Clarkia
| Clarkia | |
|---|---|
| |
| Clarkia amoena (Farewell to Spring) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Myrtales |
| Family: | Onagraceae |
| Subfamily: | Onagroideae |
| Tribe: | Onagreae |
| Genus: | Clarkia Pursh |
| Species | |
|
over 40, see text | |
Clarkia is a genus within the flowering plant family Onagraceae. Over 40 species are currently classified in Clarkia; almost all are native to western North America, though one species (Clarkia tenella) is native to South America.
Clarkias are typically annual herbs, growing either prostrate or erect to a height of less than 2 metres. Their leaves are small and simple, from 1 to 10 cm in length depending on the species. Their flowers have four sepals and four petals, usually white, pink, or red, and are often spotted or streaked. Their fruit are elongated, cylindrical pods, usually 4-grooved or 8-grooved, and when mature they hold many tiny, cubical seeds.[1]
Several members of the genus are sometimes referred to by the common name "godetia", including Clarkia amoena, Clarkia affinis, and Clarkia lassenensis (the Lassen godetia). This is because they were formerly classified in a genus called Godetia, which is no longer recognised since its members have been absorbed into the genus Clarkia. Older sources may still use Godetia as a genus name.
The genus was named in honour of the explorer Captain William Clark. Unofficially, the genus is sometimes referred to as Yorkia, in honor of York, an African-American member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition[2].
The Royal Navy had a warship called HMS Clarkia, a Flower-class corvette.
Cultivation
Some species are popular garden plants, for example the mountain garland, Clarkia unguiculata, the redspot clarkia, Clarkia speciosa, Farewell to Spring, Clarkia amoena and Clarkia bottae. There are cultivated varieties of some of these species.
Ecology
Clarkia species play important roles in their local ecosystems, as they provide habitat for native pollinators. Some pollinators even rely on Clarkia exclusively, such as the "Clarkia bee".[3] They are also used as host plants by some species as caterpillars, such as Sphingidae moths.[4]
Species
- Selected species
- Clarkia affinis
- Clarkia amoena (Farewell to Spring)
- Clarkia arcuata
- Clarkia australis
- Clarkia biloba
- Clarkia borealis
- Clarkia bottae
- Clarkia breweri
- Clarkia concinna
- Clarkia cylindrica
- Clarkia davyi
- Clarkia delicata
- Clarkia dudleyana
- Clarkia epilobioides
- Clarkia exilis
- Clarkia franciscana
- Clarkia gracilis
- Clarkia heterandra
- Clarkia imbricata
- Clarkia jolonensis
- Clarkia lassenensis
- Clarkia lewisii
- Clarkia lingulata
- Clarkia mildrediae
- Clarkia modesta
- Clarkia mosquinii
- Clarkia prostrata
- Clarkia pulchella
- Clarkia purpurea
- Clarkia rhomboidea
- Clarkia rostrata
- Clarkia rubicunda
- Clarkia similis
- Clarkia speciosa
- Clarkia springvillensis
- Clarkia stellata
- Clarkia tembloriensis
- Clarkia tenella
- Clarkia unguiculata (Mountain Garland; syn. C. elegans)
- Clarkia virgata
- Clarkia williamsonii
- Clarkia xantiana
References
- ^ "Onagraceae - Genus Page/ Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution". naturalhistory2.si.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ Beatrice Kilat. "Five Tips for Decolonizing Language: What's in a name?". Retrieved 2023-03-10.
- ^ Peach, Kristen; Mazer, Susan J. (2019). "Heteranthery in Clarkia: pollen performance of dimorphic anthers contradicts expectations". American Journal of Botany. 106 (4): 598–603. doi:10.1002/ajb2.1262. ISSN 1537-2197. PMID 30901494.
- ^ Miller, Timothy J.; Raguso, Robert A.; Kay, Kathleen M. (2014-01-01). "Novel adaptation to hawkmoth pollinators in Clarkia reduces efficiency, not attraction of diurnal visitors". Annals of Botany. 113 (2): 317–329. doi:10.1093/aob/mct237. ISSN 0305-7364. PMC 3890391.
External links
Data related to Clarkia at Wikispecies
Media related to Category: Clarkia at Wikimedia Commons- Jepson Manual treatment of the genus
