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Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI

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Death and funeral of Pope Benedict XVI
Benedict XVI lying in state in St. Peter's Basilica on 3 January
Date
  • 31 December 2022 (2022-12-31) (death)
  • 5 January 2023 (2023-01-05) (funeral)
Location

On 31 December 2022, at 09:34 Central European Time (UTC+01), Pope Benedict XVI died at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery in Vatican City at the age of 95.[1] He had been pope emeritus since his resignation as the leader of the Catholic Church in 2013 due to ill health.[2] Following his death, the Holy See announced that his body would lie in state in St. Peter's Basilica from 2 January 2023 until his funeral, which is to take place on 5 January 2023.[3]

His death came three days after Pope Francis, Benedict's successor, announced a deterioration in his health and asked the faithful for prayers.[4] His death ended a nine-year period in the history of the Catholic Church during which two men who have served as pope lived within Vatican City.[5]

Background

Further information: Pope Benedict XVI § Pope emeritus: 2013–2022
See also: Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI
Benedict XVI in 2019

Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, then Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, was elected Pope Benedict XVI on 19 April 2005, succeeding John Paul II, who died on 2 April 2005. He resigned as pope at 20:00 (CET) on 28 February 2013, in the first papal renunciation in almost 600 years since Gregory XII in 1415,[6] and the first to voluntarily step down since Celestine V in 1294.[7][8] He cited his declining health as the reason for his resignation.[9]

In October 2017, a photograph on Facebook showed Benedict with a black eye. He had developed a hematoma after slipping at his residence.[10][11] Speculation about his health had arisen in the preceding weeks.[10]

On 1 July 2020, Benedict's brother Georg Ratzinger died, shortly after Benedict visited him in Germany in June.[12][13]

On 3 August 2020, after speculation amongst the German press in the wake of a visit by the journalist Peter Seewald on 1 August, Benedict's aides disclosed that he was experiencing inflammation of the trigeminal nerve, but stated that his condition was not serious.[14] Maltese cardinal Mario Grech reported to Vatican News on 2 December 2020 that Benedict was enduring serious difficulties in speaking, reportedly stating to a group of cardinals that "the Lord has taken away my speech in order to let me appreciate silence".[15]

Benedict became the longest-lived pope on 4 September 2020, surpassing Pope Leo XIII, who died in 1903 at the age of 93 years, 4 months and 3 days.[16]

Last days

In his weekly general audience on 28 December 2022, Pope Francis announced that Benedict was very ill. Francis did not disclose the exact nature of his ailment, but called for people to pray for Benedict.[17] Later that day, the Holy See Press Office attributed Benedict's illness to old age and reported that he was under medical supervision at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery in Vatican City, where he had lived since his resignation as pope.[18] That day, Francis had visited Benedict after the audience,[19] and Benedict received the Anointing of the Sick.[3]

On 29 December, the Press Office reported that Benedict's situation was "serious but stable", and he was "absolutely lucid and alert".[20][21] The next day, Benedict participated in the celebration of mass in his room; his condition was stable.[22] The same day, a special mass was celebrated for Benedict at the Basilica of St. John Lateran in Rome.[23][24][25]

Death

Wikinews has related news:

Benedict died at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery on 31 December 2022 at 9:34 a.m. Central European Time (UTC+01), at the age of 95.[26] On the same day, the Holy See released his spiritual testament, dated 29 August 2006.[27][28] Archbishop Georg Gänswein, Benedict's personal secretary and confidant, reported that his final words were "Signore ti amo" (Error: {{language with name/for}}: missing language tag or language name (help)).[29][30][31]

Funeral

Benedict XVI's body being borne into St. Peter's Basilica by the papal gentlemen on 2 January

The Holy See has procedures governing the rituals surrounding papal deaths and funerals, but they are designed specifically for the deaths of incumbent popes.[32] Benedict is planned to be buried in the crypt below St. Peter's Basilica, near St. Peter's tomb.[33]

On 1 January 2023, Benedict's body was laid in the chapel at the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery, where it was viewed by people closest to him. He was clothed in red vestments, the traditional color for papal funerals.[34]

In the morning of 2 January, Benedict's body was moved to St. Peter's Basilica,[35] where he is scheduled to lie in state until his funeral on 5 January, over which Pope Francis is expected to preside.[3][36]

The booklet for Benedict's funeral Mass was made on 3 January.[37][38] The Requiem Mass is to be presided by pope Francis. "The booklet for the Mass is based largely on the Rite of Christian Burial of a Supreme Pontiff with several modifications": "some portions have been added, while others more relevant to the death of a reigning Pope have been taken out".[39]

Dignitaries in attendance

Italian president Sergio Mattarella paying respects to Benedict XVI's body on 2 January

In keeping with Benedict XVI request for a simple funeral, only the governments of Italy and his native Germany will be invited to send official delegations,[40] although representatives from other countries and organisations may participate "in a private capacity".[41]

Italy

Foreign

Reactions

Argentina

Austria

  • The President of Austria, Alexander Van der Bellen, expressed his condolences "on behalf of the Republic and also personally" and stated that Benedict XVI "was connected to Austria in a special way."[53]
  • Chancellor Karl Nehammer tweeted: "Together we Catholics mourn for em. Pope Benedict XVI", adding that Benedict was "one of the few German-speaking church leaders" and a "remarkable historical figure".[54]

Brazil

Costa Rica

Commonwealth realms

Australia

  • Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said that he was "saddened to hear of the passing of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI, this evening. May he rest in eternal peace."[59]
  • Archbishop of Sydney Anthony Fisher said that Benedict XVI "was the gentlest of men, I found this in my several meetings with him. In the end, what mattered to him was being faithful to Jesus Christ and being loving toward Christ's people, and that he did in spades."[59]

Canada

United Kingdom

  • Prime Minister Rishi Sunak released a statement, saying that he was "saddened to learn of the death of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI. He was a great theologian whose UK visit in 2010 was an historic moment for both Catholics and non-Catholics throughout our country."[61]
  • (Anglican communion) Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby released a statement, saying that Pope Benedict XVI "was one of the greatest theologians of his age – committed to the faith of the Church and stalwart in its defence. In all things, not least in his writing and his preaching, he looked to Jesus Christ, the image of the invisible God. It was abundantly clear that Christ was the root of his thought and the basis of his prayer."[62]
  • Archbishop of Westminster Vincent Nichols released a statement, saying that Benedict "will be remembered as one of the great theologians of the 20th century" and that he was "through and through a gentleman, through and through a scholar, through and through a pastor, through and through a man of God."[63]
  • Archbishop of Cardiff Mark O'Toole released a statement, saying that Benedict XVI's "encounter with Jesus Christ gave the whole of his life a new horizon and a definitive direction."[64]

Czech Republic

  • President Miloš Zeman offered his condolences in a letter sent to Pope Francis, remarking that his visit to the country in 2009 was "one of the big moments in the modern history of the country."[65]
  • Prime Minister Petr Fiala though social media offered his condolences, stating Benedict XVI was "one of the leading intellectual figures of our time".[65]

Denmark

  • The Queen Margrethe II, through their official Instagram account, stated “We will remember Pope Benedict as a renowned theologian and lifelong servant of the Roman Catholic Church".[66]

France

  • President Emmanuel Macron stated “My thoughts go out to Catholics in France and around the world, who are saddened by the passing of His Holiness Benedict XVI. He worked with soul and mind for a more brotherly world.”[67]

Germany

  • President Frank-Walter Steinmeier released a statement, saying that "Germany mourns Pope Benedict XVI and will remember his work."[68]
  • Chancellor Olaf Scholz released a statement, saying that "as the ‘German’ pope, Benedict XVI was a special church leader for many, not just in this country. The world is losing a formative figure of the Catholic Church, a combative personality and a wise theologian."[69]
  • Former Chancellor Angela Merkel released a statement, saying that Benedict XVI was "one of the most combative and significant religious thinkers of our time. With this decision [the 2013 resignation], he sent a signal that even the pope had to grapple with the burdens of age."[70]
  • Minister-President Markus Söder, the head of Benedict's birth state Bavaria, released a statement that said "we mourn our Bavarian Pope" and emphasized that with the death of the Pope Emeritus, "society loses a convincing representative of the Catholic Church and one of the most influential theologians of the 20th century." Söder ordered flags at government buildings to be lowered to half-mast and announced that he would travel to the funeral in Rome along with a Bavarian delegation.[71][72]
  • Georg Bätzing, chairman of the German Bishops' Conference, stated he was as "an impressive theologian and experienced shepherd.” German bishops “mourn the loss of a personality who gave hope and direction to the Church even in difficult times.” On behalf of the German Church “we think of him with gratitude”.[67]

Ireland

  • President Michael D. Higgins released a statement, saying that Pope Benedict XVI "will be remembered too for the value he attached to intellectual work and for the personal commitment he gave to such within the Roman Catholic Church, this work being respected by both supporters and critics."[73]
  • Taoiseach Leo Varadkar released a statement, saying that he was "saddened this morning to learn the passing of Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI. Leading the Catholic Church for almost a decade, the son of a police officer and a cook, the first German elected as Pope in one thousand years, he was ultimately a 'humble worker in (sic) vineyard of the Lord'."[74]
  • Tánaiste Micheál Martin released a statement, saying that Benedict XVI "showed great strength of character and humility in leaving the papacy at a time when by his own analysis, his declining health meant he could not provide the leadership he felt the Church required at the time. He will be remembered for his commitment to global peace including in Northern Ireland and particularly for those of the Catholic faith as a respected theologian and scholar."[75]
  • Archbishop of Armagh Eamon Martin released a statement, saying that Benedict XVI "was a person of deep spirituality and prayer, an outstanding apostle of Christ."[76]

Israel

  • Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu issued a statement on behalf of all the citizens of Israel sending "deep condolences to the Christian world on the passing of Pope Benedict XVI" and noting that Pope Benedict "was a great spiritual leader who was fully committed to the historic reconciliation between the Catholic Church and the Jewish people, a tradition he continued in his historic visit to Israel in 2009."[77]

Italy

  • President Sergio Mattarella released a statement, saying that Benedict XVI was a "distinguished theologian, brilliant academic and man of extremely fine culture."[78]
  • Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni named Benedict XVI "a giant of faith and reason" and that “He has given his life to the service of the world church and spoke to the hearts of the people, and will continue to do so.”[67]
  • Matteo Zuppi, president of the Episcopal Conference of Italy, stated that "his life was based on love as a reflection of his relationship with God". “In the last part of his existence, he made this relationship with the Lord visible by being silent. We thank the Lord for the gift of his life and his service to the Church: an exemplary testimony to that unceasing search for the face of the Lord, which today at last he can see face to face.”[67]
  • Head of the Vatican Dicastery for Communications Andrea Tornielli stated “While as the head of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith he was often dismissed as the 'armor cardinal', as pope he spoke constantly about the 'joy of being a Christian'.”[67]

Luxembourg

  • Grand Duke Henri said in a statement that Benedict XVI "tirelessly pursued his mission as pastor and teacher, even after his resignation from the papal throne in 2013."[79]

Mexico

  • The Secretary of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, the second country with the second largest number of practicing Catholics in the world, Marcelo Ebrard through their official Twitter account stated: "I am sorry to learn of the passing of Joseph Ratzinger, Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI and Supreme Pontiff of the Holy Roman Church from 2005 to 2013. Our sincere condolences to the Catholic community. May he rest in peace".[80]

Netherlands

  • Prime Minister Mark Rutte stated: “With the death of Pope Benedict XVI, the Roman Catholic Church and all Catholics worldwide lose an important spiritual and intellectual leader. We remember him with respect.”[67]

Palestine

  • President Mahmoud Abbas said in a telegram of condolence: "We mourn his death with you, remembering our reception of His Holiness in Bethlehem, the birthplace of Christ, on the day he was a dear guest on the Holy Land in May 2009, carrying a message of love and peace to the world. During his visit, he met Palestinian Islamic and Christian figures in the Noble Sanctuary in our capital Jerusalem, and the Aida Camp for Palestinian refugees, and he expressed his solidarity and support for our people's freedom and independence in their Palestinian state."[81]

Paraguay

  • President Mario Abdo Benítez said on Twitter: "We join the pain on the passing of Pope emeritus Benedict XVI, who left a fruitful legacy and shown in his life that faith, reason, and justice can go in hand. Rest in peace."[82]
  • Presidential candidate Efraín Alegre said on Twitter: "Rest in peace Benedict XVI. Pope emeritus, your wisdom and greatness at the Church's front tell us about a great leader and christian. May God and the virgin have you in your great glory."[83]

Philippines

Poland

  • President Andrzej Duda said on Twitter: "Pope Benedict XVI has departed to the Home of our Father. Today, the world has lost one of the pre-eminent theologians of the 20th and 21st centuries, a close associate of Saint John Paul II. His life, works and priestly service are a signpost among many winding and deceptive roads of the contemporary world."[85]
  • Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki said on Facebook: "Today the world has suffered a big loss, but the spiritual and intellectual legacy of Benedict XVI will remain important to us forever. May he rest in peace."[85]

Portugal

  • President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in a statement on the website of the Presidency of the Republic. recalled Pope Benedict XVI, "throughout his eight years of Pontificate, Pope Benedict XVI remained a symbol of stability and defense of the values of the Catholic Church: Love of neighbor, Solidarity and support for the poorest and most unprotected and the importance of Forgiveness and Reconciliation", the president also recalled the Apostolic Visit of Pope Benedict XVI to Portugal, in May 2010, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the beatification of the Little Shepherds of Fátima, Francisco and Jacinta Marto, not forgetting the words of appreciation then expressed towards our country.[86]
  • Prime Minister António Costa recalled on Twitter having received Benedict XVI in Lisbon when he was still Mayor and refers that "his work and dedication will remain a reference for the faithful around the world".[86]
  • President of the Assembly of the Republic, Augusto Santos Silva, lamented the death of the Pope emeritus, saying that this "plunges the Catholic Church and its faithful into deep mourning. I pay homage to his memory, highlighting his intellectual stature and the foundational gesture of resignation".[86]

Romania

Russia

  • President Vladimir Putin referred to Benedict XVI as "a prominent religious figure and statesman [and] a staunch defender of traditional Christian values."[88]
  • Patriarch Kirill of Moscow emphasized the importance of Benedict's contribution to bearing witness to Christ in a secularized world and defending traditional moral values. He stressed that during the pontificate of Benedict XVI, relations between the Roman Catholic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church "improved considerably, in the spirit of fraternal cooperation".[67]

Singapore

  • President Halimah Yacob, in her letter to Pope Francis, said she was "deeply saddened" to learn of the passing of the former pope, adding that he will be remembered by the Catholic community for his "selfless contributions to the Catholic faith, championing causes of peace and development".[89]
  • Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, in his letter to Cardinal Secretary of State of Vatican City, Pietro Parolin, expressed his "deepest condolences" on behalf of the Government of Singapore.[89]

South Africa

  • President Cyril Ramaphosa released a statement, saying that South Africans "reflect with deep regard on the spirit leadership Pope Benedict XVI provided to his Church and humanity more broadly."[90]

South Korea

  • A spokesperson for the ruling People Power Party released a statement, saying that Benedict's "resignation was a symbol of the renovation of the Church and his leading of his life as a pilgrim will be remembered forever."[91]
  • A spokesperson for the opposition Democratic Party released a statement, acknowledging "Benedict's special attention to peace and unification of the Korean Peninsula."[91]

Spain

  • King Felipe VI expressed his condolences to Pope Francis, noting that he received the news with "great sadness" and underscored the "fruitful intellectual and spiritual legacy" left by Benedict XVI.[92]
  • Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez lamented the death of "a great theologian dedicated to the service of others, justice and peace".[93]
  • The President of the Community of Madrid Isabel Díaz Ayuso decreed three days of official mourning beginning on 31 December and ending on 2 January.[94]

Ukraine

  • President Volodymyr Zelenskyy released a statement, expressing his "sincere condolences to Pope Francis, the hierarchy and the faithful of the Catholic Church all over the world on the death of Pope Benedict XVI – an outstanding theologian, intellectual and promoter of universal values."[95]

United States

European Union

European Commission

  • President Ursula von der Leyen stated she was saddened by his death. “My thoughts go out to all Catholics.” She explicitly mentioned his resignation in 2013, which she said "sent a strong signal". “He saw himself first and foremost as a servant to God and his Church.”[67]

European Parliament

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  82. ^ Marito Abdo [@MaritoAbdo] (31 December 2022). "Nos unimos al dolor por el fallecimiento del Papa emérito Benedicto XVI, quien deja un fructífero legado y demostró en su vida que la fe, la razón y la justicia pueden ir de la mano. Que en paz descanse" (Tweet) (in Spanish) – via Twitter.
  83. ^ Efraín Alegre [@EfrainAlegre] (31 December 2022). "Descansa en paz Benedicto XVI. Papa Emérito, tu sabiduría y grandeza al frente de la Iglesia nos hablan de un gran líder y cristiano. Que Dios y la virgen te tengan en su santa Gloria" (Tweet) (in Spanish) – via Twitter.
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Further reading

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