Choerolophodon

Choerolophodon; Temporal range: Miocene, 11.6–5.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Skull
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Proboscidea
Family:	†Choerolophodontidae
Genus:	†Choerolophodon; Schlesinger, 1917
Species
	C. pentelici (Gaudry and Lartet, 1856) (type); C. anatolicus (Ozansoy 1965); C. palaeindicus (Lydekker, 1894); C. corrugatus (Pilgrim, 1913); C. chioticus Tobien, 1980; C. guangheensis Wang and Deng, 2011; C. ngorora (Maglio, 1974); C. zaltaniensis Gaziry, 1987;
Synonyms
	Mastodon pentelicus Gaudry and Lartet, 1856;

Choerolophodon is an extinct genus of proboscidean that lived during the Miocene of Eurasia and Africa. Fossils of Choerolophodon have been found in Africa, Southeast Europe, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, the Indian subcontinent, and China.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] Choerolophodon has a single pair of tusks growing from the upper jaw, which are long and strongly curved.^[5]

Taxonomy

Numerous species of Choerolophodon are known: C. pentelicus, C. anatolicus and C. chioticus from Southeast Europe (Turkey (Yamula Dam in Kayseri), Greece, Bulgaria) and the Middle East, C. palaeindicus and C. corrugatus from the Indian subcontinent, C. guangheensis from China, and C. ngorora and C. zaltaniensis from Africa.^[6] The name Choerolophodon was erected for "Mastodon" pentelicus from Greece by Schlesinger (1917) based on the discovery of new material from the pentelicus type locality.^[7] A 2022 study considered Choerolophodon to be the most basal member of Elephantida.^[8]

References

^ Chunxiao Li, Shi-Qi Wang, Dimila Mothé & Xijun Ni (2019) New fossils of early and middle Miocene Choerolophodon from northern China reveal a Holarctic distribution of Choerolophodontidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1618864
^ Sankhyan, Anek R. and Chavasseau, Olivier. 2018. New proboscidean fossils from Middle Siwaliks of Haritalyangar area, Himachal Pradesh, India. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.15A 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26879/844 palaeo-electronica.org/content/2018/2200-haritalyangar-proboscideans
^ Wang, S.; Deng, T. (2011). "The first Choerolophodon (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) skull from China". Science China Earth Sciences. 54 (9): 1326. doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4201-6. S2CID 131674259.
^ "Tek parça halinde ve 7.5 milyon yıllık! Kayseri'de bulundu - Habertürk". Haberturk.com (in Turkish). Habertürk. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
^ Konidaris, George E.; Koufos, George D. (2013) [March 2013]. "Late Miocene Proboscidea (Mammalia) from Macedonia and Samos Island, Greece: preliminary results". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 87 (1): 121–140. doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0147-z. ISSN 0031-0220. S2CID 128764592.
^ George E. Konidaris, George D. Koufos, Dimitris S. Kostopoulos & Gildas Merceron (2016) Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Choerolophodon (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in the Miocene of SE Europe-SW Asia: implications for phylogeny and biogeography, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 14:1, 1-27, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2014.985339
^ Schlesinger, G., 1917. Die Mastodonten des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Denkschriften des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 1:1-230.
^ Baleka, Sina; Varela, Luciano; Tambusso, P. Sebastián; Paijmans, Johanna L.A.; Mothé, Dimila; Stafford, Thomas W.; Fariña, Richard A.; Hofreiter, Michael (January 2022). "Revisiting proboscidean phylogeny and evolution through total evidence and palaeogenetic analyses including Notiomastodon ancient DNA". iScience. 25 (1): 103559. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103559. PMC 8693454. PMID 34988402.

[1] Chunxiao Li, Shi-Qi Wang, Dimila Mothé & Xijun Ni (2019) New fossils of early and middle Miocene Choerolophodon from northern China reveal a Holarctic distribution of Choerolophodontidae, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2019.1618864

[2] Sankhyan, Anek R. and Chavasseau, Olivier. 2018. New proboscidean fossils from Middle Siwaliks of Haritalyangar area, Himachal Pradesh, India. Palaeontologia Electronica 21.1.15A 1-12. https://doi.org/10.26879/844 palaeo-electronica.org/content/2018/2200-haritalyangar-proboscideans

[3] Wang, S.; Deng, T. (2011). "The first Choerolophodon (Proboscidea, Gomphotheriidae) skull from China". Science China Earth Sciences. 54 (9): 1326. doi:10.1007/s11430-011-4201-6. S2CID 131674259.

[4] "Tek parça halinde ve 7.5 milyon yıllık! Kayseri'de bulundu - Habertürk". Haberturk.com (in Turkish). Habertürk. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 9 September 2019.

[5] Konidaris, George E.; Koufos, George D. (2013) [March 2013]. "Late Miocene Proboscidea (Mammalia) from Macedonia and Samos Island, Greece: preliminary results". Paläontologische Zeitschrift. 87 (1): 121–140. doi:10.1007/s12542-012-0147-z. ISSN 0031-0220. S2CID 128764592.

[6] George E. Konidaris, George D. Koufos, Dimitris S. Kostopoulos & Gildas Merceron (2016) Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and palaeoecology of Choerolophodon (Proboscidea, Mammalia) in the Miocene of SE Europe-SW Asia: implications for phylogeny and biogeography, Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 14:1, 1-27, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2014.985339

[7] Schlesinger, G., 1917. Die Mastodonten des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums. Denkschriften des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums 1:1-230.

[8] Baleka, Sina; Varela, Luciano; Tambusso, P. Sebastián; Paijmans, Johanna L.A.; Mothé, Dimila; Stafford, Thomas W.; Fariña, Richard A.; Hofreiter, Michael (January 2022). "Revisiting proboscidean phylogeny and evolution through total evidence and palaeogenetic analyses including Notiomastodon ancient DNA". iScience. 25 (1): 103559. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103559. PMC 8693454. PMID 34988402.

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