Hessel de Vries
Hessel de Vries (November 15, 1916 in Annen – December 23, 1959 in Groningen), was a Dutch physicist and professor at the University of Groningen who furthered the detection methods and applications of radiocarbon dating to a variety of sciences. The Nobel prize was awarded for in this field in 1960, however de Vries was not a contender, since the prize is not awarded posthumously and Hessel de Vries died in 1959 by committing suicide after murdering an analyst, Anneke Hoogeveen.[1] He has been called "the unsung hero of radiocarbon dating" by Eric Willis, the first director of the radiocarbon-dating laboratory at the University of Cambridge.[2] The 1960 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Willard Libby for his radiocarbon-dating method. His other major area of research included studies of human color vision and hearing.[3][4] De Vries became a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1956.[5]
De Vries effect
In 1958, de Vries showed that baffling anomalies in the carbon-14 dates, observed by Willard Frank Libby for Egyptological samples, were in fact systematic anomalies on a global scale, represented in the carbon-14 dates of tree rings. This phenomenon has been called the "de Vries effect".[6] The correspondence with tree rings, which can be counted (one ring for each year), led to a recalibration of radiocarbon dating that was a large improvement in the accuracy.
Murder and suicide
De Vries committed suicide in 1959, after murdering a former analyst (Anneke Hoogeveen), with whom he was in love but who had become engaged to another man.[1][7]
References
- ^ a b J. J. M. Engels (2002). "Vries, Hessel de (1916-1959)". Biografisch Woordenboek van Nederland (in Dutch). Vol. 5.
- ^ Willis, E. H. (1996), Radiocarbon dating in Cambridge: some personal recollections. A Worm's Eye View of the Early Days, [1].
- ^ De Vries, H. (1956). "Physical aspects of the sense organs". Progress in Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry. 6: 207–264. doi:10.1016/S0096-4174(18)30108-2. ISSN 0096-4174. PMID 13420192.
- ^ de Waard, H. (1960-06-10). "Hessel de Vries, Physicist and Biophysicist". Science. 131 (3415): 1720–1721. Bibcode:1960Sci...131.1720D. doi:10.1126/science.131.3415.1720. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17796421.
- ^ "Hessel de Vries (1916 - 1959)". Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved 24 January 2016.
- ^ Jan Šilar (2004). "Chapter 2. Radiocarbon". In Richard Tykva and Dieter Berg (ed.). Man-Made and Natural Radioactivity in Environmental Pollution and Radiochronology. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 174. ISBN 1-4020-1860-6.
- ^ "Meisje doodgestoken in Groningen" [Girl stabbed to death in Groningen]. Utrechts Nieuwsblad (in Dutch). 24 December 1959. p. 1.
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