Specialized court
Specialty courts are courts that aim to rehabilitate generally non-violent and low-rate offenders by including specifically trained professionals pertaining to the field of specialty court. The purpose of these specialized courts is to acknowledge and handle criminal activity at the source. [1]An example of this would be "Drug Court." Drug court aims to reduce criminal activity by mandating that the offender stay clean from drugs and mandating drug treatment therapy. Traditional courts focus on what happened, decide whether the person committed a crime, and punish the person proportionately.[2]Specialized courts focus on reducing future rearrests and rehabilitation. These specialized courts usually involve the help of the prosecutor, judge, probation, law enforcement, mental health professionals, social service agencies, and relevant treatment. Some examples of different specialized courts include Adult DWI Court, Adult Drug Court, Family Dependency Court, Juvenile Drug Court, Mental Health Court, Sex Trafficking Court, Domestic Violence Court, Traffic Court, Truancy Court, and Veterans Treatment Court.
Specialized courts by country
Austria
Under hierarchical chain of ordinary courts compared to administrative courts in Austria, specialized court (Template:Lang-de) for specific jurisdictions, including court on cartel cases (Template:Lang-de) and court on employment - social welfare cases (Template:Lang-de) are established in Vienna.[3]
China
Judiciary in the People's Republic of China includes the courts of special jurisdiction, translated as 'Specialized court' including matters concerning the military, national railway system and maritime disputes.[4]
India
In India, various types of specialized tribunals are established for each of specific matters, including offences Relating to Transactions in Securities, Atrocities against Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes, consuming Narcotic Drugs, violation on NIA act, Corruption.[5] Supreme court has also setup 12 fast track special courts to exclusively deal with cases involving with MLA/MPs.[6]
United Kingdom
The judiciary of United Kingdom includes courts and tribunals for specific subject-matter jurisdictions, such as Employment Tribunal in England and Wales and Scotland, Family Court in England and Wales.[7]
United States
In the United States, special courts can handle both civil and criminal disputes. In 2008, the first Veterans' Court was created. Of the older such courts, usually Article I tribunals, is the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces founded in 1951 which functions as an appeal court for military and economic offences. Some common forms of specialty courts include "Drug Courts," "Family Courts," "Mental Health Court," and "Traffic Courts." Drug Courts are separated into categories such as "Adult Drug Court", "Juvenile Drug Court", "DWI Court," and "Veteran's Treatment Court."[8]
See also
References
- ^ "Specialty Courts - Pinal County Attorney's Office". pinalcountyattorney.org. 2018-04-27. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ^ "Court Role and Structure | United States Courts". www.uscourts.gov. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- ^ "National specialised courts - Austria". European e-Justice Portal. Retrieved 2022-05-21.
- ^ "Jia, Mark, Special Courts, Global China (August 24, 2021). Virginia Journal of International Law, Vol. 62, No. 3, 2022 (Forthcoming) pp.8-9". Retrieved 2022-05-21.
- ^ சாக்ஷி. "What is special about special courts?". தி இந்து. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^ "Inform us about setting up of special courts to try cases of politicians: SC to government". economictimes. Retrieved 8 January 2019.
- ^ "Structure of the courts & tribunal system". Judiciary website. Retrieved 2022-05-22.
- ^ "Fact Sheet, Office of National Drug Control Policy" (PDF). Office of National Drug Control Policy (published December 2010). 2010.
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