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2023 Brazilian Congress attack

Coordinates: 15°48′03″S 47°51′41″W / 15.80083°S 47.86139°W / -15.80083; -47.86139
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2023 invasion of the Brazilian Congress
Part of the 2022–2023 Brazilian election protests
File:Terroristas bolsonaristas subindo a rampa.png
Protesters climbing the ramp of the National Congress of Brazil during the attack
Date8 January 2023
Location
Three Powers Plaza, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil

15°48′03″S 47°51′41″W / 15.80083°S 47.86139°W / -15.80083; -47.86139
Caused byFalse[1] allegations of electoral fraud in the 2022 Brazilian general election promoted by former President Jair Bolsonaro and his allies[1]
Goals
Methods
Resulted in
  • Severe damage to the federal buildings, many art pieces stolen or damaged.
  • Rioting suppressed, all three targeted buildings cleared
  • Arrest and detainment en masse of rioters by federal and state law enforcement authorities
  • Declaration by President Lula of federal takeover of Federal District for the remainder of January 2023
  • Suspension by Supreme Court of Brazil of Ibaneis Rocha as governor of the Federal District for 90 days
Parties
Pro-Bolsonaro protesters
Lead figures

No known organized leadership

Number
Unknown
Casualties
Injuries80+ (40+ seriously injured)[8]
Arrested
  • ~200, according to the Brazilian Justice Minister[9]
  • 300 (according to Brazilian police)[10]
  • 400+ (according to Federal District governor)[11][12]
This article is part of
a series about
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Personal life
35th President of Brazil
39th President of Brazil
Scandals and controversies
Presidential elections




Media gallery

On 8 January 2023, following the victory of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in the Brazilian general elections of October 2022, supporters of the previous president, Jair Bolsonaro, attacked the Supreme Court of Brazil, the National Congress of Brazil and the Planalto Presidential Palace in the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília, Brazil's capital. Veneziano Vital do Rêgo, acting president of the Federal Senate confirmed that rioters had breached the Chamber of Deputies's Green Hall and attempted to enter the Planalto Palace. Lula was not in Brasília at the time of the attack,[13][14][15] and neither was Bolsonaro.[16]

The attack occurred a week after Lula's inauguration and followed several weeks of unrest from Bolsonaro's supporters. The Supreme Court, Congress, and Presidential Palace were reported as cleared later that evening.[17] It drew swift condemnation from governments around the world. At 18:00 BRT (UTC−03:00), Lula announced that he had signed a decree authorizing a federal state of emergency in the Federal District through the end of January 2023.[18] Because Congress was not in session, it plans to convene in an emergency meeting to vote on the decision.[19][20] Brazilian security forces cleared all three buildings by 21:00 BRT.[1]

Background

Main article: 2022–2023 Brazilian election protests
See also: Third inauguration of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

During Bolsonaro's tenure as president of Brazil, his allies and supporters floated the idea of an assault like the January 6 United States Capitol attack in the event Bolsonaro lost his re-election bid.[21] Serious incidents of political violence, police brutality, and voter intimidation followed the 2022 Brazilian general election.[22] Supporters of Bolsonaro used social media to spread misinformation claiming electoral fraud, motivating the protesters.[23]

Some military reservists wanted a truckers' strike before the second round of elections, including Colonel Marcos Koury, who, on 16 October 2022, published a video encouraging a truckers' general strike before the second round of elections.[24] Koury's video about the shutdowns was shared in several Bolsonarist groups on Telegram and, days later, members of these same groups started defending roadblocks after the elections.[24] Calls for strikes were also made on YouTube.[24]

Trucker protests lost strength on 3 November 2022,[25][26][27] but Bolsonaro supporters started concentrating in the vicinity of Brazilian Armed Forces facilities. Demonstrations took place at military installations in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Brasília, Florianópolis, Recife, and Salvador, among other Brazilian cities and regions.[28] Some Bolsonaro supporters called for a military coup.[28]

Lula's electoral victory was officially ratified by the Superior Electoral Court on 12 December 2022.[29][30] Militant far-right Bolsonaro supporters stormed the Federal Police headquarters in Brasília and torched vehicles on the street after one of the protesters was arrested for inciting violence to prevent Lula's swearing-in. The police used stun grenades and tear gas to disperse them.[31][32] A bombing attempt near the Brasília International Airport was prevented by the police on 23 December; the suspect was arrested a day later. According to his testimony, he was motivated by Bolsonaro casting doubts at the integrity of the election process in past.[33][34] Other attacks were carried out by Bolsonaro supporters during the beginning of Lula's government.

On 2 January 2023, former Bolsonaro minister Anderson Torres was appointed as chief security official of the Federal District. Torres left Brazil on the night of 6 January for Orlando, Florida, arriving there on 7 January, just hours before the attacks and one week after Bolsonaro arrived in Orlando.[35][36]

Planning

Reports on the planning of the attack were already circulating in the first week of 2023, with audio leaked from several WhatsApp and Telegram groups. The material obtained exposed the intention of the organization of the acts to provoke violent actions on the part of the crowd, circumventing police action.[37][38][39] Several groups and communities from throughout the country arranged for transport by bus to Brasília to participate in the demonstrations.[40]

Social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook and Instagram did not moderate misleading claims about the election, meaning that people who used these sites to find information about the election were presented with these misleading claims.[41]

Events

File:2023 Praça dos Três Poderes attack.png
Bolsonaro supporters storming Praça dos Três Poderes.
Wikinews has related news:

On the morning of 7 January, more than 100 buses from all parts of Brazil arrived in Brasília, bringing in Bolsonaro supporters. They joined the 200 people who were already camped in front of the Army Headquarters, raising the total number to over 4,000 people.[42]

On the afternoon of 8 January, the demonstrators marched from the Army Headquarters, where some of them had been camped for weeks in protests, demanding a military coup. Lula's government attempted to evict these protesters. When this failed, it ordered reinforced security.[43][44] The Minister of Justice also reiterated that week that the camps would be dismantled. The demonstrators broke through the police barriers near the congress building and, armed with sticks, confronted the police, who fired tear gas and used pepper spray on them.[43] Despite this, some members of the military police were caught being lenient with the attackers.[45] The demonstrators then attempted to enter the Palácio do Planalto, the seat of executive power, and the Supreme Federal Court.[43]

Senator Veneziano Vital do Rêgo, interim president of the Federal Senate, confirmed to CNN Brazil that protesters had managed to invade the Congress building. According to him, they reached the upper part, where the domes of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies are located, and the Green Hall of the Chamber of Deputies.[46] Protesters attempted to extend a green and yellow banner over the building.[46] Some protestors among the mob were also seen with the flag of the Empire of Brazil.[47]

Protesters later climbed the ramp of the Congress building and reached the Supreme Federal Court building and the Palácio do Planalto, where they, during the attempt to take over the buildings, committed acts of vandalism and attacked police.[48]

Soldiers from the Brazilian Army responded. Two helicopters tried to disperse the crowd.[7]

Journalists were attacked during the protests. Folha de São Paulo photographer Pedro Ladeira was attacked and robbed by some of the rioters.[49] A journalist for Metrópoles was also attacked during the storming.[50] Journalists and photographers from BandNews, O Tempo, AFP and Reuters were also attacked. Some were pushed to the ground and had their equipment stolen or damaged.[51]

At the time of the riots, both Lula da Silva and Bolsonaro were not in Brasília; Lula was in Araraquara, São Paulo, while Bolsonaro was in Orlando, Florida, in the United States.[52][36]

The governor of the Federal District, Ibaneis Rocha, assured that he was "taking all measures to contain the anti-democratic riot in the Esplanada dos Ministérios"; in addition, he dismissed the Secretary of Security of the Federal District, Anderson Torres.[53][54][55] Likewise, the solicitor general's office reported that it had filed a request for Torres's arrest.[55]

File:O povo acaba de subir a rampa.webm
Protesters climbing the ramp of the National Congress building

At 18:00 BRT (UTC−03:00), Lula announced that he had signed a decree authorizing a federal intervention in Brasília in the scope of public security, to continue until 31 January.[18] Lula applied Article 34, Subheading III of the Federal Constitution, which empowers the government to put an end to serious impairment of public order.[56] It was the third application of Article 34 of the 1988 Federal Constitution, which has previously been applied in Rio de Janeiro and Roraima during the Temer Government.[57] Ricardo Garcia Cappelli [pt], executive secretary of the Ministry of Justice and Public Security, was appointed as intervenor.[58][59] The intervention relieves the Federal District governor Ibaneis Rocha of the authority to oversee security in the district,[60] and will last until 31 January.[61] Hours after the security breach, the Military Police of the Federal District [pt] (PMDF) reported it had begun to clear rioters out of the buildings.[62]

File:Manifestantes invadem Congresso Nacional e cercam Palácio do Planalto (1).webm
Protesters encircling and storming the National Congress and the Planalto Palace

By 19:00 BRT, over 150 people had already been arrested by the security forces, at least 30 of them in flagrante delicto in the Federal Senate.[63][64] The Minister of Justice, Flávio Dino, later announced in a press conference that approximately 200 people were arrested in flagrante delicto, and that new arrests were still being made; according to Dino, several buses heading to Brasília, as well as their financiers, had already been investigated and identified.[65]

The Federal District Governor Ibaneis Rocha, in a publication on a social network, stated that more than 400 people had already been arrested.[66]

A National Force vehicle fell into the reflecting pool of the monument during the attack.[67]

During the attack, vandalism was widespread; several pieces of art such as paintings, chairs, tables, etc., were damaged or stolen during the attack, including famous pieces such as the coat of arms of the republic and an copy of the original 1988 constitution book.[68][69][70] Weapons, munitions and documents from the Cabinet of Institutional Security were also stolen by the protesters.[71][72]

Several hours after the attack began, the Federal District Military Police announced that it had begun clearing the buildings.[73] The security forces managed to retake the National Congress by the evening after launching a security operation in which they used tear gas and batons.[74] By 17:00 BRT, security forces had regained control of the Supreme Court building, though some rioters remained encamped in its parking garage.[75] The Brazilian Army arrived in military trucks in the late afternoon and ambushed the intruders in the presidential palace through the back door. The rioters left the building by 18:30 BRT, with some being escorted out by the police.[1][76] Justice Minister Flávio Dino announced by 21:00 BRT that all three buildings had been cleared.[1]

Aftermath

Damage

Damage in the Supreme Federal Court building after the storming.
Showcase with historical objects in the National Congress
Portrait from the gallery of official portraits of former presidents of the Senate, in the Main Hall of the house
A team of technicians begins the restoration work on the Angel sculpture by Alfredo Ceschiatti. In the background, the Araguaia panel, by Marianne Peretti, is also undergoing repairs

A number of important spaces in the three invaded buildings were extensively vandalized and looted, including the Noble Hall and Plenary of the Federal Supreme Court, the Green, the Blue and Black Hall and the lobby of the Congress, the Noble Hall and the First Lady's office at the Planalto Palace. Many other spaces, such as corridors, windows, rooms and offices, were also vandalized, damaging a large amount of furniture, equipment and various objects.[77][78][79] Several spaces were completely destroyed.[80] According to an official, the invaders destroyed fire hydrants, in an attempt to prevent the fight against fires that existed at various points of the invasion.[81]

In addition to structural damage, several works of art, mainly paintings, vases and historical objects (such as chairs, clocks, carpets and tables) were damaged, stolen or destroyed during the attack.[82] electronic equipment, such as laptops, computers, printers and televisions were also damaged or stolen by protesters; the copy of the original 1988 constitution book was initially taken by an protester, but was later found among the rubble in the building of the Supreme Federal Court.[83] The offices of the Workers' Party and of the Brazilian Social Democracy Party were also invaded and vandalized by the mob.[84]

Reactions

The events have been likened by journalists to the January 6 United States Capitol attack, which it was apparently inspired by.[85][86] Some newspapers, such as O Globo, Veja, and Folha de S.Paulo, characterized what happened as a terrorist act.[87][88][89] O Estado de S. Paulo and El Mundo described the event as a coup d'état attempt.[90][91]

Domestic

Government
Lula declares federal intervention in the Federal District

President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva condemned the demonstrators as "fascists" in a tweet and called their actions "barbarism".[92] He said that "there was, I would say, incompetence, bad will, bad faith, on the part of the people who take care of public security in the Federal District".[93] Minister of Planning and Budget Simone Tebet called for "exemplary punishments" for the protestors on Twitter. She added that "Federal Constitution supports our Ministers of Justice and Defense in the use of all rigorous legitimate means for the defense of order, society and democracy".[94] Lula returned to Brasília after the buildings were cleared and visited the Supreme Court and the presidential palace.[95]

President of the Chamber of Deputies Arthur Lira condemned the attacks and called for punishment of those involved.[96] The Vice-President of the Chamber of Deputies, Luciano Bivar (UNIÃO), stated that there would be reinforcement of the Military Police, with new contingents being sent to the National Congress and the Planalto Palace.[14]

Minister of Justice Flávio Dino, President of the Federal Senate Rodrigo Pacheco and Vice-President Geraldo Alckmin also criticized the attack on social media.[97]

The Brazilian superior courts released a joint note to condemn the 8 January attacks:[98]

The Supreme Federal Court, the Superior Electoral Court, the Superior Court of Justice, the Superior Labour Court and the Superior Military Court come to the public to express their indignation at the serious events that took place this Sunday, January 8, with acts of violence against the three Powers of the Republic and destruction of public property. While expressing solidarity with the legitimately constituted authorities, and who are the target of this absurd aggression, they reiterate to the Brazilian Nation the commitment that the Judiciary will remain firm in its role of guaranteeing fundamental rights and the Democratic State of Law, ensuring the empire of the law and the full accountability of those who violate it.

After the federal buildings were retaken, Justice Alexandre de Moraes of the Supreme Court removed the Federal District governor Ibaneis Rocha for 90 days due to alleged shortcomings in the preparedness of the security forces. He also ordered clearing of camps set up by protesters outside military bases within 24 hours, clearing of all roads and buildings occupied by them, and removal of all anti-democratic posts by Bolsonaro supporters from Facebook, Twitter and TikTok.[99]

The Brazilian police started clearing protest camps near army based throughout the country on 9 January.[100] Soldiers backed by the police dismantled a camp outside the army headquarters in Brasília, used as a base by those who attacked the Three Powers Plaza, and arrested about 1,500 people.[101][102]

Parties and politicians

National President of the Workers' Party Gleisi Hoffmann said that "the DF government (of Ibaneis Rocha) was irresponsible in the face of the invasion of Brasília and the National Congress."[103]

Liberal Party head Valdemar Costa Neto said, "Today is a sad day for the Brazilian nation. We cannot agree with the plundering of the national Congress. All orderly demonstrations are legitimate. Disorder has never been part of our nation's principles. I want to tell you that we vehemently disapprove of this type of attitude and let the law be enforced, strengthening our democracy"[104] but also denied that the protestors were affiliated with or represented Bolsonaro.[105]

Bolsonaro himself condemned the protesters in a tweet[106] and denied responsibility.[107] Supporters of Bolsonaro, like Senator Carlos Portinho, denounced acts of violence. Portinho, however, blamed the legal "superpowers" of Supreme Federal Court Judge Alexandre de Moraes for aggressive protests, calling for their removal to "appease" the protestors.[108] Another Bolsonaro supporter, former federal judge and Senator for Paraná, Sergio Moro (UNIÃO) said that "The new Lula government began more concerned with repressing protests and dissenting opinions than with presenting results. The unrestricted political allocation of ministries and state companies is back. All in favor of a mysterious "reconstruction" without any direction. It is not a good start."[109] Flávio Bolsonaro, a senator and the eldest son of the former President, denied any relationship between the protestors and his father in leaked WhatsApp messages.[110] Others, such as Federal Deputy Gustavo Gayer (PL), Governor of São Paulo Tarcísio de Freitas (REPUBLICANOS), Governor of Paraná Ratinho Júnior (PSD), Governor of Rio de Janeiro Cláudio Castro (PL), Governor of Minas Gerais Romeu Zema (NOVO), National President of the Republicanos Marcos Pereira and Senator Hamilton Mourão (REPUBLICANOS) condemned the acts of vandalism, but the majority of the pro-Bolsonaro parties and politicians reimained silent.[111][112][97]

Senator Soraya Thronicke (UNIÃO) announced that her advisors filed a request for the opening of a parliamentary commission of inquiry [pt] against the protests.[113]

Senator Randolfe Rodrigues (REDE), Senator Jean Paul Prates (PT), Governor of Rio Grande do Sul Eduardo Leite (PSDB), Governor of Pará Helder Barbalho (MDB), former governor of Amapá Waldez Góes (PDT), National President of the Social Democratic Party Gilberto Kassab, as well as Federal deputies Marcelo Freixo (PT), José Guimarães (PT) and André Janones (AVANTE) condemned the attacks, with some characterizing them as domestic terrorism.[97] Former presidential candidate Ciro Gomes (PDT) classified the acts as one of the greatest "crimes in the history of the Republic", and encouraged punishments in the "maximum rigor of the law" to those responsible.[114]

International

The attack was widely condemned by international governments and international organisations, especially in Latin America.[115]

The United Nations secretary-general António Guterres condemned the assault, stating "I condemn today's assault on Brazil's democratic institutions. The will of the Brazilian people and the country's institutions must be respected. I have full confidence that it will be. Brazil is a great democratic country".[116]

Americas

The Organisation of American States secretary-general Luis Almagro stated "We condemn the attack on the institutions in Brasília, which constitutes a reprehensible action and a direct attack on democracy. These actions are inexcusable and fascist in nature."[115]

The United States embassy in Brazil referred to the protests as anti-democratic and warned its citizens to avoid the area of rioting.[117][115] President Joe Biden described the situation as "outrageous".[118] US Secretary of State Antony Blinken condemned the calls for a coup on Twitter, writing "We condemn the attacks on Brazil's Presidency, Congress, and Supreme Court today. Using violence to attack democratic institutions is always unacceptable. We join [Lula da Silva] in urging an immediate end to these actions".[119] United States National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan also condemned the attack and said that the White House was following the situation.[120] Many American observers also compared the attack to the attempted insurrection at the American capitol two years prior. Joaquin Castro, Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, called on the US government to deport Bolsonaro, who had been taking refuge in Orlando, Florida in the days leading up to and after Lula's swearing in, back to Brazil for inspiring the riots.[115]

Latin American heads of state condemned the violence, such as President Gustavo Petro of Colombia, who called for an urgent meeting of the Organization of American States in the face of what he considers an attempted "coup" by fascism, or President Gabriel Boric of Chile, who condemned the rioting as a "vile attack" and announced his full support for the government.[121][122] President of Cuba Miguel Díaz-Canel condemned the riots and expressed support and solidarity with Lula and his government.[123]. A similar statement was made by Mexican president Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador who described the events at Brasilia as "reprehensible and antidemocratic" and described the protesters as being "motivated by oligarchs"[124]. President of Venezuela Nicolás Maduro rejected the violence by "Bolsonaro's neo-fascist groups" and expressed support for Lula.[125] Alberto Fernández, the president of Argentina, described the storming as an "attempted coup d'état".[126] Likewise, Guillermo Lasso, President of Ecuador, condemned the "disrespectful acts of vandalism perpetrated against democratic institutions in Brasília", and expressed his support for the government of Lula da Silva.[127]. Other condemnations came from the Mexican Secretary of Foreign Affairs Marcelo Ebrard, the foreign minister of Argentina, and the foreign-affairs ministries of Ecuador, Bolivia and Uruguay.[128][17][115]

Asia

Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi was "deeply concerned about the news of rioting and vandalism against the State institutions in Brasília". He said India extended its full support to the Brazilian authorities.[115]

Europe

EU Foreign Affairs High Representative Josep Borrell condemned the attack on the institutions.[115] President of the European Council Charles Michel expressed support for President Lula and condemned "the assault on the democratic institutions of Brazil."[129]

The Iberian governments, who have historical and linguistic ties with Latin America, supported Lula. Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez of Spain emphatically condemned the assault and showed support to Lula and to the democratically-elected Brazilian institutions, while the government of Portugal condemned the violence and stated its supporting of Brazilian authorities in restoring order and stability.[130][131][17]

President of France Emmanuel Macron declared that Lula "can count on France's unwavering support".[115] The attack was also condemned by the British Foreign Secretary James Cleverly,[132] Italian deputy prime minister and foreign affairs minister Antonio Tajani,[133] Austrian foreign minister Alexander Schallenberg[134] and the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[135] Pope Francis condemned the insurrection attempt and expressed concern for the situation in Brazil.[136]

Left-wing figures and groups in Europe, such as the former Prime Minister of Greece Alexis Tsipras and former Leader of the British Labour Party Jeremy Corbyn, expressed solidarity with Lula.[137][138]

Oceania

The Australian Government issued a statement condemning the attack on the Brazilian Congress, Supreme Court, and Presidential Palace. A Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) spokesperson described the attack as "unacceptable; democratic institutions and processes must be respected."[129]

Other

Progressive International condemned the attack on Twitter.[139]

American right-wing political activist and former Trump administration Counselor to the President, Steve Bannon, praised those participating in the attack as "Brazilian freedom fighters".[140] Bannon had reportedly been meeting with and advising Bolsonaro following his defeat in the 2022 election.[141]

See also

References

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  42. ^ Andreza Matais (7 January 2023). "Mais de 100 ônibus chegam a Brasília e governo promete endurecer contra extremistas" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Estadão. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  43. ^ a b c "Partidarios de Bolsonaro invaden el Palacio presidencial, el Congreso y la Corte Suprema de Brasil". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  44. ^ 20minutos (8 January 2023). "Directo | Asalto al Congreso de Brasil por cientos de radicales de Bolsonaro". www.20minutos.es – Últimas Noticias (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  45. ^ "Vídeo mostra policiais conversando com bolsonaristas e filmando invasão ao Congresso: 'Estão com o povo'". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  46. ^ a b "Manifestantes furam bloqueio da PM e invadem Congresso Nacional; veja vídeo". R7.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  47. ^ Spigariol, André (8 January 2023). "Protesters fly the flag of the Empire of Brazil above Congress". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  48. ^ "Invasión violenta de partidarios de Bolsonaro en las sedes de los tres poderes en Brasil: "Es un intento de golpe de Estado"". ELMUNDO (in Spanish). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  49. ^ Boechat, Yan (8 January 2023). "Pedro Ladeira, a photographer with the large Brazilian newspaper..." The New York Times.
  50. ^ Coelho, Leonardo. "The CEO of the Metropoles media group ..." The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  51. ^ TEMPO, O. (8 January 2023). "Invasões em Brasília são marcadas por violência e agressões à imprensa | O TEMPO". www.otempo.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  52. ^ "Brasil, en directo | Seguidores de Bolsonaro asaltan las instituciones en contra de Lula". La Vanguardia (in Spanish). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  53. ^ Rocha, Ibaneis [@IbaneisOficial] (8 January 2023). "Estou em Brasília monitorando as manifestações e tomando todas as providências para conter a baderna antidemocrática na Esplanada dos Ministérios" (Tweet) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Twitter.
  54. ^ Rocha, Ibaneis [@IbaneisOficial] (8 January 2023). "Determinei a exoneração do Secretário de Segurança DF, ao mesmo tempo em que coloquei todo o efetivo das forças de segurança nas ruas, com determinação de prender e punir os responsáveis. Também solicitei apoio do governo federal e coloco o GDF à disposição do mesmo" (Tweet) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Twitter.
  55. ^ a b "Bolsonaro supporters invade Brazil presidential palace, Congress, Supreme Court". reuters.com. 9 November 2023.
  56. ^ "Leia a íntegra do decreto de intervenção no Distrito Federal assinado por Lula". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  57. ^ "Intervenção federal no RJ é a 1ª desde a Constituição de 1988". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  58. ^ "Ricardo Garcia Cappelli". UNE – União Nacional dos Estudantes (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  59. ^ "Lula decreta intervenção federal na segurança do Distrito Federal". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  60. ^ Audi, Amanda (8 January 2023). "Lula calls for security intervention to quell putschist invasion". The Brazilian Report. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  61. ^ "Lula declares security intervention in Brazil capital after Bolsonarista riot". finance.yahoo.com. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
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  63. ^ Minas, Estado de; Minas, Estado de (8 January 2023). "Invasão em Brasília: 150 terroristas foram presos". Estado de Minas (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  64. ^ "Em retirada da Esplanada pela Polícia, 150 são presos e Justiça determina multa de até R$ 100 mil". Exame (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  65. ^ "'Isso é terrorismo, é golpismo', diz Dino sobre atos terroristas contra sedes dos três poderes". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  66. ^ @IbaneisOficial (8 January 2023). "Venho informar que mais de 400 pessoas já foram presas e pagarão pelos crimes cometidos. Continuamos trabalhando para identificar todas as outras que participaram desses atos terroristas na tarde de hoje no Distrito Federal. Seguimos trabalhando para que a ordem se restabeleça" (Tweet) (in Brazilian Portuguese) – via Twitter.
  67. ^ "Terroristas bolsonaristas invadem Congresso Nacional, Palácio do Planalto e STF, em Brasília". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  68. ^ "Di Cavalcanti, Constituição e vitral: extremistas destroem acervo cultural e histórico". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  69. ^ "Veja lista de objetos depredados nas três sedes do poder, em Brasília". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
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  71. ^ "VÍDEO: Ministro da Secretaria de Comunicação diz que armas e munições do GSI foram roubadas". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  72. ^ "Armas letais e documentos foram roubados do GSI durante ataque em Brasilia". www.band.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  73. ^ "Bolsonaro supporters break into Brazilian Congress and presidential palace". CNN. 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  74. ^ "Brazil police retake Congress, clear out buildings overrun by pro-Bolsonaro rioters". Agence France-Presse. The Times of Israel. 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
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  76. ^ "Pro-Bolsonaro protesters storm Brazil's Congress, high court and presidential palace". Los Angeles Times. 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  77. ^ "Grupo de vândalos deixa rastro de destruição, com cadeiras arrancadas e pichações". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  78. ^ "Bolsonaristas deixam rastro de destruição no STF: veja antes e depois | Metrópoles". www.metropoles.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  79. ^ "Veja as imagens dos palácios de Brasília depredados por golpistas". Congresso em Foco (in Brazilian Portuguese). 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  80. ^ "Funcionários encontram Planalto depredado e acham rastro de sangue: 'chorei'". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  81. ^ "Invasão aos Três Poderes danifica vitral no Congresso e mural de Di Cavalcanti; veja". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  82. ^ "Conheça o relógio de dom João 6º destruído por golpistas no Congresso". br.noticias.yahoo.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  83. ^ "Exemplar original da Constituição não foi roubado por golpistas, diz STF | Radar". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  84. ^ "Escritórios do PT e do PSDB na Câmara ficaram destruídos". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  85. ^ "Protesters storm Brazil's Congress in support of former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro". NBC News. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  86. ^ "Jair Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazil's Congress". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  87. ^ "Invasão da Esplanada: crimes pelos quais terroristas bolsonaristas podem ser enquadrados". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  88. ^ "Terroristas invadiram Congresso com máscaras, capacetes e suprimentos". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  89. ^ "Vídeo: terroristas bolsonaristas atacam policial mulher na frente do STF | Radar". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  90. ^ "O Estado de S. Paulo – Today's Front Page". FrontPages.com. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  91. ^ "Prima Pagina "El Mundo"". Giornalone (in Italian). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  92. ^ da Silva, Luiz Inácio Lula [@LulaOficial] (8 January 2023). "Vocês devem ter acompanhado a barbárie em Brasília hoje. Aquelas pessoas que chamamos de fascistas, o que há de mais abominável na política, invadiram a sede do palácio e o Congresso. Achamos que houve falta de segurança" (Tweet) (in Brazilian Portuguese) – via Twitter.
  93. ^ "Lula decreta intervenção federal na segurança pública do Distrito Federal". Gazeta do Povo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023.
  94. ^ "Tebet pede "punição exemplar" a extremistas que invadiram Esplanada". Metrópoles (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  95. ^ "Lula tours destruction at presidential palace, Supreme Court". The Washington Post. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  96. ^ "Congresso Nacional nunca dará espaço para baderna, destruição e vandalismo, diz Arthur Lira". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  97. ^ a b c Poder360 (8 January 2023). ""Ataque de terroristas": leia reações à invasão aos Três Poderes". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  98. ^ "A manifestação do STF sobre os ataques golpistas em Brasília | Radar". VEJA (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  99. ^ "Brazil's top court removes Brasilia governor over pro-Bolsonaro riots". Reuters. 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  100. ^ "Brazilian police dismantle anti-government protest camps". Financial Times. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
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  102. ^ "Brazilian troops clear Bolsonaro supporters' camp after capital stormed". Reuters. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  103. ^ Rocha, Lucas. "Governo do DF foi irresponsável, diz presidente do PT Gleisi Hoffmann". CNN Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  104. ^ Spigariol, André. "Today is a sad day for the Brazilian nation. ..." The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  105. ^ "Invasão não representa Bolsonaro, diz Valdemar Costa Neto". Poder 360. 8 January 2022.
  106. ^ Bolsonaro, Jair [@jairbolsonaro] (9 January 2023). "- Manifestações pacíficas, na forma da lei, fazem parte da democracia. Contudo, depredações e invasões de prédios públicos como ocorridos no dia de hoje, assim como os praticados pela esquerda em 2013 e 2017, fogem à regra" [- Peaceful demonstrations, in the form of the law, are part of democracy. However, depredations and invasions of public buildings as occurred today, as well as those practiced by the left in 2013 and 2017, escape the rule.] (Tweet) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2022 – via Twitter.
  107. ^ Sullivan, Helen; Glen, Allan (9 January 2023). "Brazil protests: Bolsonaro denounces violence as 400 arrested after his supporters storm congress – live". The Guardian.
  108. ^ "Ex-líder de Bolsonaro minimiza invasões e defende cassar poderes de Moraes". Metrópoles (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  109. ^ "Juliana Dal Piva – Moro acusa Lula de 'reprimir protestos' e não condena ataques em Brasília". noticias.uol.com.br (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  110. ^ Nicholas Shores (8 January 2023). "Flávio Bolsonaro nega relação de ex-presidente com invasão a Poderes" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Poder360. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  111. ^ "Silêncio, 'tiro no pé' e 'vandalismo não': a reação de bolsonaristas à invasão em Brasília". BBC News Brasil (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  112. ^ "Aliados de Bolsonaro se dividem sobre ato golpista em Brasília". Folha de S.Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  113. ^ @SorayaThronicke (8 January 2023). "Minha assessoria já entrou em campo para escrever o pedido de abertura de CPI dos Atos Antidemocráticos. A democracia aceita tudo, menos que acabem com ela" (Tweet) (in Brazilian Portuguese) – via Twitter.
  114. ^ "Ciro Gomes sobre invasões à Esplanada: "Um dos maiores crimes da história" | Metrópoles". www.metropoles.com (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  115. ^ a b c d e f g h "Global leaders condemn assault on Brazilian government buildings". Reuters. 8 January 2022.
  116. ^ "Guterres condemns assault on Brazil's democratic institutions – News360". News360 – Global News. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  117. ^ United States Embassy in Brazil [@EmbaixadaEUA] (8 January 2023). "Media and police report that an antidemocratic protest has turned violent and is now occupying areas of central Brasilia including the Brazilian National Congress and areas surrounding the Plaza of the 3 Powers" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  118. ^ "Biden says situation in Brazil 'outrageous'". Reuters. 8 January 2022.
  119. ^ "Sullivan, Blinken Condemn Brazil Violence". The Wall Street Journal. 8 January 2022.
  120. ^ Shear, Michael (8 January 2023). "Live Updates: Brazil Election Protesters Storm Government Offices". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  121. ^ "Presidente Boric condena invasión bolsonarista en Brasil: "El gobierno cuenta con todo nuestro respaldo"" (in Spanish). ADN News. 8 January 2023.
  122. ^ Press, Europa (8 January 2023). "Petro pide la aplicación de la Carta Democrática de la OEA tras los sucesos de Brasil". www.europapress.es.
  123. ^ Díaz-Canel, Miguel [@DiazCanelB] (8 January 2023). "Condenamos enérgicamente los actos violentos y antidemocráticos que ocurren en #Brasil, con el objetivo de generar caos e irrespetar la voluntad popular expresada con la elección del presidente Lula. Expresamos todo nuestro respaldo y solidaridad a @LulaOficial y su gobierno" [We strongly condemn the violent and anti-democratic acts that occur in #Brazil, with the aim of generating chaos and disrespecting the popular will expressed with the election of President Lula. We express our full support and solidarity to @LulaOficial and his government.] (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Twitter.
  124. ^ "AMLO reprueba intentos golpistas en Brasil; manifiesta su apoyo al presidente Lula da Silva". El Financiero (in Spanish). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  125. ^ Maduro, Nicolás [@NicolasMaduro] (8 January 2023). "Rechazamos de manera categórica la violencia generada por los grupos neofascistas de Bolsonaro que han asaltado las instituciones democráticas del Brasil. Nuestro respaldo a @LulaOficial y al pueblo brasileño que seguramente se movilizará en defensa de la Paz y de su presidente" [We categorically reject the violence generated by Bolsonaro's neo-fascist groups that have assaulted the democratic institutions of Brazil. Our support to @LulaOficial and to the Brazilian people who will surely mobilize in defense of Peace and its president.] (Tweet) (in Spanish). Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Twitter.
  126. ^ "Presidente da Argentina chama invasão de "tentativa de golpe de Estado"". Metrópoles (in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  127. ^ Lasso, Guillermo [@LassoGuillermo] (8 January 2023). "Condeno las acciones de irrespeto y vandalismo perpetradas a las instituciones democráticas en Brasilia, pues atentan contra el orden democrático y la seguridad ciudadana. Expreso mi respaldo y el de mi Gobierno al régimen de @LulaOficial legalmente constituido" [I condemn disrespectful acts of vandalism perpetrated against democratic institutions in Brasilia, since they threaten the democratic order and citizen security. I express my support and that of my Government to the legally constituted regime of @LulaOficial.] (Tweet) (in Spanish) – via Twitter. {{cite web}}: More than one of |author1= and |last1= specified (help)
  128. ^ "México condena asalto al Congreso de Brasil por parte de simpatizantes de Jair Bolsonaro" (in Spanish). El Imparcial. 8 January 2023.
  129. ^ a b Yerushalmy, Jonathan (9 January 2023). "World leaders condemn Brazil violence as US lawmakers call for Bolsonaro extradition". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  130. ^ "Brasil. Governo português condena violência em Brasília e reitera apoio às autoridades" (in Portuguese). Observador. 8 January 2023.
  131. ^ "Sánchez condena el asalto de bolsonaristas al Congreso brasileño y muestra su apoyo a Lula da Silva". Europa Press (in Spanish). 8 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  132. ^ Blewett, Sam (8 January 2023). "UK condemns 'violent bid to undermine democracy' by Bolsonaro backers in Brazil". The Independent. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  133. ^ "Vista como aliada de Bolsonaro, Meloni pede 'respeito' à eleição no Brasil" (in Italian). Estado de Minas. 8 January 2022.
  134. ^ "Bolsonaro-Anhänger stürmen Kongress in Brasilia" (in German). Austria Press Agency. 8 January 2022.}}
  135. ^ "Türkiye voices solidarity with Brazil's Lula after protesters storm government buildings". Anadolu Agency. 8 January 2023.
  136. ^ "Papa Francisco expresa preocupación por actos golpistas en Brasil". Prensa Latina (in Spanish). 9 January 2023.
  137. ^ Tsipras, Alexis [@atsipras] (8 January 2023). "Full solidarity to President Lula and support for democracy which is threatened once again by the organized forces of the extreme right. The int'l community must immediately condemn the attempt to overthrow the elected President and undermine democratic institutions in Brazil" (Tweet). Retrieved 8 January 2023 – via Twitter.
  138. ^ Corbyn, Jeremy [@jeremycorbyn] (8 January 2023). "Horrifying scenes in Brazil as Bolsonaro supporters storm Congress, the Presidential Palace & the Supreme Court. This insurrection is an assault on democracy & the Brazilian masses. Solidarity with @LulaOficial & all those who want to live in a free, fair and peaceful society" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  139. ^ Progressive International [@ProgIntl] (8 January 2023). "BREAKING (1/3) 🇧🇷 Bolsonaristas are leading a violent insurrection in the capital Brasilia, ransacking their way to the Congress, Supreme Court, and Presidential Palace. The @ProgIntl stands with @LulaOficial against these acts of terror and in defense of democracy in Brazil" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  140. ^ Friedman, Dan (8 January 2023). "Of Course Steve Bannon and January 6 Fans Are Cheering on the Brazilian Insurrection". Mother Jones. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  141. ^ Wade, Peter (8 January 2023). "Brazil Is Having Its Own Jan. 6 Right Now". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
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