, Neuro or Cardiac anesthesiology etc are offered by select institutions.

Paramedical Courses

The paramedical courses include

  1. B.Sc Nursing
  2. B.Sc Medical Lab Technology
  3. B.PHARM
  4. B.Pt (Physiotherapy)

and many more.

Duration of MBBS

The duration of MBBS is five and half years. Of these four and half years are spend and learning and the final one year is spent as an intern

I MBBS

Where you read Anatomy , Physiology and Biochemistry for one year. This course was formerly, ie till the 1997 batch of Indian medicos, one for one and a half years, thereafter it took its one year form. The corresponding syllabi reduction is considered by many to be lacking. This lack of time coupled with the difficulty in learning subjects like Anatomy, makes the 1st MBBS one of the hardest exams to pass in your medical career, considered by many to be second only the final year (III MBBS PART 2) exams, à regarde Undergraduate universities. Passing the exam is mandatory to proceed with the course.

In the event of failing your 1st MBBS exam, unlike other semesters and years when you are allowed to carry on with your education giving you time to clear the exams along with your further studies, you will be detained until you clear you 1st MBBS subjects and be placed in what is called an "Additional Batch". The Additional Batch is never reunited with the original batch and for the remaining tenure, of nearly 4 and a half years, the failed students end up being isolated from their batch and carry a personal stigma. This is considered a major drawback of the Indian medical education system. The Indian Medical Education system is different from the ones in the United States and many other countries in the fact that there are no premedical subjects (like Biology, Chemistry etc.) in the first year of Medical Uni and students are instead directly introduced to the basic medical subjects. This is enabled by India's Higher Secondary School Exam which is mandatory for admission to a Medical University. The Higher Secondary School Syllabi in India are considered to be one of the hardest and most advanced in the world.

II MBBS

You read Pathology , Pharmacology , Microbiology and Forensic Medicine for one and half years. After clearing all this 4 subjects you go to III MBBS. The lecture classes of these subjects will be in the afternoon. In the morning you will be attending Medicine Surgery and other wards

III MBBS or Final MBBS - Part I

One Year You read Social and Preventive Medicine(Community Medicine), ENT and Ophthalmology and pass that' The lecture classes of these subjects will be in the afternoon. In the morning you will be attending Medicine Surgery and other wards ENT and Ophthalmology Wards will also be in the morning

III MBBS or Final MBBS - Part II

One Year Theory and Ward teaching on Medicine , Surgery , Orthopaedics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Paediatrics. On passing the final MBBS examination, one is awarded temporary license by MCI or state medical council and one can start with the internship. Permanent license to practice is given only after successful completion of Compulsory Rotatory Internship.

Internship

After successful completion of 4 and a half year MBBS course one has to compulsarily work in the hospital attached to the medical college for one year. This posting is called Compusary Rotatory Residential Internship. The student gets the degree only after completion of the Compulsory Rotatory Residential Internship. An intern is posted in all the clinical departments of the hospital on rotation basis. This imparts him the basic clinical and practical knowledge about all the disciplines of medicine and makes the medical graduate fit to work in community as a General Physician. The person is licenced to practice medicine only after completion of internship. And only after finishing internship one can pursue Post Graduation studies.

Post Graduate Courses

Degrees

  • M.D. (General Medicine)
  • M.D. (Pediatrics)
  • M.D. (Anesthesia)
  • M.D. (Tuberculosis & Chest diseases)
  • M.D. (Radio Diagnosis)
  • M.D. (Dermatology, Veneriology and leprosy)
  • M.D. (Psychiatry)
  • M.D. (Radio Therapy)
  • M.S. (General Surgery)
  • M.S. (Orthopaedics)
  • M.S. (Optholmology)
  • M.S. (OtoRhinoLaryngiology or ENT)
  • M.D. (Obsterics and Gynecology)
  • M.D. (Anatomy)
  • M.D. (Physiology.)
  • M.D. (Biochemistry.)
  • M.D. (Pathology)
  • M.D. (MicroBiology)
  • M.D. (Pharmacology)
  • M.D. (Forensic Medicine)
  • M.D. (Social and preventive Medicine)

Diplomas

  • DCH
  • DA
  • DTCD
  • DDVL
  • DPM
  • DGO
  • DO
  • DLO
  • D Ortho
  • DCP
  • DPH

Ranking of Medical Colleges

Template:Totally-disputed-section Medical colleges in India are ranked depending on the following criterion:

  • Medical Colleges of the Central Government are ranked above Medical Colleges of the State Government
  • Older medical colleges are ranked higher than newer colleges
  • Government colleges are universally ranked higher than private colleges
  • Except for a few Central government colleges like AIIMS and AFMC, most other Government Medical colleges have comparable degree of faculty, excellent student quality and very good clinical exposure for the students (as all are attached to Government Hospitals which offer free treatment and thus attract huge number of patients). Thus most of them would be on par academically. Some of the colleges may however lack the latest diagnostic machines such as MRIs, CT scans, etc which are essential especially from a Post Graduate point of view.
  • Private colleges generally suffer from poor quality and low quantity of faculty, poor infrastructure and facilities (despite being private institutes), lower student quality, lesser clinical opportunity and exposure (because being a charging hospital that chases away a large chunk of patients) thus generally resulting in overall a lower academic level and quality. They often resort to 'faculty on paper' when MCI visit is scheduled. Even MCI knows it;its an open secret.

As per the current situation (2006), the ranking of the Medical Colleges in India (for MBBS training) are as follows (though other surveys may give other ranks): 1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi (Central Govt.) 2. Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune (Ministry of Defence) 3. JIPMER (Central Govt.) 4. Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, India. 5. Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), Delhi (State Govt.) 6. Banares Hindu University (Govt.) 7. Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore (Minority, Christians preferred - Pvt) 8. All MCI recognised State Government Medical Colleges 9. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and Manipal (Another paper tiger-Pvt.) 10. Other private medical colleges List

For Post Graduate Studies, the ranking is as follows: 1. All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi 2. Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER or popularly PGI), Chandigarh 3. JIPMER 4. Armed Forces Medical College (AFMC), Pune 5. Maulana Azad Medical College (MAMC), Delhi 6. Banares Hindu University 7. Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore 8. All MCI recognised State Government Medical Colleges 9. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and Manipal 10.Other private medical colleges

  • For Post Graduate training in case of All MCI recognised State Government Medical Colleges, the medical colleges situated in cities are generally preferred over the colleges in towns because of greater clinical opportunities.

Para medical Courses

  • optometery 2 year diploma

References

  1. ^ http://www.mciindia.org
  2. ^ http://mohfw.nic.in/Amedical.html

See also

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