Composite miniature painting
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Composite art is when two or more different animals or animals and human beings come together to from an image and this tradition is relevant in both India and Persia. There are several mythical creatures in India where animals and humans are fused together similar can can be see in persia, such as Yali in Hinduism and---in Persia[1]. A similar concept is seen in several of the miniature paintings prominently from both Mughal Empire and Deccan Sultanate, however some examples could also be seen in Rajput, Murshidabad and Delhi school.[2] [3]Most common depiction is when a animal is formed by several human figures or other creatures found in nature.[1]
History and Origin
Composite art can be defined as a figure composed of a whole or part of different creature including human beings, animals, birds, reptiles, aquatics, insects, etc.It is difficult create such a complex figure, where an image is contained inside, thee kind of works requires a skilled, mature and creative artist. [4]Origin of the painting style is still unknown and under discussions by scholars.[5] Although it is understood that there are two prominent traditions where composite art have a history, Hindu and Mughal. Earliest known example of composite art from North India is an amalgamation of a Elephant and a Horse found in Jain Manuscript Known as Devasanopado Kalpsutra from the late 15th century and a similar example from south india is from Vijayanagar, which also a combination of elephant and horse from late 16th century.It is difficult to accredit first mughal painting of composite art but several beautiful images were have been noticed from the court of Mughal Emperor Akbar, these paintings were devoid of any colour and were done in pencil.[1]
Muslim and Hindu Styles
One of the main and earliest Mughal style composition is head of animals growing on different natural elements such as vines, a prominent example of this is the border of Jahangir's Manuscript, Farahang-i-Jahangir, which is made up of vines with head of animals both existing and fantastic.Another type of Mughal style consists of a demon or pari who is sitting on the composite creature or guiding the composite and the composite is generally composed of animals and human figures devouring each other. This style is copy in different Mughal schools such as Murshidabad, but these paintings were made in Hindu workshops.
References
- ^ a b c Bonta, R. J. D. (1996). Indian Composite painting, two articles. Orientations, January Issue, and Flora and Fauna in Mughal Art, Marg.
- ^ "Composite Paintings". Google Arts & Culture. Retrieved 2023-04-23.
- ^ aesthetic, hindu (2021-04-05). "Art History: The origin of "Composite Animals" in Deccan paintings". Medium. Retrieved 2023-04-24.
- ^ Goud, Balagouni Krishna; Sarma, M.V.S. (2012). "COMPOSITE ART: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE MINIATURE PAINTINGS IN SALAR JUNG MUSEUM". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. 73: 416–420. ISSN 2249-1937.
- ^ N.Y.), Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York; Ekhtiar, Maryam (2011). Masterpieces from the Department of Islamic Art in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-434-7.