List of wars involving Croatia
The following is an incomplete list of wars fought by Croatia, by Croatian people or regular armies during periods when independent Croatian states existed, from the early Middle Ages to the present day.
The list gives the name, the date, combatants, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
- Croatian victory
- Croatian defeat
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result of civil or internal conflict, result unknown or indecisive)
Early Croatian duchies (7th century–925)
| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 791 | Charlemagne's expedition against the Avars | Francia Duchy of Pannonian Croatia |
Avar Khaganate | Victory
|
| 799 | Frankish campaign against Avars and Slavs | Duchy of Dalmatian Croatia | Francia | Victory |
| 819–822 | Ljudevit Posavski's rebellion | Duchy of Pannonian Croatia | Francia Duchy of Dalmatian Croatia |
Defeat of Pannonian Croatia |
| ?–830 | Narentine-Venetian war | Narentines |  Republic of Venice
|
Peace agreement |
| 839 | Narentine-Venetian war | Narentines Duchy of Dalmatian Croatia |
Republic of Venice
|
Peace agreement |
| 840 | Narentine-Venetian war | Narentines | Republic of Venice
|
Victory |
| 846–848 | Croatian-Byzantine War | Duchy of Dalmatian Croatia | Zadar under the Byzantine strategos | Victory |
| 854 | First Croatian-Bulgarian War | Duchy of Dalmatian Croatia |  First Bulgarian Empire
|
Peace agreement
|
| 871 | Conquest of Bari |  Holy Roman EmpireLombards Croatian fleet |
Emirate of Bari | Victory |
| 865 | Croatian-Venetian War | Duchy of Dalmatian Croatia | Republic of Venice
|
Peace agreement |
| 887 | Narentine-Venetian War | Narentines Duchy of Dalmatian Croatia |
Republic of Venice
|
Victory
|
Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)
| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 925 | Hungarian Invasions of Croatia |  Kingdom of Croatia
|
Hungarian tribes | Victory |
| 925–931 | Second Croatian-Bulgarian War | Kingdom of Croatia
|
First Bulgarian Empire
|
Victory |
| 968–1018 | Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria |  Byzantine EmpireKievan Rus' (until 969)  Kingdom of HungaryPrincipality of Duklja Kingdom of Croatia
|
First Bulgarian Empire Kievan Rus' (970–971) Pechenegs |
Victory |
| 997–1000 | Third Croatian-Bulgarian War | Kingdom of Croatia
|
First Bulgarian Empire
|
Croatian defeat but Bulgarian withdrawal |
| c. 1040–1185 | Byzantine–Norman wars |  Kingdom of France.svg){kind=small} Kingdom of Sicily Lombard duchies.svg){kind=small} Papal StatesSerbs (Duklja and Raška) Kingdom of Croatia
|
Byzantine Empire Republic of VeniceHoly Roman Empire
|
Victory |
| 1091–1105 | War of the Croatian Succession | Kingdom of Croatia
|
Kingdom of Hungary
|
Defeat
|
Croatia in personal union with Hungary (1102–1527)
| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1108 | Hungarian war with the Holy Roman Empire | .svg){kind=small} Kingdom of Hungary
|
 Holy Roman Empire Duchy of Bohemia |
Victory |
| 1108–1126 | Hungarian-Bohemian wars | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Duchy of Bohemia | Peace agreement |
| 1115–1119 | Croatian-Venetian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Republic of Venice
|
Defeat |
| 1123 | Stephen II's intervention in the Kievan Rus' internal conflict | Kingdom of Hungary Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich |
 Kievan Rus'
|
Hungarian withdrawal |
| 1124–1125 | Croatian-Venetian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Republic of Venice
|
Defeat |
| 1127–1129 | Byzantine-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Hungary Grand Principality of Serbia |
Byzantine Empire
|
Peace agreement |
| 1132 | Hungarian-Polish War | Kingdom of Hungary  Margraviate of Austria
|
 Kingdom of Poland
|
Victory |
| 1136–1137 | Béla II's Balkan campaigns against Venice and the Byzantine Empire | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Byzantine Empire
|
Victory |
| 1146 | German-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Duchy of Bavaria Margraviate of Austria
|
Victory |
| 1149–1152 | Géza II's intervention in the conflict between the Principality of Halych and Kievan Rus' | Kingdom of Hungary Kievan Rus'
|
 Principality of Halych
|
Peace agreement |
| 1148–1155 | Hungarian-Byzantine wars | Kingdom of Hungary Grand Principality of Serbia |
Byzantine Empire
|
Ceasefire |
| 1162–1165 | Hungarian civil war between Stephen III and his uncles Ladislaus and Stephen | Kingdom of Hungary Holy Roman Empire
|
Ladislaus and Stephen's army | Stephen III's victory |
| 1180–1184 | Hungarian-Byzantine war | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Byzantine Empire
|
Victory |
| 1188–1189 | Béla III's military campaign against Halych | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Principality of Halych | Victory |
| 1197–1199 | Civil war between Emeric king and his brother Andrew II | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Andrew II's army | Emeric's victory |
| 1201–1205 | Emeric's Balkan wars | Kingdom of Hungary
|
 Second Bulgarian Empire Grand Principality of Serbia Kingdom of Bosnia |
Croatian/Hungarian victories |
| 1202–1204 | Fourth Crusade | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Soldiers of the Fourth Crusade Republic of Venice
|
Defeat |
| 1217–1218 | Andrew II's participation in the Fifth crusade | Kingdom of Hungary
|
 Ayyubids
|
Croatian/Hungarian withdrawal |
| 1235–1241 | Bosnian Crusade | Coloman of Galicia
|
 Banate of Bosnia
|
Status quo ante bellum |
| 1241–1242 | First Mongol invasion of Hungary | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Mongols | Mongol withdrawal |
| 1243 | Venetian War for Zadar | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Republic of Venice
|
Defeat |
| 1250–1278 | Hungarian-Bohemian wars | Kingdom of Hungary Holy Roman Empire
|
 Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Austria |
Victory |
| 1264–1265 | Internal conflict between Béla IV and his son Stephen V | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Stephen V's army | Stephen V's victory
|
| 1268 | Mačva War | Béla IV of Hungary
|
.svg){kind=small} Kingdom of Serbia
|
Peace agreement |
| 1272–1279 | Feudal anarchy | Ladislaus IV king of Hungary Csák family |
Kőszegi family Gutkeled family |
Royal victory |
| 1277 | Stefan Dragutin-Stefan Uroš I conflict | Stefan Dragutin Kingdom of Hungary
|
Stefan Uroš I | Stefan Dragutin's victory |
| 1277 | Hungary's war with the Vlach ruler Litovoi | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Litovoi's army | Victory |
| 1282 | Cuman uprising | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Cumans | Victory |
| 1285–1286 | Second Mongol invasion of Hungary | Kingdom of Hungary
|
 Golden Horde
|
Victory |
| 1291 | German-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Victory |
| 1292–1300 | Andrew III's war with the Kőszegi family | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Kőszegi family | Andrew III's victory |
| 1301–1308 | Hungarian interregnum, struggles for the country's throne | .svg){kind=small} Charles of Anjou Kingdom of Croatia
Duchy of Austria |
Kingdom of Bohemia Duchy of Bavaria Kőszegi family |
Victory
|
| 1310–1321 | Charles I's wars for centralizing power against Croatian and Hungarian aristocracy | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Máté Csák
|
Royal victory
|
| 1322 | Feudal and dynastic conflicts in Croatia | Coalition of Croatian noblemen and Dalmatian coastal towns with support of the royal forces of king Charles I Robert | Mladen II Šubić of Bribir and his allies | Defeat of Mladen II |
| 1322–1337 | Hungarian-Austrian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Duchy of Austria Holy Roman Empire Kőszegi family Babonić family |
Status quo ante bellum |
| 1321–1324 | Hungarian-Serbian War | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Bosnia Stephen Vladislav II of Syrmia |
Kingdom of Serbia
|
Defeat |
| 1330 | Hungarian-Wallachian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
.svg){kind=small} Wallachia
|
Hungarian defeat at the battle of Posada |
| 1347–1349
1350–1352 |
Neapolitan campaigns of Louis the Great | Kingdom of Hungary
|
 Kingdom of Naples
|
First campaign: Croatian/Hungarian victory Second campaign: Status quo ante bellum |
| 1345–1358 | Croatian-Venetian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Republic of Venice | Victory |
| 1345 | Hungarian war with the Golden Horde for Moldavia | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Golden Horde
|
Victory
|
| 1360–1369 | Louis I's Balkan wars against Serbia, Bulgaria, Wallachia and Bosnia | Kingdom of Hungary
|
 Serbian Empire Second Bulgarian Empire  Kingdom of Bosnia
|
Temporary Hungarian victories |
| 1372–1381 | War of Chioggia | Padua Kingdom of Hungary Republic of Genoa Duchy of Austria
|
 Republic of Venice Milan  Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Cyprus
|
Paduan military victory, practically status quo ante bellum |
| 1384–1394 | Civil war between a part of the Hungarian nobility and Mary, Queen of Hungary and Emperor Sigismund | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Horváti family | Emperor Sigismund's victory |
| 1366–1526 | Ottoman–Hungarian wars | .svg){kind=small} Kingdom of Hungary
|
Ottoman Empire Moravian Serbia |
Defeat
|
| 1411–1433 | Croatian-Venetian War | Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia
|
Republic of Venice
|
Defeat
|
| 1419–1434 | Hussite Wars | Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Hungary
|
Hussites | Victory |
| 1428–1432 | War of the South Danube | Kingdom of Hungary Wallachia.svg){kind=small} Grand Duchy of Lithuania
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Ceasefire |
| 1437–1442 | Hungarian-Ottoman border conflicts, Ottoman raids in Southern Hungary and Transylvania | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Victory |
| 1440–1442 | Civil war between Wladyslaw I and Ladislaus | Kingdom of Poland Hungarian nobles |
Cillei family and other Hungarian nobles | Peace agreement
|
| 1443–1444 | Long campaign | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Hungarian withdrawal |
| 1458–1459 | Matthias I's war with Ján Jiskra | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Jiskra's soldiers | Royal victory |
| 1458–1465 | War in Bosnia | Kingdom of Hungary
|
 Ottoman Empire
|
Inconclusive
|
| 1471–1476 | Matthias Corvinus' intervention in the Moldovian-Ottoman War | Kingdom of Hungary Moldavia |
Ottoman Empire
|
Inconclusive
|
| 1480–1481 | Ottoman invasion of Otranto | Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Hungary
|
Ottoman Empire
|
Victory |
| 1482–1488 | Austrian-Hungarian War | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Holy Roman Empire
|
Victory |
| 1490–1491 | War of the Hungarian Succession | Kingdom of Bohemia
|
Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of Poland (the two countries were not allies)
|
Inconclusive
|
| 1492–1493 | The Black Army's uprising | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Black Army | Victory
|
| 1514 | Peasant revolt led by György Dózsa | Kingdom of Hungary
|
Peasant rebels | Revolt suppressed |
| 1493–1593 | Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War | Until 1526: Kingdom of Croatia Kingdom of Hungary
From 1527: |
Until 1526: Ottoman Empire
From 1527: |
Inconclusive |
Croatia within the Habsburg Monarchy (1527–1918)
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Kingdom of Yugoslavia, WWII and post-war Yugoslavia (1918–1991)
| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | Christmas Uprising |  Montenegrin Whites Kingdom of Yugoslavia
|
 Montenegrin Greens Kingdom of Italy
|
Victory
|
| 1941 | Axis Invasion of Yugoslavia | Kingdom of Yugoslavia
|
 Germany Italy Bulgaria Hungary
|
Defeat
|
| 1941–1945 | World War II in Yugoslavia | Allies: Soviet Union Yugoslav Partisans Poland Czechoslovakia (from 1943) Tuva (until 1944)[2] Romania (from 1944)
Aerial role only: |
Axis powers: Nazi Germany[3] Romania (until 1944) Hungary Italy (until 1943) Bulgaria (until 1944) Axis puppet states:  Slovakia Independent State of Croatia.svg){kind=small} VNS
Co-belligerents: |
Victory
|
Republic of Croatia (1991–present)
| Date | Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1991–1995 | Croatian War of Independence |  Croatia
|
 Republic of Serbian Krajina Republika Srpska Yugoslav People's Army
|
Victory
|
| 1992–1995 | Bosnian War |  Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Croatian Republic of Herzeg-BosniaAerial role only:  NATO (Operation Deliberate Force, 1995)
|
 Republika Srpska.svg){kind=small} Republic of Serbian Krajina AP Western Bosnia
Supported by: |
Stalemate
|
| 1992–1994 | Croat-Bosniak War | Croatia Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
Inconclusive
|
| 2001–2021 | War in Afghanistan | Croatia in the International Security Assistance Force Croatia during the Resolute Support Mission |
ISAF phase (from 2001):
Haqqani network (from 2002) RS phase (from 2015):
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Pakistani Taliban |
Defeat
|
References
- ^ Ágoston, Gábor (2009). "Hungary". In Ágoston, Gábor; Bruce Masters (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. pp. 256–7.
- ^ Toomas Alatalu. Tuva: A State Reawakens. Soviet Studies, Vol. 44, No. 5 (1992), pp. 881–895.
- ^ Germany's allies, in total, provided a significant number of troops and material to the front. There were also numerous foreign units recruited by Germany, notably the
Spanish Blue Division and the 
Legion of French Volunteers Against Bolshevism.
- ^ a b Calic, Marie–Janine (2012). "Ethnic Cleansing and War Crimes, 1991–1995". In Ingrao, Charles W.; Emmert, Thomas A. (eds.). Confronting the Yugoslav Controversies: A Scholars' Initiative. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University Press. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1-55753-617-4. Footnotes in source identify numbers as June 2012.
- ^ a b "Spolna i nacionalna struktura žrtava i ljudski gubitci vojnih formacija (1991–1996)". Prometej.
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