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For the river rapids, see Colorado River.

Sapphire Rapids
General information
LaunchedJanuary 10, 2023; 23 months ago (2023-01-10)
Marketed byIntel
Designed byIntel
Common manufacturer
Cache
L1 cache80 KB per core:
  • 32 KB instructions
  • 48 KB data
L2 cache2 MB (per core)
L3 cache3 MB per core
Architecture and classification
Technology nodeIntel 7 (previously known as 10ESF)
MicroarchitectureGolden Cove
Instruction setx86-64
Extensions
Physical specifications
Cores
  • Up to 60 cores
Socket
Products, models, variants
Core name
Brand name
History
PredecessorsIce Lake-SP (1S and 2S systems)
Cooper Lake (4S and 8S systems)
SuccessorEmerald Rapids
Support status
Supported

Sapphire Rapids is a codename for Intel's server (fourth generation Xeon Scalable) and workstation processors based on Intel 7.[1][2][3][4]

Sapphire Rapids is part of the Eagle Stream server platform.[5][6] In addition, it will be powering Aurora, an exascale supercomputer in the United States, at Argonne National Laboratory.[7]

History

Sapphire Rapids has been a long-standing Intel project in development for over five years and has been subjected to many delays.[8] Sapphire Rapids was first announced by Intel at their Investor Meeting in May 2019 with the intention of Sapphire Rapids succeeding Ice Lake in 2021.[9][10] Intel again announced details on Sapphire Rapids in their August 2021 Architecture Day presentation with no mention of a launch date.[11] Intel CEO Pat Gelsinger tacitly blamed the previous Intel leadership as a reason for Sapphire Rapid's many delays.[8] One industry analyst firm claimed that Intel was having problems with yields from its Intel 7 node with yields of 50–60% on higher core-count silicon.[12] Sapphire Rapids was originally scheduled for a launch in the first half of 2022.[13] It was later scheduled for release in Q4 2022 but was again delayed to early 2023.[14] The specific announcement date of January 10, 2023 was not revealed by Intel until November 2022.[15] The server processor lineup was released on January 10, 2023 following the end of support for Windows 8.1. The workstation processor lineup was released on February 15, 2023, as Microsoft released the February 2023 security update, which includes disabling Internet Explorer on Windows 10 Semi-Annual Channel after installing it. [16] Nevine Nassif is a chief engineer for this generation.[17] Those processors were available for shipping on March 14 of that year.[18]

Features

CPU

Further information: Golden Cove
  • Up to 60 Golden Cove CPU cores per package[19]
  • AVX512-FP16[20]
  • TSXLDTRK[21]
  • Advanced Matrix Extensions (AMX)[19]
  • In-Field Scan (IFS), a technology that allows for testing the processor for potential hardware faults without taking it completely offline[22]
  • Data Streaming Accelerator (DSA), allows for speeding up data copy and transformation between different kinds of storage[23][24]
  • QuickAssist Technology (QAT), allows for improved performance of compression and encryption tasks[24]
  • Dynamic Load Balancer (DLB), allows for offloading tasks of load balancing, packet prioritization and queue management[24]
  • In-Memory Analytics Accelerator (IAA), allows accelerating in-memory databases and big data analytics[24]

Not all accelerators are available in all processor models. Some accelerators are available under the Intel On Demand program, also known as Software Defined Silicon (SDSi), where a license is required to activate a given accelerator that is physically present in the processor. The license can be obtained as a one-time purchase or as a paid subscription. Activating the license requires support in the operating system. A driver with the necessary support was added in Linux 6.2.[25][24]

I/O

Packaging

  • Processors designated as MCC (Medium Core Count) are built using large monolithic dies that contains up to 32 cores. Most MCC processors are Xeon Silver and Xeon Gold products
  • Processors designated as XCC (Extreme Core Count) feature multi-die packaging with four tiles linked by 2.5D Embedded Multi-die Interconnect Bridges. Each tile is a 400mm2 SoC, providing both compute cores and I/O.[29] Select Xeon Gold and all Xeon Platinum and Xeon Max processors are designated as XCC.
    • Each tile contains 15 Golden Cove cores
    • Each tile's memory controller provides two channels of DDR5 with a maximum of eight channels across 4 tiles[30]
    • A tile provides up to 32 PCIe 5.0 lanes, but one of the eight PCIe controllers of a CPU is usually reserved for DMI, resulting in a maximum of 112 non-chipset lanes. This maximum is only reached in the W-3400 series processors, while the server processors have 80.[31]
  • Xeon Max processors contain 64 GB of on-package High Bandwidth Memory

Products

Sapphire Rapids-SP (Server)

With its maximum of 60 cores, Sapphire Rapids-SP competes with AMD's EPYC Genoa with up to 96 cores. Sapphire Rapids Xeon server products are scalable from single-socket configurations up to 8 socket configurations.[32][33]

Suffixes denote:[34]

  • H: Database and Analytics
  • M: Optimized for AI and media processing workloads
  • N: Optimized for networking/5G/communications workloads
  • P: Optimized for IaaS cloud environments
  • Q: Support for liquid cooling solutions
  • S: Storage & HCI
  • T: Support for up to 10-year reliability and long-life use, higher operating Tcase temperature permitted
  • U: Support limited to single-socket configurations only
  • V: Optimized for SaaS cloud environments
  • Y: Support for Intel Speed Select Technology 2.0 (SST)
  • +: Feature+ included
Model Release date Price
(USD)[a] 		Cores
(threads) 		Tiles[b] Clock rate (GHz) Cache PCIe
lanes 		Socket
scalability 		Memory support TDP
Base Turbo L2 L3 HBM2e DDR5 Maximum
capacity 		ECC
Xeon Bronze
3408U Jan 10, 2023 $415 8 (8) Monolithic 1.8 1.9 16 MB 33.5 MB — 80
PCIe 5.0 		1S DDR5-4000
octa-channel 		4 TB Yes 125 W
Xeon Silver
4410T Jan 10, 2023 $624 10 (20) Monolithic 2.7 4.0 20 MB 26.25 MB — 80
PCIe 5.0 		2S DDR5-4000
octa-channel 		4 TB Yes 150 W
4410Y $563 12 (24) 2.0 3.9 24 MB 30 MB
4416+ $1,176 20 (40) 2.0 3.9 40 MB 37.5 MB 165 W
Xeon Gold
5415+ Jan 10, 2023 $1,066 8 (16) Monolithic 2.9 4.1 16 MB 22.5 MB — 80
PCIe 5.0 		2S DDR5-4400
octa-channel 		4 TB Yes 150 W
6434 $2,607 3.7 4.1 DDR5-4800
octa-channel[c] 		195 W
6434H $3,070 3.7 4.1 S8S
5416S $944 16 (32) 2.0 4.0 32 MB 30 MB 2S DDR5-4400
octa-channel 		150 W
6426Y $1,517 2.5 4.1 37.5 MB DDR5-4800[c]
octa-channel 		185 W
6444Y $3,622 3.6 4.0 45 MB 270 W
6416H $1,444 18 (36) 2.2 4.2 36 MB 45 MB 165 W
5411N $1,388 24 (48) 1.9 3.9 48 MB 45 MB 1S DDR5-4400
octa-channel 		165 W
5412U $1,113 2.1 3.9 45 MB 185 W
5418N $1,664 1.8 3.8 45 MB 2S DDR5-4000
octa-channel 		165 W
5418Y $1,483 2.0 3.8 45 MB DDR5-4400
octa-channel 		185 W
6418H $2,065 2.1 4.0 60 MB S4S DDR5-4800[c]
octa-channel
6442Y $2,878 2.6 4.0 2S 225 W
5420+ $1,848 28 (56) 2.0 4.1 56 MB 52.5 MB DDR5-4000
octa-channel 		205 W
6414U $2,296 32 (64) 4 × 8 2.0 3.4 64 MB 60 MB 1S DDR5-4800[c]
octa-channel 		250 W
6421N $2,368 Monolithic 1.8 3.6 DDR5-4400
octa-channel 		185 W
6428N $3,200 1.8 3.8 2S DDR5-4000
octa-channel
6430 $2,128 4 × 8 2.1 3.4 DDR5-4400
octa-channel 		270 W
6438M $3,273 Monolithic 2.2 3.9 DDR5-4800[c]
octa-channel 		205 W
6438N $3,351 2.0 3.6
6438Y+ $3,141 2.0 4.0
6448H $3,658 2.4 4.1 S4S 250 W
6448Y $3,583 2.1 4.1 2S 225 W
6454S $3,157 4 × 8 2.2 3.4 270 W
6458Q $6,416 Monolithic 3.1 4.0 350 W
Xeon Platinum
8444H Jan 10, 2023 $4,234 16 (32) 4 × 4 2.9 4.0 32 MB 45 MB — 80
PCIe 5.0 		S8S DDR5-4800[c]
octa-channel 		4 TB Yes 270 W
8450H $4,708 28 (56) 4 × 7 2.0 3.5 56 MB 75 MB 250 W
8454H $6,540 32 (64) 4 × 8 2.1 3.4 64 MB 82.5 MB 270 W
8462Y+ $5,945 2.8 3.1 60 MB 2S 300 W
8452Y $3,995 36 (72) 4 × 9 2.0 3.2 72 MB 67.5 MB
8460H $10,710 40 (80) 4 × 10 2.2 3.8 80 MB 105 MB S8S 330 W
8460Y+ $5,558 2.0 3.7 2S 300 W
8458P $6,759 44 (88) 4 × 11 2.7 3.8 88 MB 82.5 MB 350 W
8461V $4,491 48 (96) 4 × 12 2.2 3.7 96 MB 97.5 MB 1S 300 W
8468V $7,121 2.4 3.8 2S 330 W
8468 $7,214 2.1 3.8 105 MB 350 W
8468H $13,923 2.1 3.8 S8S 330 W
8470N $9,520 52 (104) 4 × 13 1.7 3.6 104 MB 97.5 MB 2S 300 W
8471N $5,171 1.8 3.6 1S
8470 $9,359 2.0 3.8 105 MB 2S 350 W
8470Q $9,410 2.1 3.8
8480+ $10,710 56 (112) 4 × 14 2.0 3.8 112 MB
8490H $17,000 60 (120) 4 × 15 1.9 3.5 120 MB 112.5 MB S8S
Xeon Max
9462 Jan 10, 2023 $7,995 32 (64) 4 × 8
4 × HBM2e 		2.7 3.5 64 MB 75 MB 64 GB 80
PCIe 5.0 		2S DDR5-4800[c]
octa-channel 		4 TB Yes 350 W
9460 $8,750 40 (80) 4 × 10
4 × HBM2e 		2.2 3.5 80 MB 97.5 MB
9468 $9,900 48 (96) 4 × 12
4 × HBM2e 		2.1 3.5 96 MB 105 MB
9470 $11,590 52 (104) 4 × 13
4 × HBM2e 		2.0 3.6 104 MB
9480 $12,980 56 (112) 4 × 14
4 × HBM2e 		1.9 3.5 112 MB 112.5 MB
  1. ^ Price is Recommended Customer Price (RCP) at launch. RCP is the trade price that processors are sold by Intel to retailers and OEMs. Actual MSRP for consumers is higher
  2. ^ Number of tiles × cores per tiles
  3. ^ a b c d e f g DDR5-4800 can only be supported if there is only one DIMM per memory channel. Using two DIMMs per memory channel drops to the supported memory speed to DDR5-4400

Sapphire Rapids-WS (Workstation)

With its maximum of 56 cores, Sapphire Rapids-WS competes with AMD's Threadripper Pro 5000WX with up to 64 cores.[35] Like Intel's Core product segmentation into i3, i5, i7 and i9, Sapphire Rapids-WS is labeled Xeon w3, w5, w7 and w9.[36] Sapphire Rapids-WS was unveiled in February 2023, and was initially made available for OEMs in March.[37][38] CPUs with "X" suffix have its multiplier unlocked for overclocking.[39]

Model Release date Price
(USD)[a] 		Cores
(threads) 		Tiles[b] Clock rate (GHz) Cache PCIe
lanes 		Memory support Power
Base Turbo Boost L2 L3 DDR5 Maximum
capacity 		ECC Base Turbo
2.0 3.0
Xeon w3
2423 Mar 14, 2023 $359 6 (12) Monolithic 2.1 4.0 4.2 12 MB 15 MB 64
PCIe 5.0 		DDR5-4400
quad-channel 		2 TB Yes 120 W 144 W
2425 $529 3.0 4.0 4.4 130 W 156 W
2435 $669 8 (16) 3.1 4.3 4.5 16 MB 22.5 MB 165 W 198 W
Xeon w5
2445 Mar 14, 2023 $839 10 (20) Monolithic 3.1 4.4 4.6 20 MB 26.25 MB 64
PCIe 5.0 		DDR5-4400
quad-channel 		2 TB Yes 175 W 210 W
2455X $1,039 12 (24) 3.2 4.4 4.6 24 MB 30 MB 200 W 240 W
2465X $1,389 16 (32) 3.1 4.5 4.7 32 MB 33.75 MB
3425 Apr 2023 $1,189 12 (24) 4 × 3 3.2 4.4 4.6 24 MB 30 MB 112
PCIe 5.0 		DDR5-4800
octa-channel 		4 TB 270 W 324 W
3435X $1,589 16 (32) 4 × 4 3.1 4.5 4.7 32 MB 45 MB
Xeon w7
2475X Mar 14, 2023 $1,789 20 (40) Monolithic 2.6 4.6 4.8 40 MB 37.5 MB 64
PCIe 5.0 		DDR5-4400
quad-channel 		2 TB Yes 225 W 270 W
2495X $2,189 24 (48) 2.5 4.6 4.8 48 MB 45 MB
3445 Apr 2023 $1,989 20 (40) 4 × 5 2.6 4.6 4.8 40 MB 52.5 MB 112
PCIe 5.0 		DDR5-4800
octa-channel 		4 TB 225 W 270 W
3455 $2,489 24 (48) 4 × 6 2.5 4.6 4.8 48 MB 67.5 MB
3465X $2,889 28 (56) 4 × 7 2.5 4.6 4.8 56 MB 75 MB 300 W 360 W
Xeon w9
3475X Apr 2023 $3,739 36 (72) 4 × 13 2.6 4.6 4.8 72 MB 82.5 MB 112
PCIe 5.0 		DDR5-4800
octa-channel 		4 TB Yes 300 W 420 W
3495X $5,889 56 (12) 4 × 14 1.9 4.6 4.8 112 MB 105 MB 350 W
  1. ^ Price is Recommended Customer Price (RCP) at launch. RCP is the trade price that processors are sold by Intel to retailers and OEMs. Actual MSRP for consumers is higher
  2. ^ Number of tiles × cores per tiles

See also

References

  1. ^ Cutress, Ian (August 13, 2020). "Intel's 11th Gen Core Tiger Lake SoC Detailed: SuperFin, Willow Cove and Xe-LP". AnandTech. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
  2. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (October 14, 2019). "Intel Sapphire Rapids & Granite Rapids Xeons Are LGA 4677 Compatible". Wccftech. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  3. ^ Cutress, Ian (February 17, 2022). "Intel Discloses Multi-Generation Xeon Scalable Roadmap: New E-Core Only Xeons in 2024". AnandTech. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
  4. ^ Shilov, Anton (October 27, 2020). "Intel: Alder Lake Sampling, Sapphire Rapids Samples in Q4". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  5. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (May 21, 2019). "Intel Xeon Roadmap Leak, 10nm Ice Lake, Sapphire Rapids CPU Detailed". Wccftech. Retrieved March 14, 2020.
  6. ^ Alcorn, Paul (June 29, 2021). "Intel's Sapphire Rapids Roadmap Slips: Enters Production in 2022". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  7. ^ Russell, John (November 17, 2019). "Intel Debuts New GPU – Ponte Vecchio – and Outlines Aspirations for oneAPI". HPC Wire. Retrieved November 18, 2019.
  8. ^ a b Patel, Nilay (October 4, 2022). "Pat Gelsinger came back to turn Intel around — here's how it's going". The Verge. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  9. ^ Schor, David (May 21, 2019). "Leaked Intel Server Roadmap Shows Sapphire Rapids With DDR5/PCIe 5.0 For 2021, Granite Rapids For 2022". WikiChip Fuse. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  10. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (May 21, 2019). "Intel Xeon Roadmap Leaked Out, Unveils 10nm Ice Lake-SP With PCIe Gen 4 & Up To 26 Cores in 2020, Next-Gen Sapphire Rapids With PCIe Gen 5 & DDR5 in 2021". Wccftech. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  11. ^ Intel Technology (August 19, 2021). "Sapphire Rapids – Architecture Day 2021 | Intel Technology". YouTube. Retrieved November 29, 2022.
  12. ^ Wheatley, Mike (November 1, 2022). "Intel's Sapphire Rapids server chips face yet more delays, with AMD set to benefit". Silicon Angle. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
  13. ^ Cutress, Ian (June 29, 2021). "Update on Intel Sapphire Rapids in 2022: Q1 for Production, Q2 for Ramp, H1 Launch". AnandTech. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  14. ^ Cunningham, Andrew (November 2, 2022). "Intel's oft-delayed "Sapphire Rapids" Xeon CPUs are finally coming in early 2023". Ars Technica. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  15. ^ Shilov, Anton (November 2, 2022). "Intel's Sapphire Rapids Formal Launch Date Revealed". Tom's Hardware. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
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  19. ^ a b c d Cutress, Ian (August 31, 2021). "Intel Xeon Sapphire Rapids: How To Go Monolithic with Tiles". AnandTech. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  20. ^ "Intel® AVX512-FP16 Architecture Specification, June 2021, Revision 1.0, Ref. 347407-001US" (PDF). Intel. June 30, 2021. Retrieved July 4, 2021.
  21. ^ "Intel® Architecture Instruction Set Extensions and Future Features Programming Reference" (PDF). Intel. May 2021. Retrieved November 10, 2022.
  22. ^ Larabel, Michael (December 16, 2022). "Intel IFS Ready To Weed Out Faulty Silicon With Linux 6.2". Phoronix. Retrieved January 13, 2023.
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  36. ^ Mujtaba, Hassan (July 23, 2022). "Intel Sapphire Rapids-WS Xeon Workstation CPU Lineup Specs Leaked: Xeon W9 Up To 56 Cores, Xeon W7 Up To 28 Cores, Xeon W5 Up To 16 Cores". Wccftech. Retrieved November 24, 2022.
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