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European Union statistics

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Statistics in the European Union are collected by Eurostat (European statistics body).

Area and population

EU and UK population cartogram

As of 1 January 2006, the population of the EU was about 493 million people, although in 2020 the EU lost over 10% of its population as a result of the UK leaving the bloc.[1] Many countries are expected to experience a decline in population over the coming decades,[2] though this could be offset with new countries planning to join the EU within the next 20 years. The most populous member state is Germany, with an estimated 80.4 million people. France and Ireland have the highest birth-rates.[3] The most densely populated country is the island of Malta, which is also the smallest, while the largest in area is France. The least densely populated country is Finland.

Population figures in the table below are from 2006 or 2007 estimates. The highest and lowest figures in each column have been marked in bold.

Member State Population
in millions
Population
 % of EU
Area
km2
Area
% of EU
Pop. density
People/km2
 European Union 494.8 100% 4,422,773 100% 112
 Austria 8.3 1.7% 83,858 1.9% 99
 Belgium 10.5 2.1% 30,510 0.7% 344
 Bulgaria 7.7 1.6% 110,912 2.5% 70
 Croatia 4.3 0.9% 56,594 1.3% 75.8
 Cyprus 0.8 0.2% 9,250 0.2% 84
 Czech Republic 10.3 2.1% 78,866 1.8% 131
 Denmark 5.4 1.1% 43,094 1.0% 126
 Estonia 1.3 0.3% 45,226 1.0% 29
 Finland 5.3 1.1% 337,030 7.6% 16
 France[4] 65.03 13.% 643,548 14.6% 111
 Germany 80.4 16.6% 357,021 8.1% 225
 Greece 11.1 2.2% 131,940 3.0% 84
 Hungary 10.1 2.0% 93,030 2.1% 108
 Ireland 4.6 0.9% 70,280 1.6% 60
 Italy 58.8 11.9% 301,320 6.8% 195
 Latvia 2.3 0.5% 64,589 1.5% 35
 Lithuania 3.4 0.7% 65,200 1.5% 45
 Luxembourg 0.5 0.1% 2,586 0.1% 181
 Malta 0.5 0.1% 316 0.0007% 1,261
 Netherlands 17 3.3% 41,526 0.9% 394
 Poland 38.1 7.7% 312,685 7.1% 122
 Portugal 10.6 2.1% 92,931 2.1% 114
 Romania 21.6 4.4% 238,391 5.4% 91
 Spain 44.7 9.0% 504,782 11.4% 87
 Slovakia 5.4 1.1% 48,845 1.1% 111
 Slovenia 2.0 0.4% 20,253 0.5% 99
 Sweden 10 1.8% 449,964 10.2% 20

Economy

For statistics relating to economy, please see Economy of the European Union.

EU budget

The primary resource for funding the European Union is the contributions sought from member states. Each member state contributes to the EU budget, and receives funding back from the EU, depending on the relative wealth of the states, i.e. their ability to pay.

The table below shows the contributions as a percentage of the total budget. This takes into account the special considerations given to the United Kingdom to reduce its contribution through a rebate. Expenditure in Luxembourg, Belgium and France include items for the EU administrative centres in each of those countries.

Member State Total contribution
in Euro
Total contribution
as % of total EU budget
Total expenditure
year 2006 in Euro
Total expenditure
as % of total EU budget
Net contribution
in Euro
Net contribution
in Euro per capita
Total contribution
in Euro per capita
 European Union 105,259,468,772 100.00% 106,575,500,000 100.00% -1,316,031,228 -3 213
 Germany 22,218,438,941 21.11% 12,242,400,000 11.49% 9,976,038,941 124 276
 France 17,303,107,859 16.44% 13,496,200,000 12.66% 3,806,907,859 59 266
 Italy 14,359,479,157 13.64% 10,922,300,000 10.25% 3,437,179,157 58 244
 United Kingdom 13,739,900,046 13.05% 8,294,200,000 7.78% 5,445,700,046 90 226
 Spain 8,957,286,488 8.51% 12,883,000,000 12.09% -3,925,713,512 -88 200
 Netherlands 5,552,933,781 5.28% 2,190,400,000 2.06% 3,362,533,781 198 327
 Belgium 4,035,286,807 3.83% 5,625,100,000 5.28% -1,589,813,193 -151 384
 Sweden 2,832,862,800 2.69% 1,573,400,000 1.48% 1,259,462,800 126 283
 Austria 2,308,432,030 2.19% 1,830,100,000 1.72% 478,332,030 58 278
 Denmark 2,130,860,212 2.02% 1,501,900,000 1.41% 628,960,212 116 395
 Poland 2,099,087,114 1.99% 5,305,600,000 4.98% -3,206,512,886 -84 55
 Greece 1,882,611,879 1.79% 6,833,700,000 6.41% -4,951,088,121 -446 170
 Finland 1,544,832,284 1.47% 1,280,400,000 1.20% 264,432,284 50 291
 Portugal 1,443,049,602 1.37% 3,634,800,000 3.41% -2,191,750,398 -207 136
 Ireland 1,341,281,313 1.27% 2,461,800,000 2.31% -1,120,518,687 -244 292
 Hungary 1,003,119,411 0.95% 1,842,200,000 1.73% -839,080,589 -83 99
 Czech Republic 932,392,859 0.89% 1,330,000,000 1.25% -397,607,141 -39 91
 Slovakia 393,148,777 0.37% 696,200,000 0.65% -303,051,223 -56 73
 Slovenia 299,993,572 0.29% 406,000,000 0.38% -106,006,428 -53 150
 Luxembourg 241,439,011 0.23% 1,194,800,000 1.12% -953,360,989 -1,907 483
 Lithuania 221,997,405 0.21% 799,800,000 0.75% -577,802,595 -170 65
 Cyprus 144,556,416 0.14% 239,600,000 0.22% -95,043,584 -119 181
 Latvia 115,205,431 0.11% 402,600,000 0.24% -287,394,569 -125 50
 Estonia 100,756,308 0.10% 300,000,000 0.28% -199,243,692 -142 72
 Malta 57,409,269 0.05% 157,000,000 0.14% -99,590,731 -249 144
 Bulgaria 360,600,000 0.34% -360,600,000 -47
 Romania 693,100,000 0.65% -693,100,000 -32

There are many indices available on issues such as corruption, development, and freedom. The rankings below include all EU member states, EU candidates (with the exception of Turkey, cause their accession negotiations have stalled since 2016) and EFTA countries.

Freedom of the press

EU
Rank
Member State Global
Rank
1  Norway 1
2  Finland 2
3  Denmark 3
4  Sweden 5
5  Netherlands 6
6  Switzerland 8
7  Portugal 10
8  Germany 11
9  Belgium 12
10  Ireland 13
11  Estonia 14
12  Iceland 15
13  Luxembourg 17
14  Austria 18
15  Latvia 22
16  Cyprus 27
17  Lithuania 28
EU
Rank
Member State Global
Rank
18  Spain 29
19  Slovenia 32
20  Slovakia 33
21  France 34
22  Czech Republic 40
23  Italy 41
24  Romania 48
25  Croatia 59
26  Poland 62
27  Greece 65
28  Malta 81
29  Albania 85
30  Hungary 89
31  North Macedonia 92
32  Serbia 93
33  Montenegro 105
34  Bulgaria 111

Reporters sans frontières (Reporters Without Borders) conducts an annual survey on the freedom of the press and produces scores (not shown here) for each country, resulting in the Press Freedom Index. In 2019 and 2020, Finland was proclaimed as having the freest press in the European Union, and the second in the world behind Norway. Bulgaria was ranked as having the least free press in the European Union in 2019 and 2020.[5]

Colour Codes
Good Situation
Satisfactory Situation
Noticeable problems
Difficult situation

Economic freedom

EU
Rank
Member State Global
Rank
1  Switzerland 5
2  Ireland 6
3  Denmark 8
4  Estonia 10
5  Iceland 13
6  Netherlands 14
7  Lithuania 16
8  Luxembourg 19
9  Finland 20
10  Sweden 22
11  Czech Republic 23
12  Germany 27
13  Norway 28
14  Austria 29
15  Latvia 32
16  Bulgaria 36
17  Cyprus 37
EU
Rank
Member State Global
Rank
18  Romania 38
19  North Macedonia 41
20  Malta 42
21  Poland 46
22  Belgium 48
23  Slovenia 52
24  Portugal 56
25  Albania 57
26  Spain 58
27  Slovakia 60
28  Hungary 62
29  France 64
30  Serbia 65
31  Italy 74
32  Croatia 84
33  Montenegro 91
34  Greece 100

An index of Economic Freedom is produced by The Wall Street Journal and the Heritage Foundation. It uses 50 different variables to compile the survey, in areas such as trade policy and government intervention.

A similar index produced by the World Economic Forum is its Global Competitiveness Index.

Source: 2020 Index of Economic Freedom.

Colour Codes
Free
Mostly Free
Moderately Free
Moderately Unfree

Perception of corruption

Global
Rank
Country Score
1  Denmark 90
2  Finland 87
4  Norway 84
5  Sweden 83
7  Switzerland 82
8  Netherlands 80
9  Germany 79
10  Luxembourg 77
10  Ireland 77
14  Estonia 74
14  Iceland 74
18  Belgium 73
18  United Kingdom 73
21  France 72
22  Austria 71
33  Lithuania 62
33  Portugal 62
35  Spain 60
39  Latvia 59
41  Italy 56
41  Slovenia 56
41  Czech Republic 56
Global
Rank
Country Score
41  Georgia 56
45  Poland 55
49  Slovakia 53
51  Greece 52
51  Cyprus 52
54  Malta 51
57  Croatia 50
63  Romania 46
63  Armenia 46
65  Montenegro 45
72  Bulgaria 43
77  Hungary 42
84  Kosovo 41
85  North Macedonia 40
91  Moldova 39
91  Belarus 39
101  Serbia 36
101  Albania 36
101  Turkey 36
110  Bosnia and Herzegovina 34
116  Ukraine 33
137  Russia 28

Transparency International is an international NGO publishing an annual Global Corruption Report indicating the perception of corruption around the world. The rankings of the table refer to the Corruption Perceptions Index 2022 [1]. A high ranking means low corruption.

Human development

Rank Country Global
Rank
1  Norway 1
2  Ireland 2
3  Switzerland 2
4  Iceland 4
5  Germany 6
6  Sweden 7
7  Netherlands 8
8  Denmark 10
9  Finland 11
10  United Kingdom 13
11  Belgium 14
12  Austria 18
13  Slovenia 22
14  Luxembourg 23
15  Spain 25
16  France 26
17  Czech Republic 27
18  Malta 28
19  Estonia 29
20  Italy 29
21  Greece 32
22  Cyprus 33
Rank Country Global
Rank
23  Lithuania 34
24  Poland 35
25  Latvia 37
26  Portugal 38
27  Slovakia 39
28  Hungary 40
29  Croatia 43
30  Montenegro 48
31  Romania 49
32  Russia 52
33  Belarus 53
34  Turkey 54
35  Bulgaria 56
36  Georgia 61
37  Serbia 64
38  Albania 69
39  Bosnia and Herzegovina 73
40  Ukraine 74
41  Armenia 81
42  North Macedonia 82
43  Azerbaijan 88
44  Moldova 90
Colour Codes
Very High Human Development
High Human Development

The Human Development Index is a measure produced by the United Nations which covers three aspects of human development:

The rankings of the table refer to the UNDP Human Development Report 2019 (2018 data). The UN lists all EU member states as countries with very high human development.

Democracy Index

Global
Rank
Country Score
1  Norway 9.81
3  Iceland 9.52
4  Sweden 9.39
5  Finland 9.29
6  Denmark 9.28
7  Switzerland 9.14
8  Ireland 9.13
9  Netherlands 9.00
10  Luxembourg 8.81
13  Germany 8.80
14  United Kingdom 8.28
20  Austria 8.20
22  France 8.07
22  Spain 8.07
25  Greece 7.97
25  Czech Republic 7.97
27  Estonia 7.96
28  Portugal 7.95
31  Slovenia 7.75
33  Malta 7.70
34  Italy 7.69
36  Belgium 7.64
Global
Rank
Country Score
37  Cyprus 7.38
38  Latvia 7.37
39  Lithuania 7.36
43  Slovakia 7.07
46  Poland 7.04
56  Hungary 6.64
57  Bulgaria 6.53
59  Croatia 6.50
61  Romania 6.45
61  Montenegro 6.45
64  Albania 6.41
68  Serbia 6.33
69  Moldova 6.23
72  North Macedonia 6.10
82  Armenia 5.63
87  Ukraine 5.42
90  Georgia 5.20
97  Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.00
103  Turkey 4.35
134  Azerbaijan 2.87
146  Russia 2.28
153  Belarus 1.99

The Democracy Index is an index compiled by the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU), the research division of the Economist Group, a UK-based private company which publishes the weekly newspaper The Economist.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Total Population as of 01.01.06 Archived 6 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine", EUROSTAT. Retrieved 12 November 2006.
  2. ^ "The EU's baby blues", BBC News, 27 March 2006. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
  3. ^ "France claims EU fertility crown ", BBC News, 16 January 2007. Retrieved 10 February 2007.
  4. ^ Figures for France include the four overseas departments (French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion) which are integral parts of the European Union, but do not include the overseas collectivities and territories, which are not part of the European Union. Figures for Metropolitan France proper are: population 63.6 million, area 551 695 km², and population density 113/km².
  5. ^ World Press Freedom Index 2019 and World Press Freedom Index 2020, Reporters Without Borders