27 Club
The 27 Club is an informal list consisting mostly of popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27.[2][3][4][5][6] Although the claim of a "statistical spike" for the death of musicians at that age has been refuted by scientific research, it remains a cultural phenomenon, documenting the deaths of celebrities, many noted for their high-risk lifestyles. Because the club is entirely notional, there is no official membership.
Cultural phenomenon
Beginning with the deaths of several 27-year-old popular musicians between 1969 and 1971, dying at the age of 27 came to be, and remains, a perennial subject of popular culture, celebrity journalism, and entertainment industry lore.[2][3] This cultural phenomenon, which came to be known as the "27 Club," attributes special significance to popular musicians, artists, actors, and other celebrities who died at age 27, often as a result of drug and alcohol abuse or violent means such as homicide, suicide, or transportation-related accidents.[7] Several exhibitions have been devoted to the idea, as well as novels, films and stage plays.[8][9][6][10] The cultural phenomenon also gave rise to an urban myth that celebrity deaths are more common at 27, a claim that has been refuted by statistical research.[11][5]
History
Brian Jones, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Jim Morrison all died at the age of 27 between 1969 and 1971. At the time, the coincidence gave rise to some comment,[12][13] but it was not until Kurt Cobain's 1994 death, at age 27, that the idea of a "27 Club" began to catch on in public perception.[14] Blues musician Robert Johnson, who died in 1938, is one of the earliest popular musicians to be included in lists of 27 Club members.[15]
According to Hendrix and Cobain's biographer Charles R. Cross, the growing importance of the media—Internet, magazines, and television—and the response to an interview of Cobain's mother were jointly responsible for such theories. An excerpt from a statement that Cobain's mother, Wendy Fradenburg Cobain O'Connor, made in the Aberdeen, Washington, newspaper The Daily World—"Now he's gone and joined that stupid club. I told him not to join that stupid club."—referred to Hendrix, Joplin, and Morrison dying at the same age, according to Cross.[16] Other authors share his view.[17] On the other hand, Eric Segalstad, writer of The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll, assumed that Cobain's mother referred to the death of his two uncles and his great-uncle, all of whom had also committed suicide.[18] According to Cross, the events have led a "set of conspiracy theorists [to suggest] the absurd notion that Kurt Cobain intentionally timed his death so he could join the 27 Club".[14]
In 2011, seventeen years after Cobain's death, Amy Winehouse died at the age of 27, prompting a renewed swell of media attention devoted to the club once again.[19] Three years earlier, she had expressed a fear of dying at that age.[20]
An individual does not necessarily have to be a musician to qualify as a "member" of the 27 Club. Rolling Stone included television actor Jonathan Brandis, who committed suicide in 2003, in a list of 27 Club members.[15] Anton Yelchin, who had played in a punk rock band but was primarily known as a film actor, was also described as a member of the club upon his death in 2016.[21] Likewise, Jean-Michel Basquiat has been included in 27 Club lists, despite the relative brevity of his music career, and his prominence as a painter.[22]
Scientific studies
According to music biographer Charles R. Cross, "The number of musicians who passed away at 27 is truly remarkable by any standard. Though humans die regularly at all ages, there is a statistical spike for musicians who die at 27."[14]
Despite the cultural significance given to musician and celebrity deaths at age 27, the claim that they are statistically more common at this age is an urban myth, refuted by scientific research.[2]
A study by university academics published in the British Medical Journal in December 2011 concluded that there was no increase in the risk of death for musicians at the age of 27, stating that there were equally small increases at ages 25 and 32. The study noted that young adult musicians have a higher death rate than the general young adult population, surmising that "fame may increase the risk of death among musicians, but this risk is not limited to age 27". The selection criteria for the musicians included in the study, based on having scored a UK No. 1 album between 1956 and 2007, excluded several notable members of the 27 Club, including Hendrix, Joplin, Morrison, Pete Ham, and Ron "Pigpen" McKernan.[11]
A 2014 article at The Conversation suggested that statistical evidence shows popular musicians are most likely to die at the age of 56 (2.2% compared to 1.3% at 27).[5]
In popular culture
Music
- The name of the song "27" by Fall Out Boy from their 2008 album Folie à Deux is a reference to the club. The lyrics explore the hedonistic lifestyles common in rock and roll. Pete Wentz, the primary lyricist of Fall Out Boy, wrote the song because he felt that he was living a similarly dangerous lifestyle.[23]
- John Craigie's song "28", which appeared on his 2009 album Montana Tale, and 2018 live album Opening for Steinbeck, is written from the perspective of 27 Club members Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain, as each contemplates their respective mortality and imagines what they would do differently "if I could only make it to twenty eight."[24][25] Craigie wrote the song when he himself was age 27.[26]
- The theme is referenced in the song "27 Forever" by Eric Burdon, on his 2013 album 'Til Your River Runs Dry.[27]
- The band Letlive featured a song named "27 Club" on its 2013 album The Blackest Beautiful.[28]
- Magenta's 2013 studio album The Twenty Seven Club directly references the club. Each track is a tribute to a member of the club.[29]
- Daughtry's song "Long Live Rock & Roll" from their 2013 album Baptized references the club with the lyrics "they're forever 27 – Jimmy, Janis, Brian Jones".[30]
- Rapper Watsky references the club on his 2014 song "All You Can Do" with the lyric, "I tried to join the 27 Club; they kicked me out."[31] The song then goes on to reference some famous members of the club, namely Amy Winehouse, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain, Jim Morrison, and Brian Jones.
- Frank Ocean's 2016 song "Nights" features the lyric "No white lighters 'til I fuck my 28th up", referencing the white lighter myth associated with many members of the 27 club.[32]
- Mac Miller's 2015 song "Brand Name" contains the lyric "To everyone who sell me drugs: Don't mix it with that bullshit; I'm hoping not to join the 27 Club".[33][user-generated source] Miller died aged 26, after consuming counterfeit oxycodone pills that contained fentanyl.[34]
- The song "27 Club" by Ivy Levan, released as a promotional single for her 2015 album No Good, refers to the club.[35]
- JPEGMafia's 2016 album Black Ben Carson includes a song titled "The 27 Club", which the song refers to the infamous club. He explicitly references fallen members Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, and Kurt Cobain.[36]
- The Halsey song "Colors" includes the line "I hope you make it to the day you're 28 years old." The song was written about someone with a serious drug problem, and is widely rumored to be about rock singer Matty Healy of the band The 1975.[37]
- Adore Delano released a song called "27 Club" on her 2017 studio album Whatever, with the repeated lyric "All of the legends die at twenty seven." Delano was aged 27 at the time of release.[38]
- In 2017, the MonaLisa Twins released "Club 27", a song on their album "Orange", about the 27 Club.[39]
- Juice Wrld referenced the club on his 2018 song "Legends", where he says "What's the 27 Club? We ain't making it past 21." The song was dedicated to XXXTentacion, who was killed at 20, and Lil Peep, who died from an overdose at 21. Juice Wrld himself died at the age of 21 from an accidental overdose.[40]
- The Pretty Reckless released a song titled "Rock and Roll Heaven" on its 2021 studio album Death by Rock and Roll. The song is about the club and mentions explicitly in the lyrics Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin and Jim Morrison. Frontwoman Taylor Momsen wrote the song after falling into a depressive state from the deaths of her producer Kato Khandwala and Chris Cornell, the latter of whom her band had opened for the night before his death.[41]
- The Blind Channel song "Dark Side", the Finnish entry for the Eurovision Song Contest 2021, includes the lyrics "Like the 27 Club, headshot, we don't wanna grow up".[42]
Video games
- In the 2016 video game Hitman, one of the in-game missions, Club 27, involves killing an indie musician who is celebrating his 27th birthday.[43]
Comics
- Cartoonist Luke McGarry created The 27 Club comic series for MAD Magazine, debuting in its relaunch's first issue in 2018.[44] The comics featured Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Brian Jones, Robert Johnson, Amy Winehouse, Jim Morrison, and Kurt Cobain as paranormal pop stars descending from Rock & Roll Heaven to save the planet with the aid of mortal medium Keith Richards. The series continued in subsequent issues until Potrzebie Comics (the section in which the comic appeared) was retired upon the magazine's 2019 format switch to the reprinting of classic articles for the majority of most new issues.
Identified members
Because the 27 Club is entirely notional, there is no official membership. The following table lists people described as "members" of the club in reliable published sources, in the opinion of their respective authors.
Name | Date of birth | Date of death | Cause of death | Fame | Age | Sources |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alexandre Levy | November 10, 1864 | January 17, 1892 | Not recorded | Composer, pianist and conductor | 27 years, 68 days | [45] |
Louis Chauvin | March 13, 1881 | March 26, 1908 | Neurosyphilitic sclerosis | Ragtime musician | 27 years, 13 days | [45] |
Rupert Brooke | August 3, 1887 | April 23, 1915 | Sepsis | Poet | 27 years, 263 days | [46] |
Myrtle Gonzalez | September 28, 1891 | October 22, 1918 | Unknown | American actress | 27 years, 24 days | [45] |
Robert Johnson | May 8, 1911 | August 16, 1938 | Unknown | Blues singer and musician | 27 years, 100 days | [45][47] |
Nat Jaffe | January 1, 1918 | August 5, 1945 | Complications from high blood pressure | Swing jazz pianist | 27 years, 216 days | [45] |
Jesse Belvin | December 15, 1932 | February 6, 1960 | Car accident, suspected foul play | R&B singer, pianist and songwriter | 27 years, 53 days | [45][48] |
Rudy Lewis | August 23, 1936 | May 20, 1964 | Drug overdose | Vocalist of the Drifters | 27 years, 271 days | [49] |
Joe Henderson | April 24, 1937 | October 24, 1964 | Heart attack | R&B and gospel singer | 27 years, 183 days | [50] |
Malcolm Hale | May 17, 1941 | October 30, 1968 | Carbon monoxide poisoning | Original member and lead guitarist of Spanky and Our Gang | 27 years, 166 days | [45] |
Dickie Pride | October 21, 1941 | March 26, 1969 | Drug overdose | Rock and roll singer | 27 years, 156 days | [51] |
Brian Jones | February 28, 1942 | July 3, 1969 | Drowning | Rolling Stones founder, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist | 27 years, 125 days | [45][52][53][54] |
Alan "Blind Owl" Wilson | July 4, 1943 | September 3, 1970 | Drug overdose | Leader, singer and primary composer of Canned Heat | 27 years, 61 days | [45] |
Jimi Hendrix | November 27, 1942 | September 18, 1970 | Asphyxia due to drug use | Pioneering electric guitarist, singer and songwriter of the Jimi Hendrix Experience and Band of Gypsys | 27 years, 295 days | [45][55] |
Janis Joplin | January 19, 1943 | October 4, 1970 | Drug overdose | Lead vocalist and songwriter of Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Kozmic Blues Band and Full Tilt Boogie Band | 27 years, 258 days | [45][56][57] |
Arlester "Dyke" Christian | June 13, 1943 | March 13, 1971 | Murder | Frontman, vocalist and bassist of Dyke and the Blazers | 27 years, 273 days | [45] |
Jim Morrison | December 8, 1943 | July 3, 1971 | Heart failure | Singer, lyricist, and leader of the Doors | 27 years, 207 days | [45][58] |
Leslie Harvey | September 14, 1944 | May 3, 1972 | Electrocution | Guitarist in several Scottish bands, most notably Stone the Crows. | 27 years, 232 days | [45][59] |
Ron "Pigpen" McKernan | September 8, 1945 | March 8, 1973 | Gastrointestinal hemorrhage | Founding member, keyboardist and singer of the Grateful Dead | 27 years, 181 days | [45] |
Roger Lee Durham | February 14, 1946 | July 27, 1973 | Horseriding accident | Singer and percussionist of Bloodstone | 27 years, 163 days | [45] |
Pamela Courson | December 22, 1946 | April 25, 1974 | Drug overdose | Long-term companion of Jim Morrison and heir to his estate | 27 years, 124 days | [15][60][61] |
Wallace "Wally" Yohn | January 12, 1947 | August 12, 1974 | Plane crash | Organ player of Chase | 27 years, 212 days | [45] |
Dave Alexander | June 3, 1947 | February 10, 1975 | Pulmonary edema | Bassist of the Stooges | 27 years, 252 days | [45] |
Pete Ham | April 27, 1947 | April 24, 1975 | Suicide | Keyboardist and guitarist, leader of Badfinger | 27 years, 362 days | [45] |
Gary Thain | May 15, 1948 | December 8, 1975 | Drug overdose | Former bassist of Uriah Heep and the Keef Hartley Band | 27 years, 205 days | [45] |
Cecilia | October 11, 1948 | August 2, 1976 | Car accident | Singer | 27 years, 296 days | [62][63] |
Helmut Köllen | March 2, 1950 | May 3, 1977 | Carbon monoxide poisoning | Bassist of 1970s prog rock band Triumvirat | 27 years, 62 days | [45] |
Chris Bell | January 12, 1951 | December 27, 1978 | Car accident | Singer-songwriter and guitarist of power pop band Big Star and solo | 27 years, 349 days | [45] |
Zenon De Fleur | September 9, 1951 | March 17, 1979 | Car accident | Guitarist of the Count Bishops | 27 years, 189 days | [50][64] |
D. Boon | April 1, 1958 | December 22, 1985 | Car accident | Guitarist, lead singer of punk band Minutemen | 27 years, 266 days | [45] |
Alexander Bashlachev | May 27, 1960 | February 17, 1988 | Defenestration, possible suicide | Poet, rock musician and songwriter | 27 years, 266 days | [62] |
Amar Singh Chamkila | July 21, 1960 | March 8, 1988 | Murder | Singer, songwriter, musician, and composer | 27 years, 231 days | [65] |
Jean-Michel Basquiat | December 22, 1960 | August 12, 1988 | Drug overdose | Painter and graffiti artist; formed the band Gray | 27 years, 234 days | [49] |
Pete de Freitas | August 2, 1961 | June 14, 1989 | Motorcycle accident | Drummer of Echo & the Bunnymen | 27 years, 316 days | [45] |
Finbarr Donnelly | April 25, 1962 | June 18, 1989 | Drowning | Singer of Five Go Down to the Sea? | 27 years, 50 days | [66] |
Chris Austin | February 24, 1964 | March 16, 1991 | Plane crash | Country singer and guitarist/fiddle player for Reba McEntire | 27 years, 20 days | [67] |
Dimitar Voev | May 21, 1965 | September 5, 1992 | Cancer | Poet, founder of the Bulgarian new wave band New Generation | 27 years, 107 days | [68] |
Mia Zapata | August 25, 1965 | July 7, 1993 | Murder | Lead singer of the Gits | 27 years, 316 days | [45] |
Kurt Cobain | February 20, 1967 | April 5, 1994 c. | Suicide | Founding member, lead singer, guitarist and songwriter of Nirvana | 27 years, 44 days c. | [45][56][69] |
Kristen Pfaff | May 26, 1967 | June 16, 1994 | Drug overdose | Bass guitarist of Hole and Janitor Joe | 27 years, 21 days | [45] |
Richey Edwards | December 22, 1967 | February 1, 1995 | Disappeared; later declared legally dead | Lyricist and guitarist of Manic Street Preachers | 27 years, 41 days | [45] |
Stretch | April 8, 1968 | November 30, 1995 | Murder | Rapper | 27 years, 236 days | [70] |
Fat Pat | December 4, 1970 | February 3, 1998 | Murder | American rapper and member of Screwed Up Click | 27 years, 61 days | [45] |
Louie Spicolli | February 10, 1971 | February 15, 1998 | Asphyxia due to pulmonary aspiration as a result of an alcohol and prescription drug overdose | American professional wrestler | 27 years, 61 days | [45] |
Freaky Tah | May 14, 1971 | March 28, 1999 | Murder | American rapper and member of the hip hop group Lost Boyz | 27 years, 318 days | [45] |
Kami | February 1, 1972 | June 21, 1999 | Subarachnoid hemorrhage | Drummer of Malice Mizer | 27 years, 140 days | [71] |
Rodrigo Bueno | May 24, 1973 | June 24, 2000 | Car accident | Cuarteto singer | 27 years, 31 days | [62] |
Sean Patrick McCabe | November 13, 1972 | August 28, 2000 | Asphyxia | Lead singer of Ink & Dagger | 27 years, 289 days | [45] |
Thuy Trang | December 14, 1973 | September 3, 2001 | Car accident | Vietnamese-American actress | 27 years, 263 days | [72] |
Maria Serrano Serrano | November 26, 1973 | November 24, 2001 | Plane crash | Singer of Passion Fruit | 27 years, 363 days | [45] |
Russ Haas | March 11, 1974 | December 15, 2001 | Heart failure | American professional wrestler | 27 years, 279 days | [45] |
Rico Yan | March 14, 1975 | March 29, 2002 | Acute Hemorrhagic Pancreatitis | Filipino actor | 27 years, 15 days | [45] |
Jonathan Brandis | April 13, 1976 | November 12, 2003 | Suicide | American actor | 27 years, 213 days | [15] |
Jeremy Ward | May 5, 1976 | May 25, 2003 | Drug overdose | The Mars Volta and De Facto sound manipulator | 27 years, 20 days | [45] |
Bryan Ottoson | March 18, 1978 | April 19, 2005 | Drug overdose | Guitarist of American Head Charge | 27 years, 32 days | [45] |
Valentín Elizalde | February 1, 1979 | November 25, 2006 | Murder | Mexican banda singer | 27 years, 297 days | [45] |
Damien "Damo" Morris | May 22, 1980 | December 19, 2007 | Bus accident | Member of Australian deathcore band the Red Shore | 27 years, 211 days | [73] |
Orish Grinstead | June 2, 1980 | April 20, 2008 | Kidney failure | Founding member of the R&B group 702 | 27 years, 323 days | [74] |
Jade Goody | June 5, 1981 | March 22, 2009 | Cancer of the cervix | Reality-television personality | 27 years, 290 days | [21][75] |
Dash Snow | July 27, 1981 | July 13, 2009 | Drug overdose | Artist | 27 years, 351 days | [76][77] |
Justin Mentell | December 16, 1982 | February 1, 2010 | Car accident | American artist and actor | 27 years, 47 days | [45] |
Amy Winehouse | September 14, 1983 | July 23, 2011 | Alcohol poisoning | Singer-songwriter | 27 years, 312 days | [52][56][78][79] |
Richard Turner | July 30, 1984 | August 11, 2011 | Heart attack | Trumpet player, collaborator with Friendly Fires | 27 years, 12 days | [80] |
Anton Yelchin | March 11, 1989 | June 19, 2016 | Car accident | Actor, Chekov in the Star Trek reboot series | 27 years, 100 days | [21][81] |
Thomas Fekete | July 1, 1988 | May 31, 2016 | Cancer | Guitarist of Surfer Blood | 27 years, 335 days | [82] |
Shot | December 1, 1989 | September 21, 2017 | Died in a diabetic coma | Russian rapper | 27 years, 294 days | [83] |
Kim Jong-hyun | April 8, 1990 | December 18, 2017 | Suicide | Vocalist and lyricist of Shinee | 27 years, 254 days | [84][85] |
Fredo Santana | July 4, 1990 | January 19, 2018 | Idiopathic epilepsy | American rapper | 27 years, 199 days | [86][87] |
Tyler Skaggs | July 13, 1991 | July 1, 2019 | Asphyxia due to drug use | American professional baseball starting pitcher | 27 years, 353 days | [78] |
Benjamin Keough | October 21, 1992 | July 12, 2020 | Suicide | Elvis Presley's grandson and son of Lisa Marie Presley and brother of Riley Keough | 27 years, 265 days | [78] |
Murda Killa | March 9, 1993 | July 13, 2020 | Asthma attack provoked by the use of alcohol and antidepressants | Russian rapper | 27 years, 127 days | [88] |
Yoo Joo Eun | May 3, 1995 | August 29, 2022 | Suicide | Korean actress | 27 years, 118 days | [89] |
Walkie | May 24, 1995 | September 30, 2022 | Suicide | Russian battle rapper | 27 years, 129 days | [90] |
Yung Trappa | August 14, 1995 | February 2, 2023 | Overdose | Russian rapper | 27 years, 172 days | [91] |
Austin Majors | November 23, 1995 | February 11, 2023 | Unknown | American actor | 27 years, 80 days | [92] |
See also
- 23 enigma
- Apophenia
- Curse of the ninth
- List of deaths in rock and roll
- List of murdered hip hop musicians
- Saturn return
- White lighter myth
Citations
- ^ Peterson, Sydney (March 8, 2017), 12 Must-See Works Of Israeli Street Art, Forward Magazine, retrieved October 1, 2017
- ^ a b c McKinney, Kelsey. "Despite the huge myth, musicians don't die at 27 — they die at 56". Vox. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
- ^ a b Butler, Jack (July 7, 2021). "The Myth of the 27 Club". National Review. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
- ^ Mick, McStarkey (October 4, 2021). "Debunking the central myths of the '27 Club'". Far Out Magazine. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
- ^ a b c Kenny, Dianna Theodora (November 18, 2014). "The 27 Club is a myth: 56 is the bum note for musicians", The Conversation. Retrieved June 21, 2022.
- ^ a b Segalstad, Eric (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. ISBN 978-0615189642.
- ^ Weiss, David. "Amy Winehouse & The 27 Club". Life Goes Strong. Archived from the original on April 25, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
- ^ Sounes (2013).
- ^ Owen, Michael (February 2012). The 27 Club: Why Age 27 Is Important. ISBN 978-0473206840.
- ^ The Curse of 27: They Have Three Things in Common. Talent, Fame... and a Tragic Death at the Age of 27. the 27 Club. Forever 27. August 2011. ISBN 978-1907823220.
- ^ a b Wolkewitz M, Allignol A, Graves N, Barnett A (December 20, 2011). "Christmas 2011: Death's Dominion Is 27 really a dangerous age for famous musicians? A retrospective cohort study". The BMJ. 343: d7799. doi:10.1136/bmj.d7799. PMC 3243755. PMID 22187325.
- ^ Roberts, Nesta (September 10, 1971). "Flower Bower". The Guardian. UK. p. 13.
- ^ Riordan, James; Prochnicky, Jerry (1992). Break on Through: The Life and Death of Jim Morrison. It Books. pp. 416, 467. ISBN 978-0-688-11915-7.
- ^ a b c Charles R. Cross (February 22, 2007). "P-I's Writer in Residence Charles R. Cross explores the darker side of 'only the good die young'". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
- ^ a b c d "The 27 Club: A Brief History". Rolling Stone. December 8, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ Charles R. Cross (2002). Heavier Than Heaven: A Biography of Kurt Cobain (2nd ed.). Hyperion. p. 357. ISBN 978-0-7868-8402-5.
- ^ R. Gary Patterson. Take a Walk on the Dark Side: Rock and Roll Myths, Legends, and Curses. p. 259.
- ^ Josh Hunter; Eric Segalstad (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. Berkeley Lake: Samadhi Creations. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-615-18964-2. Retrieved September 20, 2010.
- ^ "Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix, Kurt Cobain and the 27 Club". No. July 23, 2011. The Washington Post. July 24, 2015.
- ^ "The Inquisitr: Stating the Obvious, Amy Winehouse". Inquisitr.com. December 28, 2008. Archived from the original on June 13, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2014.
- ^ a b c "The curse of the '27 Club' strikes again after Star Trek actor Anton Yelchin dies", BBC, February 19, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ O'Connor, Rob (July 23, 2011). "Twenty-Seven Members of the 27 Club". Yahoo Music. Archived from the original on October 13, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ Chick, Stevie (October 23, 2008). "Chemical brothers". The Guardian. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
- ^ "What is the Rock and Roll 27 Club?". Mental Itch. December 13, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
- ^ "Fringe Review: 'The 27 Club' at Warehouse". Maryland Theatre Guide. July 15, 2014. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
- ^ John Craigie - Live on KEXP Seattle (At Avast! Recording Co, recorded November 29, 2018, uploaded to YouTube on Mar 19, 2019)
- ^ "Eric Burdon Speaks His Mind on New LP". Rolling Stone. February 5, 2013. Retrieved July 24, 2014.
- ^ "The Blackest Beautiful". sputnikmusic.com.
- ^ Menshikov, Vitaly (November 21, 2013). "Review: The Twenty Seven Club". Progressor. Retrieved March 15, 2016.
- ^ "Daughtry - Long Live Rock & Roll". Genius. Retrieved July 24, 2022.
- ^ "Watsky (Ft. Jimetta Rose) – All You Can Do". Genius. Retrieved October 4, 2018.
- ^ "Frank Ocean – Nights", Genius, retrieved March 8, 2023
- ^ "Mac Miller - Brand Name". Genius. Retrieved February 22, 2022.
- ^ Murphy, Heather (September 4, 2019). "Man Faces Drug Charge in Mac Miller's Death". The New York Times. Retrieved April 27, 2022.
- ^ "No Good By Ivy Levan | High Voltage Magazine". iamhighvoltage.com.
- ^ "A conversation with JPEGMAFIA, the MC who raps like the internet feels". Dazed Digital. March 28, 2019. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
- ^ Davis, Elizabeth. "The joy we take in watching colours fade: Our fascination with Kurt Cobain and The 27 Club". The Glitter and Gold. Retrieved July 1, 2022.
- ^ "Adore Delano Talks New Punk Album 'Whatever', the '27 Club' & Being Nonbinary: 'Gender Isn't a Real Thing'". Billboard. Retrieved July 17, 2018.
- ^ "Club 27 – Lyrics". MonaLisa Twins.
- ^ Mamo, Heran (December 19, 2019). "Here Are the Lyrics to Juice WRLD's 'Legends'". Billboard. Retrieved March 13, 2020.
- ^ Ruskell, Nick. "Life After Death: How Taylor Momsen survived her downward spiral". Kerrang. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ ""If life is darker and harsher, you can still have fun" -- Blind Channel's "Dark Side" lyrics shirk a grim reality in favour of anarchy". wiwibloggs. February 18, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- ^ "We Help a Rock Star Join Club 27 in Hitman's Bangkok Level". Outside Xbox. Archived from the original on March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
- ^ "SNEAK PEEK: THE 27 CLUB". www.madmagazine.com. April 27, 2018. Retrieved June 3, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am "The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll". The27s.com. Archived from the original on January 20, 2018. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
- ^ Bell, Virginia (November 17, 2011). "Dear Lindsay, Please Don't Join the 27 Club". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on April 16, 2021. Retrieved July 30, 2021.
- ^ Sullivan, James (May 27, 2011). "Robert Johnson Founds the '27 Club' With Devil Pact – Twisted Tales". Spinner. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved July 27, 2011.
- ^ Segalstad, Eric; Hunter, Josh (2008). The 27s: The Greatest Myth of Rock & Roll. United Kingdom: Samadhi Creations. p. 308. ISBN 9780615189642.
- ^ a b Thom Geier (February 20, 2020). "27 Club: Stars Who Died at Age 27, From Jimi Hendrix to Kurt Cobain". TheWrap. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
- ^ a b Sounes (2013), p. 304.
- ^ "British Musician Dickie Pride, a.k.a. Richard Charles Kneller, Dead at 27" Archived August 26, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, Forever 27. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ a b Clements, Paul (July 24, 2011). "Amy Winehouse joins the 'Forever 27' club". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022.
- ^ Anthony Bruno (July 10, 1969). "All about Brian Jones". Crime Library. Archived from the original on May 26, 2012. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ "Jones Drowned While 'Drunk and Drugged'". The Guardian. July 8, 1969. Retrieved September 12, 2019.
- ^ Brown, Tony (1997). "The Doctor's Story", Jimi Hendrix: The Final Days. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
- ^ a b c Schillaci, Sophie A. (July 23, 2011). "Amy Winehouse Joins Kurt Cobain, Janis Joplin in '27 Club'". The Hollywood Reporter.
- ^ Hendrickson, Paul (May 5, 1992). "Janis Joplin: A Cry Cutting Through Time". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
- ^ Walt, Vivienne (July 19, 2007). "Postcard: Paris". Time. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Retrieved April 23, 2010.
- ^ Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books. p. 238. CN 5585.
- ^ "Musicians in the '27 Club'". Chron. Hearst. July 23, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ "15 Members of the "Forever 27 Club"". Verbicide Magazine. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
- ^ a b c Saunders, Christian (January 2012). "The Forever 27 Club", Fortean Times. Archived from the original on November 20, 2016. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
- ^ "El coche nos los arrebató". Con Plomo. Archived from the original on June 11, 2012. Retrieved June 26, 2012.
- ^ Simmonds, Jeremy (2012). The Encyclopedia of Dead Rock Stars: Heroin, Handguns, and Ham Sandwiches, second edition, Chicago Review Press, pp. 121–122.
- ^ Khan, Murtaza Ali. "In search of Chamkila", The Hindu, January 25, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ O'Driscoll, Des. "Recalling the great nights of Cork's Arcadia". Irish Examiner, June 13, 2014. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
- ^ "The Curse of 27", Angelfire. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ^ "Show Dimitar Voev its pig! "Voev is the Bulgarian representative in mythologizing "Club 27""". TEMADaily. October 17, 2012. Retrieved June 25, 2015.
- ^ van Gelder, Lawrence (March 3, 1998). "Footlights". The New York Times. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
- ^ Stanley-Ayre, Sarah (February 27, 2015). "The Myth of the 27 Club", CityPages. Retrieved March 16, 2016.
- ^ Griffen, Brendan (March 28, 2014). "Music & Mortality" Archived June 21, 2014, at archive.today, brendangriffen.com. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
- ^ Gomez, Patrick (December 3, 2018). "The original Power Rangers share memories of Yellow Ranger Thuy Trang, who died at age 27". Entertainment Weekly. Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
- ^ Rockers Who Died At age 27
- ^ H, Jim (January 21, 2010). "The 27 Club". Historic Mysteries. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
- ^ Mercury (March 25, 2009). "Is Jade Goody the latest victim of Club 27?". Birmingham Mail.
- ^ Marche, Stephen (July 18, 2009). "Messy life, clichéd death for prince of hipsters". Toronto Star. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ Carlson, Jen (July 15, 2009). "Dash Snow Remembered By New York". Gothamist. Archived from the original on December 9, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- ^ a b c Chelsea Duff (July 16, 2021). "The 27 Club Is Tragic—See All the Stars Who Died at the Young Age". In Touch Weekly. Retrieved June 15, 2021.
- ^ Davies, Caroline (October 26, 2011). "Amy Winehouse inquest records verdict of misadventure". The Guardian. London. Retrieved October 26, 2011.
- ^ Smith, K. Alexander. "Richard Turner of Friendly Fires: 1984–2011 (Archived)". Archived from the original on August 21, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
- ^ Mather, Kate (June 19, 2016). "Anton Yelchin, actor in 'Star Trek' films, dies in freak car accident at age 27". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
- ^ Hartmann, Graham. "27 Rockers Who Died At The Age of 27". Loudwire. Retrieved June 23, 2022.
- ^ Клуб 27, что это, список музыкантов, песня памяти
- ^ "K-pop star Kim Jong Hyun joins the ill-fated '27 Club'". The Straits Times. Agence France-Presse. December 19, 2017. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
- ^ Frater, Patrick (December 18, 2017). "Jonghyun of Korean Pop Group Shinee Dies at 27". Variety. Retrieved December 22, 2017.
- ^ Duff, Seamus (January 20, 2018). "As Rapper Fredo Santana 'Dies Aged 27', Other Stars Who Make Up Tragic Club 27 – Including Amy Winehouse, Jimi Hendrix and Kurt Cobain". Daily Mirror. Retrieved January 20, 2018.
- ^ "The cause of Chicago rapper Fredo Santana's death has been determined". The FADER.
- ^ "Стала известна причина смерти российского рэпера Murda Killa". Газета.Ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on October 6, 2021. Retrieved October 6, 2021.
- ^ "Diduga Tewas Bunuh Diri, Yoo Joo Eun Menambah Deretan Club 27" [Allegedly Dead by Suicide, Yoo Joo Eun Adds to List of Club 27]. kumparan.com (in Indonesian). August 29, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
- ^ Соцсети сообщили о гибели рэпера Walkie в Краснодаре
- ^ Треки на грани и любовь по принуждению: чем запомнится умерший в Петербурге рэпер Yung Trappa
- ^ Harvey, Josephine. "Austin Majors, Former Child Actor On 'NYPD Blue,' Dies At 27". HuffPost. Retrieved February 21, 2023.
{{cite web}}
:|archive-date=
requires|archive-url=
(help)