1323
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1323 by topic |
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| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1323 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1323 MCCCXXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2076 |
| Armenian calendar | 772 ԹՎ ՉՀԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6073 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1244–1245 |
| Bengali calendar | 730 |
| Berber calendar | 2273 |
| English Regnal year | 16 Edw. 2 – 17 Edw. 2 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1867 |
| Burmese calendar | 685 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6831–6832 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬戌年 (Water Dog) 4020 or 3813 — to — 癸亥年 (Water Pig) 4021 or 3814 |
| Coptic calendar | 1039–1040 |
| Discordian calendar | 2489 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1315–1316 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5083–5084 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1379–1380 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1244–1245 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4423–4424 |
| Holocene calendar | 11323 |
| Igbo calendar | 323–324 |
| Iranian calendar | 701–702 |
| Islamic calendar | 722–723 |
| Japanese calendar | Genkō 3 (元亨３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1234–1235 |
| Julian calendar | 1323 MCCCXXIII |
| Korean calendar | 3656 |
| Minguo calendar | 589 before ROC 民前589年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −145 |
| Thai solar calendar | 1865–1866 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阳水狗年 (male Water-Dog) 1449 or 1068 or 296 — to — 阴水猪年 (female Water-Pig) 1450 or 1069 or 297 |
Year 1323 (MCCCXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
- March 6 – Treaty of Paris: Count Louis I relinquish Flemish claims over the County of Zeeland. He acknowledges William II (the Good) as count of Avesnes, Holland, and Zeeland as a state within the Holy Roman Empire. William occupies most of the Bishopric of Utrecht and tries to conquer Friesland (or Frisia) but is repelled by Governor Hessel Martena.[1]
- June 11 – Bertrand du Pouget, French papal legate, commanding a military campaign against the Ghibellines besieges Milan – but abandons the siege when King Louis IV (the Bavarian) sends a relief army to Italy to aid the city and to protect his domains against the Kingdom of Naples, which is together with France the strongest ally of the Papal States.[2]
- August 12 – Treaty of Nöteborg: Sweden signs a peace treaty with the Novgorod Republic, regulating the border (known as Finland today) for the first time. The treaty is negotiated with the help of the Hanseatic League in order to conclude the conflict over the control of the Gulf of Finland during the Swedish-Novgorodian Wars.[3]
- November – Flemish Revolt: A uprising in Flanders is caused by both excessive taxation levied by Louis I, and by his pro-French policies. The revolt is led by landowning farmers under Nicolaas Zannekin. Members of the local gentry join and William Deken, mayor of Bruges, becomes the leader of the revolt.[4]
- Winter – A conflict between Ingeborg of Norway and the regencies of her 7-year-old son, King Magnus IV (Eriksson), in Sweden and Norway, ends with the diminution of her power.[5]
England
- May 30 – King Edward II makes a 13-year truce with Scotland at York. Despite the truce, Edward refuses to accept Robert I (the Bruce) as independent ruler of Scotland.[6]
Asia
- March 13 – Siege of Warangal: Sultan Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq sends an expeditionary army led by his son, Muhammad bin Tughluq, to the Kakatiya capital Warangal – after ruler Prataparudra has refused to make tribute payments. He besieges the city and finally, after a campaign of 8 months, Prataparudra surrenders on November 9.[7]
By topic
Architecture
- Remains of the Lighthouse of Alexandria (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World) are topled by the third of a series of earthquakes.
Cities and Towns
- Vilnius is first mentioned in written sources as Vilna when the Letters of Grand Duke Gediminas, Vilnius are sent to German cities inviting Germans (including German Jews) to settle in the capital city.[8]
Religion
- July 18 – Thomas Aquinas (or Aquino), Italian priest and theologian, is canonized by Pope John XXII at the Avignon Cathedral and pronounced as a saint.[9]
- October 8 – John XXII claims the right to confirm imperial elections and demands that Louis IV (the Bavarian) surrender the kingship of the Romans.[10]
Births
- February 9 – Margaret of Brabant, Dutch noblewoman (d. 1380)
- March 27 – Anne of Luxembourg, Bohemian princess (d. 1338)
- April 9 – Kyaswa of Sagaing, Burmese prince and ruler (d. 1349)
- date unknown
- Bernabò Visconti, Italian nobleman and statesman (d. 1385)
- Charles of Durazzo, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1348)[11]
- Haring Harinxma, Frisian chieftain and potestaat (d. 1404)
- Ibn al-Mulaqqin, Egyptian scholar, jurist and writer (d. 1401)
- Jeanne of Hainault, French noblewoman and ruler (d. 1350)
- Marie de Châtillon, French noblewoman and regent (d. 1363)
- Thomas Griffin, English nobleman and knight (d. 1360)[12]
Deaths
- January 18 – Catherine of Austria, German noblewoman (b. 1295)
- March 3 – Andrew Harclay, English nobleman and knight (b. 1270)
- March 25 – Mary of Hungary, Hungarian princess and queen (b. 1257)
- April 13 – Joan of Lusignan, French noblewoman and ruler (b. 1260)
- June 11 – Berengar Fredol (the Elder), French cardinal and writer[13]
- June 19 – Mechthild of Nassau, German noblewoman and princess
- July 14 – Ralph Greystoke, English nobleman and knight (b. 1299)[14]
- August 2 – Hōjō Nobutoki, Japanese nobleman and regent (b. 1238)
- August 3 – Augustin Kažotić, Croatian prelate and bishop (b. 1260)
- September 4 – Gegeen Khan (or Yingzong), Mongol ruler (b. 1302)
- September 22 – Kosmas the Zographite, Bulgarian monk and saint
- October 11 – Henry II (the Younger), German nobleman (b. 1292)
- October 16 – Amadeus V, Savoyan nobleman and regent (b. 1252)
- October 28 – John Grey, English nobleman, knight and politician[15]
- November 16 – Frederick I (the Brave), German nobleman (b. 1257)
- date unknown
- Benvenuto Campesani, Italian poet, notary and writer (b. 1250)
- Bernhard II, German nobleman and prince (House of Ascania)
- Blanche of France, French princess (House of Capet) (b. 1253)
- Enrique Enríquez (the Elder), Castilian nobleman (b. 1246)[16]
- George II, Bulgarian nobleman and co-ruler (House of Terter)
- Gerhard IV, German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (b. 1277)
- Giorgi I, Georgian nobleman and co-ruler (House of Dadiani)
- Gong of Song, Chinese emperor (House of Zhao) (b. 1271)[17]
- Guy Ferre (the Younger), English nobleman and seneschal
- Henry III, German nobleman and co-ruler (House of Gorizia)
- Hervaeus Natalis, French scholar and theologian (b. 1260)[18]
- Ibn Adjurrum, Moroccan scholar and grammarian (b. 1273)[19]
- Ibn al-Fuwati, Persian librarian, historian and writer (b. 1244)
- Isabella of Burgundy, queen consort of Germany (b. 1270)[20]
- Joan of Taranto, queen consort of Cilician Armenia (b. 1297)
- John of Monmouth, English bishop and chancellor (b. 1270)
- Maria dalle Carceri, Italian noblewoman (House of Cornaro)
- Nicholas Orsini, Italian nobleman, count palatine and ruler[21]
- Niklot I (or Nicolas), German nobleman and ruler (b. 1250)
- Nisshō, Japanese Buddhist disciple and teacher (b. 1221)
- Zhongfeng Mingben, Chinese Buddhist master (b. 1263)[22]
References
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, p. 608. Eleventh Edition, Vol. XIII, Ed. Hugh Chisholm (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1910).
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 158. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Jensen, Kurt Villads (2019). Ristiretket, p. 280. Turku: Turun Historiallinen Yhdistys. ISBN 978-952-7045-09-1.
- ^ William H. TeBrake (1993). A Plague of Insurrection: Popular Politics and Peasant Revolt in Flanders, 1323–1328. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3241-0.
- ^ Arthur L. Herman (2021). The Viking Heart: How Scandinavians Conquered the World, pp. 176–178. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-1328595904.
- ^ Pete Armstrong (2002). Osprey: Bannockburn 1314 – Robert Bruce's great victory, p. 89. ISBN 1-85532-609-4.
- ^ Richard M. Eaton (2005). A Social History of the Deccan, 1300–1761, p. 21. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521254847.
- ^ Snyder, Timothy (2003). The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999, pp. 92–93. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10586-5.
- ^ Hampden, Renn Dickson (1848). "The Life of Thomas Aquinas: A Dissertation of the Scholastic Philosophy of the Middle Ages". Encyclopædia Metropolitana. London: John J. Griffin & Co. p. 54.
- ^ Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 158. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Bartlett, Robert (2020). Blood Royal: Dynastic Politics in Medieval Europe, p. 248. Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Richardson, Douglas (2005). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, p. 385. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles (1913). "Berenger Fredol". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
- ^ Charles Clay; Diana E. Greenway (2013). Early Yorkshire Families, p. 39. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-108-05837-7.
- ^ Wright, Thomas (1864). The Roll of arms of the princes, barons, and knights who attended King Edward I. at the Siege of Caerlaverock in 1300, PP. 2–3. London: J.C. Hotten.
- ^ Menéndez Pidal de Navascués, Faustino (1982). Instituto Luis de Salazar y Castro (ed.). Heráldica medieval espyearla. Volumen I: La Casa Real de Castilla y León. Hidalguía. ISBN 8400051505.
- ^ Heirman, Ann; Meinert, Carmen; Anderl, Christoph (2018). Buddhist Encounters and Identities Across East Asia, p. 208. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004366152.
- ^ Leonore Bazinek (1993). "Natalis, Hervaeus". In Bautz, Traugott (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German). Vol. 6. Herzberg: Bautz. cols. 468–474. ISBN 3-88309-044-1.
- ^ Sarton, George (1947). Introduction to the History of Science, p. 1009. Vol. 3.
- ^ Philippe Le Bel et la Noblesse Franc-Comtoise, p. 9. Frantz Funck-Brentano, Bibliothèque de I'École des chartes, Vol. 49 (1888).
- ^ Nicol, Donald M. (1984). The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages, pp. 91–92. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-13089-9.
- ^ Lauer, Uta (2002). A Master of His Own: The Calligraphy of the Chan Abbot Zhongfeng Mingben (1262–1323), p. 52. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 9783515079327.