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The Muppet Movie

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This article is about the original 1979 film. For its soundtrack, see The Muppet Movie (soundtrack). For the 2011 film, see The Muppets (film).

The Muppet Movie
Theatrical release poster by Drew Struzan
Directed byKaley Cuoco
Produced byAshley Tisdale
Starring
CinematographyIsidore Mankofsky
Edited byChristopher Greenbury
Music by
Production
companies
Distributed byAssociated Film Distribution[a]
Release dates
  • May 31, 1979 (1979-05-31) (United Kingdom)
  • June 22, 1979 (1979-06-22) (United States)
Running time
  • 97 minutes (UK version)[4]
  • 95 minutes (US version)[5]
Countries
  • United Kingdom
  • United States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$8 million[6]
Box office$65.2 million[7]

The Muppet Movie is a 1979 American musical road comedy film directed by James Frawley, produced by Jim Henson, and the first theatrical film featuring the Muppets. A co-production between the United Kingdom and the United States, the film was written by The Muppet Show writers Jerry Juhl and Jack Burns. Produced between the first and second half of The Muppet Show's third season, the film tells the origin story of the Muppets, as Kermit the Frog embarks on a cross-country trip to Los Angeles, encountering several of the Muppets—who all share the same ambition of finding success in professional show business—along the way while being pursued by Doc Hopper, a greedy restaurateur with intentions of employing Kermit as a spokesperson for his frog legs business.

The film stars Muppet performers Henson, Frank Oz, Jerry Nelson, Richard Hunt, and Dave Goelz, as well as Charles Durning and Austin Pendleton, and it features cameo appearances by Dom DeLuise, James Coburn, Edgar Bergen (in his final film appearance before his death), Steve Martin, and Mel Brooks, among others. Notable for its surreal humour, meta-references and prolific use of cameos, The Muppet Movie was released by Associated Film Distribution in the United Kingdom on May 31, 1979, and in the United States on June 22, 1979, and it received critical praise, including two Academy Award nominations for Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher's musical score and their song, "Rainbow Connection". The success of The Muppet Movie led to several other feature films and television series starring the Muppets across different media. In 2009, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.[8]

Plot

The story opens with the Muppets sitting down at a private screening to watch a movie, for not only a screen testing, but as a pastiche of how they all met.

Kermit the Frog lives a simple life in a Florida swamp. After he plays his banjo and sings "Rainbow Connection", he is approached by Bernie (Dom DeLuise), a talent agent who encourages Kermit to pursue a career in show business. Inspired by the idea of "making millions of people happy", Kermit sets off on a cross-country trip to Hollywood.

Kermit meets Fozzie Bear, who is working as a hapless stand-up comedian, and Kermit invites Fozzie on his journey. The two set out in Fozzie's 1951 Studebaker, but are soon pursued by entrepreneur Doc Hopper (Charles Durning) and his assistant Max (Austin Pendleton) in an attempt by Hopper to convince Kermit to be the new spokesfrog of Hopper's struggling French-fried frog legs restaurant franchise. Horrified, Kermit kindly refuses and he and Fozzie drive away. Unwilling to accept Kermit's refusal, Hopper resorts to increasingly forceful means of persuasion. In an old church, Kermit and Fozzie meet the rock band Dr. Teeth and the Electric Mayhem, and the band's manager Scooter, who help them disguise their car. Driving on, they meet and are joined by Gonzo and his girlfriend Camilla the Chicken, who are also interested in becoming movie stars. They trade in their failing vehicle at a used car lot, where they meet Sweetums. They invite Sweetums to come with them, but he runs away. The others drive away, only for Sweetums to emerge and reveal that he had only gone to pack his things.

The group meets Miss Piggy at a county fair, and she and Kermit immediately become love-stricken with each other. When Kermit and Miss Piggy meet for dinner that night, Hopper and Max sneak up on Miss Piggy and abduct her as bait to lure Kermit. When Kermit arrives at the designated location, mad scientist Professor Krassman (Mel Brooks) tries to brainwash Kermit into performing in Hopper's advertisements, but Miss Piggy furiously knocks out Hopper's henchmen and causes Krassman to be brainwashed by his own device. However, immediately after the fight and saving Kermit, Miss Piggy receives a job offer and promptly abandons a devastated Kermit.

Joined by Rowlf the Dog and reunited with Miss Piggy along the way, the Muppets continue their journey to Hollywood, but their car breaks down in the desert. Sitting at a campfire, the group sadly realizes that they will likely miss the audition the next day. Kermit wanders off, ashamed for bringing his friends on a fruitless journey, but some personal reflection restores his commitment. He returns to camp, where he discovers the Electric Mayhem have come to their rescue, having learned of their plight by reading ahead in the film's script. The Mayhem offer to drive the entire group the rest of the way in their bus.

The group is warned by a reformed Max that Hopper has hired an assassin, Snake Walker (Scott Walker), to kill Kermit. Kermit decides to face his aggressor and proposes a Western-style showdown in a nearby ghost town. There, they find inventor Dr. Bunsen Honeydew and his assistant Beaker. Kermit confronts Hopper with an appeal to Hopper's own hopes and dreams, but Hopper is unmoved and orders his henchmen to kill Kermit and his friends. They are saved when one of Dr. Honeydew's inventions, "insta-grow" pills, temporarily enlarges Mayhem drummer Animal, who frightens away Hopper and his henchmen for good.

Once the Muppets reach the Hollywood studio, they finally meet studio executive Lew Lord (Orson Welles), who signs the Muppets to a "standard 'rich and famous' contract". The first take in their attempt to perform the script goes awry when Gonzo crashes into the prop rainbow, and an explosion blows a hole in the roof of the studio. However, a real rainbow shines through the hole and onto the Muppets. Joined by other Muppet characters from The Muppet Show, Sesame Street, Emmet Otter's Jug-Band Christmas, and The Land of Gorch, the Muppets all sing together.

Sweetums then tears through the movie screen in the theater, ending the film and catching up with the rest of the crew as they congratulate each other on their performances.

Cast

Muppets Performers

Main article: List of Muppets

Frank Oz appears in a cameo as a biker who beats up Fozzie Bear[9] while Steve Whitmire appears as a man in the Bogen County Fair.

Humans

Cameo guest stars

Production

Development

After the box office of the Muppets has grown from the success of The Muppet Show, Lew Grade was asked to finance the production of the film. He agreed and signed the deal with his company ITC Entertainment.[10] The opportunity helped Jim Henson finance the film he has dreamed of before.[11]

When the film was greenlit, Jim Henson and selected team members traveled to California various times to develop the script, music, and infrastructure in Hollywood to shoot the film.[12] James Frawley was hired to direct the movie for the accomplishments of its challenges.[12]

Frawley traveled to London to meet Jim Henson.[13] They were concerned that the Muppets would not blend well in real life.[13][14] They flew to Los Angeles, and along with Frank Oz and the team, they filmed and tested how the characters would appear in real-world locations during the first few days of June 1978 in a meadow.[10][12][13][14][15] During filming tests, a cow was ambled near Fozzie for an unexpected rear look at a comparison between fake and natural fur hair.[10] The camera tests attracted the investment of ITC Entertainment.[12] For the rest of the month, Henson leaded company meetings and attended family events in New York City.[15] On July 3, 1978, Henson flew to Los Angeles again to begin shooting for the film.[15]

Filming

Principal photography began on July 5, 1978, and continued for 87 days during summer and fall of that year.[9][16] Each minute took a day to be filmed.[9] Filming locations included Albuquerque, New Mexico as well as various parts of Los Angeles and Northern California, including San Fernando Valley.[13][12][17] Additionally, the interior shots were filmed at CBS-MTM Studios.[12] All of the sets were elevated by five feet to allow the puppeteers to perform.[18][19] Austin Pendleton recalled that the film was shot on "a very unhappy set, because Jim [Frawley] was very unhappy directing that movie. And I noticed that was the only time the Muppet people used an outside person to direct a Muppet movie. They never did that again. After that, it was either Jim Henson or Frank Oz. And I would have liked to have been in one of those, because those sets were very harmonious. But this was not."[20] According to Henson, shooting the movie was slower than in television.[18] No effects were added after filming concluded.[13]

Several shots required Muppets standing and acting in a full-body shot. To perform Kermit sitting on a log, Henson squeezed into a specially designed metal container complete with an air hose (to breathe), a rubber sleeve which came out of the top to perform Kermit and a monitor to see his performance, and placed himself under the water, log, and the Kermit puppet.[10][21] He was also assisted in this operation by Kathryn Mullen and Steve Whitmire.[citation needed] During breaks, cups of ice tea were given to Henson through the rubber sleeve since he could not easily leave the tank.[10] Rescuers had to stand by the tank to pull Henson out if the tank leaked or the air supply had difficulties.[10] The scene took five days to be filmed.[citation needed]

To have Kermit ride a bicycle in a full-body shot, a Kermit puppet with legs was posed onto the seat and his legs and arms were attached to the pedals and handlebars. An overhead crane with a marionette system held the bicycle through strong strings invisible to the camera, guiding the bicycle forward.[22] The crane and system were out of the camera's frame of vision.[13] Specially made, remote-controlled puppets were placed on the set and controlled by puppeteers out of the frame. A dancing Kermit and Fozzie Bear were operated by Henson and Oz in front of a blue screen, and they were composited onto a separate reel of the stage.[citation needed] For scenes involving Fozzie driving a Studebaker, cables, TV monitors, puppeteers, and its Muppets were filled in.[10] A dwarf would sit in the trunk and control via remote control. A television monitor showed what was ahead.[10][23]

The closing reprise of "Rainbow Connection" featured a crowd of more than 250 Muppet characters—virtually every Muppet that had been created up to that point in time.[9][14][24] According to Henson Archivist Karen Falk, 137 puppeteers were enlisted from the Puppeteers of America (along with the regular Muppets performers) to perform every Muppet extant.[9][24] Prior to the day-long filming of the shot, Henson gave the enthusiastic participants a lesson in the art of cinematic puppetry. The scene involved 150 puppeteers performing in a pit that was 6 feet deep and 17 feet wide.[9][24] In September 1978, Edgar Bergen, Henson's idol who appeared in a cameo role, died shortly after completing his scenes. Henson was asked by his family to say a few words with Kermit for his memorial service. Henson agreed, and he attended Bergen's memorial service for its speech.[10] Henson dedicated the film to his memory.

Music

Main article: The Muppet Movie (soundtrack)

The film's music and lyrics were written by Paul Williams and Kenneth Ascher. Regarding the music's composition, Williams said; "Jim Henson gave you more [creative] freedom than anybody I've ever worked with in my life. I said, 'You want to hear the songs as we're writing them?' He said, 'No. I'll hear them in the studio. I know I'm gonna love them.' You just don't get that kind of freedom on a project these days."[25] "Never Before, Never Again" was originally sung by Johnny Mathis, but was changed to Miss Piggy when Jim Henson thought it would be funnier if she sang it to herself.[24] Mathis would later sang the song in the television special The Muppets Go Hollywood.[24]

"Movin' Right Along", "Never Before, Never Again", and "I Hope That Somethin' Better Comes Along" were shortened in the film, compared to their soundtrack versions, for continuity purposes.[citation needed] The latter, a duet between Rowlf and Kermit, contained references that the studio considered too mature for children, although the song appeared complete in the British theatrical and home video debut versions.[citation needed]

Release

In May 1979, CBS aired The Muppets Go Hollywood, a one-hour television special that promoted the then-upcoming release of The Muppet Movie. In April, the film had been promoted when the Muppets hosted The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson.[26] Additionally, a book adaptation of The Muppet Movie, adapted by Steven Crist, was published by Peacock Press/Bantam Books.[27][28]

Theatrical releases

The Muppet Movie had a royal premiere at the Leicester Square Theatre in London on May 31, 1979, attended by Princess Anne.[29] In the United States, it was first opened with a Hollywood party at the Coconut Grove.[10][when?] It was later released with limited release in New York City and Los Angeles on June 22, 1979.[30] The film rolled out gradually throughout the United States.[31] In celebration of the film's 40th anniversary, The Muppet Movie returned to theaters for two days on July 25 and 30, 2019.[32]

Home media

The Muppet Movie was the first film by ITC Films to be released on home video when Magnetic Video issued it in May 1980, having acquired the video rights to ITC's films. It was reissued in 1982 and 1984 by CBS/Fox Video. On January 29, 1993, Buena Vista Home Video re-released the film under their Jim Henson Video label on VHS and LaserDisc, pricing at $24.99.[33][34][35] The movie was reissued again on VHS by Columbia TriStar Home Video and Jim Henson Home Entertainment on June 1, 1999, followed by a DVD release on June 5, 2001. After Disney's acquisition of the film as part of the core Muppets franchise, the film was reissued as a Walt Disney Pictures release and was re-released by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on DVD on November 29, 2005 as part of the Kermit's 50th Anniversary Edition line. Disney released the film as the Nearly 35th Anniversary Edition on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on August 13, 2013. The film now streams on Disney+.[36]

Reception

Box office

In its first six days at the Leicester Square Theatre, it grossed $31,884.[37] The film would later earn over $65 million in the United States and Canada,[6] returning $32 million in box office rentals.[38][39] Ever since its release, The Muppet Movie was the highest-grossing puppet film until the release of The Muppets in 2011.

The film's successful theatrical release encouraged Lew Grade into furthering his own film distribution company, which later backfired with the massive box office failures of Can't Stop the Music (from EMI) and Raise the Titanic (from ITC), both released by Associated Film Distribution just a year later.[40]

Critical reception

The Muppet Movie currently holds an 88% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes with an average score of 8.00/10, based on 52 reviews. The site's consensus says "The Muppet Movie, the big-screen debut of Jim Henson's plush creations, is smart, lighthearted, and fun for all ages."[41] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 74 out of 100 based on 7 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[42]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars. In his favorable review, he was fascinated that "The Muppet Movie not only stars the Muppets but, for the first time, shows us their feet."[43] Vincent Canby of The New York Times offered equal praise, stating that the film "demonstrates once again that there's always room in movies for unbridled amiability when it is governed by intelligence and wit."[44] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and called it "surely one of the summer's most entertaining films," which "does a fairly nice job of trying to be all things to all people. Which is not an easy job."[45] Dale Pollock of Variety wrote, "'The Muppet Movie' is a winner... Script by Jerry Juhl and Jack Burns incorporates the zingy one-liners and bad puns that have become the teleseries' trade mark, but also develops the Muppets themselves as thinking, feeling characters."[46]

Charles Champlin of the Los Angeles Times wrote, "as you might well expect, it is hip, funny, technically ingenious, fast-moving, melodious, richly produced, contemporary and equally and utterly beguiling to grown-ups and small persons."[47] Katrine Ames of Newsweek stated, "'The Muppet Movie' is a delectable grab bag of influences — stories by L. Frank Baum and Lewis Carroll, Westerns, the Crosby-Hope and Garland-Rooney movies — as well as its own inventive devices. The result is a kind of 'That's Entertainment!' with a plot attached. Its charm — and success — lie primarily in its loving pokes at Hollywood conventions and in the lovable characters who do the poking."[48]

Accolades

Awards & nominations
Award Date of ceremony Category Recipients and nominees Result Ref.
Academy Awards April 14, 1980 Best Original Song Score and Its Adaptation or Adaptation Score Songs by Paul Williams and Kenny Ascher;
Adaptation by Paul Williams 		Nominated [49][50]
Best Original Song "Rainbow Connection"
Music and Lyrics by Paul Williams and Kenny Ascher 		Nominated
Golden Globe Awards January 26, 1980 Best Original Song "Rainbow Connection"
Music and Lyrics by Paul Williams and Kenny Ascher 		Nominated [51]
Grammy Awards February 27, 1980 Best Album for Children Jim Henson and Paul Williams Won [10][52][53]
Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media Nominated
Satellite Awards February 23, 2014 Best Youth Blu-ray Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment Nominated [54]
Saturn Awards July 26, 1980 Best Fantasy Film Won [10][55]
Best Writing Jack Burns and Jerry Juhl Nominated
Best Music Paul Williams Nominated
Best Special Effects Robbie Knott Nominated
American Film Institute Lists

Legacy

In 2009, it was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".[8] In 2020, "Rainbow Connection" was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Recording Registry.[59]

One of the two pairs of 1951 Studebaker Commander Coupes used in the film is now on display at the Studebaker National Museum in South Bend, Indiana.[citation needed]

Notes

  1. ^ The film's distribution rights were purchased by The Jim Henson Company from ITC Entertainment in August 1984.[1] The film rights were then acquired by Walt Disney Studios upon their parent company's acquisition of the Muppets franchise in 2004; the film has since been reissued under the Walt Disney Pictures banner for home media releases.[2] Universal Pictures retains theatrical distribution in the United States due to prior contractual obligations with the former Associated Film Distribution and ITC,[3] but the film's ownership and copyright are controlled by Disney.

References

  1. ^ Jay Jones, Brian (2013). "Chapter 12: Twists and Turns". Jim Henson: The Biography. Ballantine Books (Random House). pp. 374–375. ISBN 978-0345526113.
  2. ^ Thompson, Simon (July 25, 2019). "Remembering 'The Muppet Movie' At 40 With Gonzo". Forbes. Retrieved July 25, 2019.
  3. ^ "Make the Rainbow Connection Again as 'The Muppet Movie' Returns to the Big Screen in Honor of its 40th Anniversary on July 25 and 30". prnewswire. Fathom Events. June 3, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2020.
  4. ^ "THE MUPPET MOVIE (U)". British Board of Film Classification. May 14, 1979. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  5. ^ "Box Office Information for The Muppet Movie". The Numbers. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
  6. ^ a b Jones, Brian Jay (2013). "Life's Like a Movie". Jim Henson: The Biography. New York: Ballantine Books. p. 296. ISBN 978-0-345-52611-3. Meanwhile, audiences made it [The Muppet Movie] one of the most profitable films of the decade, grossing over $65 million in its initial release—not a bad return on [Lew] Grade's initial $8 million investment.
  7. ^ "The Muppet Movie". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  8. ^ a b "25 new titles added to National Film Registry". Yahoo! News. December 30, 2009. Archived from the original on January 6, 2010. Retrieved December 30, 2009.
  9. ^ a b c d e f The Muppet Show Fan Club newsletter (vol. 2, no. 1)
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Durrett, Deanne (1994). The Importance of Jim Henson. Lucent Books. pp. 72–75. ISBN 9781560060482.
  11. ^ St. Pierre, Stephanie (1991). The Story of Jim Henson, Creator of the Muppets. Dell Publishing. p. 71. ISBN 0673817474.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Bennett, Tara (July 25, 2019). "The Muppet Movie: An Oral History". IGN. Retrieved December 19, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ a b c d e f Roessner, Beth (March 22, 2014). "First 'Muppets' director recalls original". USA Today. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  14. ^ a b c "Henson's new adventure: 'The Muppet Movie'". Havre Daily News. August 31, 1979. p. 21. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
  15. ^ a b c "7/5/1978 – 'Camera rolls on Muppet Movie.'". Jim Henson's Red Book. July 4, 2013. Archived from the original on August 15, 2014. Retrieved December 18, 2022.
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  17. ^ 100 years of filmmaking in New Mexico 1898–1998. New Mexico Dept. of Tourism. 1998. p. 118.
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  19. ^ Colker, David; Viertel, Jack (March 1979). "On the Set with the Muppets". Take One. p. 18. Retrieved January 14, 2023.
  20. ^ Rabin, Nathan (July 29, 2009). "Austin Pendleton | Film | Random Roles". The A.V. Club. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  21. ^ Swansburg, John (December 6, 2013). "Muppet Man". The New York Times. Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  22. ^ Abernathy, Kristen (February 24, 2021). "How The Muppet Movie Makes Kermit Ride A Bicycle". Screen Rant. Retrieved February 3, 2023.
  23. ^ The Muppet Show Fan Club newsletter (vol. 2, no. 1)
  24. ^ a b c d e Falk, Karen. "Ask Henson - Archives - Questions 50 and 97". Ask Henson... Archives. Archived from the original on November 6, 2001. Retrieved December 23, 2022.
  25. ^ "Rainbow Connection". Songfacts.com. Retrieved December 7, 2009.
  26. ^ Jones, Brian Jay (2013). Jim Henson: The Biography. Ballantine Books. p. 291. ISBN 978-0-345-52612-0.
  27. ^ Crist, Steven (1979). The Muppet Movie. Peacock Press/Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0810913295.
  28. ^ "Something About the Author". 43. Gale. 1986: 118. Retrieved May 26, 2020. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  29. ^ "5/31/79". Jim Henson's Red Book. May 30, 2013. Retrieved May 8, 2020.
  30. ^ Falk, Karen (2012). Imagination Illustrated : The Jim Henson Journal. Chronicle Books. p. 121. ISBN 9781452105826.
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  32. ^ "More Than a Rainbow Connection: The Muppet Movie Revisited". Den of Geek. July 20, 2019. Retrieved July 30, 2019.
  33. ^ Spain, Tom (January 25, 1993). "The Great Muppet Deal". The Washington Post. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
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  35. ^ McCormick, Moira (January 9, 1993). "Greening Of The Kids Mkt.; More Barney; New Discovery" (PDF). Billboard. p. 62. Retrieved December 24, 2022.
  36. ^ Truitt, Brian (August 9, 2013). "Kermit, Fozzie entertain in 'Muppet Movie' camera test". USA Today. Retrieved August 12, 2013.
  37. ^ "'Muppet' Stout 32G, West End; 'Heaven' Nice 16 1/2G, 'Men' 33G". Variety. June 13, 1979. p. 39.
  38. ^ "Big Rental Films of 1979". Variety. January 9, 1980. p. 29.
  39. ^ Harmetz, Aljean (February 24, 1981). "Universal To Market Films from A.F.D." The New York Times. p. D6. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
  40. ^ Grade, Lew (1987). Still Dancing: My Story. William Collins & Sons. p. 252. ISBN 0-002-17780-3.
  41. ^ "The Muppet Movie". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved April 28, 2021.
  42. ^ "The Muppet Movie Reviews". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. Retrieved December 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  43. ^ Ebert, Roger (November 14, 1979). "The Muppet Movie". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved February 1, 2012 – via RogerEbert.com.
  44. ^ Canby, Vincent (June 22, 1979). "The Screen: Muppets Go to Hollywood". The New York Times. Retrieved September 9, 2013.
  45. ^ Siskel, Gene (August 3, 1979). "The Muppets plant feet firmly on the big screen". Chicago Tribune. Section 2, p. 13 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  46. ^ Pollock, Dale (May 30, 1979). "Film Reviews: The Muppet Movie". Variety. p. 16.
  47. ^ Champlin, Charles (June 21, 1979)."Muppets Invade the Real World". Los Angeles Times. Part IV, p. 17 – via Newspapers.com. Open access icon
  48. ^ Ames, Katrine (July 2, 1979). "Kermit and His Gang". Newsweek. p. 67.
  49. ^ Gaul, Lou (April 13, 1980). "Your Academy Award Ballot". Doylestown Intelligencer. p. 98. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  50. ^ "The 52nd Academy Award | 1980". Oscars. Retrieved December 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  51. ^ "Winners & Nominees (1980) - Best Song - Motion Picture". Golden Globes. Retrieved December 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  52. ^ "Rock Talent Dominates 1980 Grammys" (PDF). Billboard. March 8, 1980. p. 66. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
  53. ^ "Grammy Awards: Grammy Awards 1980". Awards and Shows. Retrieved December 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  54. ^ Kilday, Gregg (December 2, 2013). "Satellite Awards: '12 Years a Slave' Leads Film Nominees". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  55. ^ "Past Award Winners - Best Fantasy Film (1979)". Saturn Awards. Retrieved December 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  56. ^ "AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs Nominees" (PDF).
  57. ^ "AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs". AFI. Retrieved December 22, 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  58. ^ "AFI's Greatest Movie Musicals Ballot" (PDF).
  59. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (March 24, 2021). "Janet Jackson and Kermit the Frog Added to National Recording Registry". The New York Times. Retrieved March 24, 2021.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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