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Main article: Fuel cell vehicle

A fuel cell vehicle is a vehicle that uses a fuel cell to power an electric drive system. There are also hybrid vehicles meaning that they are fitted with a fuel cell and a battery or a fuel cell and an ultracapacitor. For HICEV see List of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles. For a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of fuel cell vehicles, see fuel cell vehicle.

Cars

Production

Cars commercially available for sale or leasing.

List of modern fuel cell automobiles, pickups, vans and SUVs
commercially produced
(1990–present)
Model Production Original MRSP(2)
/Lease per month
(current $)		 Range
 Comments
Models out of production
Toyota FCHV		 2002–?
Leasing only
￥1200,000
[1]		 186.4 mi (300.0 km)[2] The Toyota FCHV and Honda FCX, which began leasing on December 2, 2002, became the world's first government-certified commercial fuel cell vehicles. Leased in the United States and Japan.[1][3][4]
Honda FCX		 2002–?
Leasing only
￥800,000
[5]		 220.6 mi (355.0 km)[3] The Honda FCX and Toyota FCHV, which began leasing on December 2, 2002, became the world's first government-certified commercial fuel cell vehicles. Leased in the United States and Japan.[1][3][4]
Ford Focus FCV		 2003-2006
Leasing only
unknown
200 mi (320 km)[6]
 Initially planned to be leased across 50 states, it was eventually only leased in California, Florida and Canada.[citation needed]
Nissan X-Trail FCV 04		 2003-2013
Leasing only
¥1,000,000[7]
(US$8,850)
350 km (220 mi)[7]
 Leased to businesses and government entities in Japan and California.[8][9]
Mercedes-Benz F-Cell (A-Class based)		 2005-2007
Leasing only
unknown
100 mi (160 km)[6]
to 110 mi (180 km)[10]
 100 leased around the world.[11]
Chevrolet Equinox FC		 2007-2009
Leasing only
190 mi (310 km)[12]
 Leased in California and New York.
Toyota FCHV-adv		 2008–?
Leasing only
￥840,000
[13]		 472.24 mi (760.00 km) (JC08 test cycle)[14]
515.74 mi (830.00 km) (10-15 test cycle)[14]		 Leased in the United States and Japan.[13][14]
Honda FCX Clarity		 2008-2015
Leasing only
US$600
280 mi (450 km)[15]
later 240 mi (390 km)[16]
and 231 mi (372 km)[17]
 Leased in the United States, Europe and Japan.
Mercedes-Benz F-Cell (B-Class based)		 2010-2014
Leasing only
US$850
190 mi (310 km)[16]
 Leased in southern California.[16]
Hyundai ix35 FCEV		 2014–2018
Leasing only
US$599[18]
265 mi (426 km)[19]
 Leased in South Korea, California, Europe and Vancouver (sometimes referred to as the "Tucson").
Honda Clarity		 2016–2021
Sales and Leasing
$58,490 [20]
300 mi (480 km)[20]
 Marketed in Japan, Southern California, Europe.[20][21] Total sales 1,900 vehicles.[22]
Models in production
Toyota Mirai		 2015–present
Sales and leasing
US$49,500[23]
402 mi (647 km)[23]
 Marketed mainly in Japan, California, and Europe. As of November 2021, global sales topped 17,600 units since inception.[24]
Hyundai Nexo		 2018–present
Sales and leasing
US$58,300[25]
370 mi (600 km)[26]
 Marketed in South Korea, California, and Europe.

Demonstration fleets

Cars for testing and pre-production.

Concept

Aetek/FYK

Alfa Romeo:

Audi:

BMW:

Chang'an:

Chrysler:

Daimler:

Mercedes-Benz NECAR 1
Three Mercedes-Benz F-Cells completed a 125-day around the world drive in 2011.

FAW Group:

Fiat:

Ford:

General Motors:

Gumpert Aiways Automobile:

Honda:

Hyundai:

Maxus:

Mazda:

Mitsubishi:

Morgan LIFEcar

Morgan:

Nissan:

  • 2012 - Nissan TeRRA[54]

Peugeot:

Riversimple:

Ronn Motor Company:

SAIC:

Suzuki:

Toyota:

2014 Toyota FCV concept car

Volkswagen:

Light commercial van

Production

Concept

Daimler:

Trains - locomotives

Debut of the Alstom Coradia iLint at InnoTrans 2016
Main article: Hydrail

Trucks

Production

Demonstration fleets

Concept

Nikola Motor Company:

  • Nikola One
  • Nikola Two
  • Nicola Tre

Buses

Dolomitech's Hybrid Fuel Cell BUS

Production

Demonstration fleets

Concept

Daimler:

Dolomitech

Ford:

  • Ford E350 fuel cell shuttle bus
Hyundai's ELEC-CITY Fuel cell electric bus in Seoul, Korea

ISE Corporation:

New Flyer Industries:

Škoda:

Solaris:

Tata:

Toyota's FCHV-BUS at the Expo 2005

Toyota:

University of Glamorgan, Wales:

Van Hool:

VDL:

Wrightbus:

Motorcycles

Yamaha:

Vessels

Main article: Hydrogen ship
Submarines

Aircraft

In 2008, The Boeing Fuel Cell Demonstrator achieved straight-level flight on a crewed mission powered by a hydrogen fuel cell.
  • 2008 - Aircraft, Boeing[90]
  • 2015 - Drone, Intelligent Energy, UK tested successfully Drones with Hydrogen fuel cell engine.[91]
  • 2016 - HY4 is the first passenger aircraft in Germany.[92]

Racing vehicles

  • 2008 - Element One - fuel cell vehicle - an American fuel cell-powered race vehicle built for the 2008 Formula Zero Championship, the world's first hydrogen race series.
  • 2008 - Zero Emission Racing Team - fuel cell vehicle - Belgian team for Formula Zero Racing series.
  • 2008 - Forze I - fuel cell vehicle - Dutch team for Formula Zero Racing series.
  • 2009 - Forze II - fuel cell vehicle - Dutch team for Formula Zero Racing series.
  • 2009 - Buckeye Bullet 2 - fuel cell vehicle - American team for land speed records.
  • 2010 - Forze III - fuel cell vehicle - Dutch team for Formula Zero Racing series.
  • 2011 - Forze IV - fuel cell vehicle - Dutch team for Formula Student competition.
  • 2012 - Forze V - fuel cell vehicle - Dutch team for Formula Student competition.
  • 2013 - Concept Green GT H2 - fuel cell vehicle - French team for 24h of Le Mans.
  • 2013 - Concept Forze VI - fuel cell vehicle - Dutch team for CCRC Competition.
  • 2016 - Forze VII - fuel cell vehicle - Dutch studentteam which competes against petrol powered cars with a LMP3.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Toyota to lease fuel-cell cars to state". The Japan Times. 19 November 2002. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023.
  2. ^ "トヨタとホンダ、燃料電池車を限定発売". Nikkei Digital Media, Inc. 4 December 2002. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013.
  3. ^ a b c "First Honda FCX Fuel Cell Vehicles Delivered on Same Day in Japan and the U.S." Honda. 3 December 2002. Archived from the original on 8 March 2023.
  4. ^ a b "Hydrogen-powered Honda achieves world first". The Japan Times. 26 July 2002. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019.
  5. ^ "燃料電池の現状と普及に向けた課題" (PDF). Development Bank of Japan. May 2005. p. 38. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2008.
  6. ^ a b https://web.archive.org/web/20051124134253/http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_sbs.shtml
  7. ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2016-03-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/ENVIRONMENT/CAR/FUEL_BATTERY/DEVELOPMENT/FCV/
  9. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-03-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20061202085047/http://www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_sbs.shtml
  11. ^ http://www.easier.com/5440-mercedes-benz-a-class-f-cell-vehicle-to-visit-london.html
  12. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20090813020701/http://fueleconomy.gov/feg/fcv_sbs.shtml
  13. ^ a b "Toyota to Begin Leasing Advanced Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle". Toyota. 29 August 2008. Archived from the original on 25 April 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2009.
  14. ^ a b c "Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicle-Advanced". Toyota.com/esq/. 2010-02-26. Archived from the original on 2012-05-30. Retrieved 2012-04-03.
  15. ^ "Compare Fuel Cell Vehicles Side-by-Side". www.fueleconomy.gov. Archived from the original on 8 December 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  16. ^ a b c "Compare Fuel Cell Vehicles Side-by-Side". fueleconomy.gov. Archived from the original on 26 December 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  17. ^ "Compare Fuel Cell Vehicles Side-by-Side". www.fueleconomy.gov. Archived from the original on 27 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  18. ^ "The Tucson Fuel Cell FAQ | HyundaiHydrogen.ca". Archived from the original on 2016-03-24. Retrieved 2016-03-28.
  19. ^ "Compare Fuel Cell Vehicles".
  20. ^ a b c "Honda Delivers First Clarity Fuel Cell Sedan In Japan".
  21. ^ "Six Honda Clarity Fuel Cells Delivered to Support EU's HyFIVE initiative". Archived from the original on 2016-12-03.
  22. ^ "Honda discontinues fuel cell car Clarity on weak demand". June 16, 2021. Retrieved July 29, 2021.
  23. ^ a b Toyota Motor Corporation (16 December 2020). "Toyota Introduces Second-Generation Mirai Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle as Design and Technology Flagship Sedan". Toyota Newsroom. Retrieved 18 September 2021. The Mirai XLE grade has a starting MSRP of $49,500, which is $9,050 less than the starting MSRP of the outgoing 2020 Mirai.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  24. ^ "Sales, Production, and Export Results for November 2021 | Sales, Production, and Export Results | Profile | Company". Toyota Motor Corporation. Japan. 24 December 2021. Retrieved 27 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  25. ^ "2019 Hyundai NEXO Prices, Reviews, and Pictures". Edmunds. Archived from the original on 2020-11-26.
  26. ^ Panait, Mircea (January 9, 2018). "2019 Hyundai Nexo Fuel Cell Vehicle Features 370 Miles of Range". AutoEvolution.
  27. ^ a b c d e f "11 early Toyota hydrogen fuel cell concepts". Toyota (GB) PLC. 4 November 2014. Archived from the original on 25 September 2021.
  28. ^ "Lotus Engineering Zero Emissions Black Cab (2010) | H2-Mobility". netinform. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  29. ^ "Hyundai Motor Company unveils fuel cell-powered Santa Fe SUV at grand opening of California fuel cell partnership". HyundaiUSA. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  30. ^ "Audi A2H2 Car". Hydrogen Cars Now. 2015. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  31. ^ "GM HydroGen4, Op weg naar Zero Emissions met GM HydroGen4". AutoZine. 2007-09-04. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  32. ^ Eberle, Ulrich; Mueller, Bernd; von Helmolt, Rittmar (2012-07-15). "Fuel cell electric vehicles and hydrogen infrastructure: status 2012". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
  33. ^ Sebastian Blanco (2009-06-09). "First Drive: hydrogen-powered Kia Borrego FCEV and Nissan X-Trail FCV - Autoblog". Green.autoblog.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  34. ^ "Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cars, Our ECO-Friendly lineup with proven safety". Kia.com. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  35. ^ "Renault Scenic ZEV H2 prototype (2008) review". carmagazine.co.uk. 2008-06-27. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  36. ^ a b c "SAIC Motor unveils hydrogen strategy plan". SAIC Motor (Press release). 13 September 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  37. ^ Raja, Shrawan (20 April 2014). "SAIC Roewe 950 fuel cell concept". IAB China Autos. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014.
  38. ^ "Audi Q5 FCEV (2009) | H2-Mobility". netinform. 2009-10-19. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  39. ^ "BMW 1 Series Fuel Cell Hybrid (2010) | H2-Mobility". netinform. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  40. ^ "BMW once built a hydrogen fuel cell i8". BMW Blog. 2015-07-02. Retrieved 2015-08-07.
  41. ^ "See the BMW i8 hydrogen fuel cell in action". BMW Blog. 2015-07-14. Retrieved 2015-08-07.
  42. ^ "BMW 5 Series GT FCEV hydrogen fuel cell prototype review". autoexpress.co.uk. 2015-07-02. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  43. ^ "The BMW i Hydrogen NEXT. Our fuel cell development vehicle". BMWgroup.com. 2019-09-10. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  44. ^ "Mercedes F600 Hygenius Concept". Paul Tan. 2005-10-23. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  45. ^ "Mercedes-Benz B-Class F-Cell (2009) | H2-Mobility". netinform. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  46. ^ "Chevrolet Sequel Concept - We drive GM's fuel-cell flagship". caranddriver.com. 2006-01-09. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  47. ^ Wren, Wesley (6 March 2020). "The Gumpert Nathalie First Edition Is a Production-Ready Methanol Fuel Cell Vehicle". Autoweek. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  48. ^ a b "2016 Clarity Fuel Cell". Honda. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  49. ^ "Hyundai Tucson ix35 FCEV (2010) | H2-Mobility". netinform. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  50. ^ "Hyundai unveils fuel cell Intrado concept car at Geneva show". Fuel Cells Bulletin. 2014 (3): 2. 2014. doi:10.1016/S1464-2859(14)70064-1. ISSN 1464-2859.
  51. ^ "SAIC MAXUS New flagship MPV G20 debut at Shanghai Auto Show, priced at 179,800-289,800 yuan". SAIC MAXUS (Press release). 16 April 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  52. ^ "Mazda Develops Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle, "Demio FCEV"". newsroom-mazda.com. 1997-09-26. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  53. ^ "Mazda introduces new fuel cell electric vehicle, "Premacy FC-EV"". newsroom-mazda.com. 2001-02-13. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  54. ^ "Nissan's New Concept SUV Is An Odd-Looking Bid For the Youth Market". businessinsider.com. 2012-09-13. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  55. ^ "Car maker Riversimple launches first UK trial of hydrogen cars" (PDF). Riversimple (Press release). 16 June 2016. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  56. ^ Viknesh Vijayenthiran (2007-01-12). "SAIC Roewe 750 sedan FC". Motorauthority.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  57. ^ "V. MR WAGON FCV". globalsuzuki.com. 2003-10-23. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  58. ^ "Suzuki receives approval to test new SX4-FCV fuel-cell vehicle on public roads, plans exhibit at G8 summit". globalsuzuki.com. 2008-06-13. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  59. ^ "Volkswagen HyMotion Fuel Cell Tiguan". 2007-11-14. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  60. ^ "VW Passat Lingyu". Archived from the original on 2014-09-02. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
  61. ^ "VW Golf SportWagen HyMotion Fuel Cell Concept Unveiled At 2014 L.A. Auto Show". motorauthority.com. 2014-11-19. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  62. ^ "Volkswagen debuts hydrogen-powered Crafter HyMotion van concept with 310-mile range". motorauthority.com. 2018-09-19. Retrieved 2020-02-02.
  63. ^ Gilkes, Dan (3 September 2020). "The Chinese contender". Transport Engineer. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  64. ^ "Engineering students build UK's first hydrogen powered locomotive". UK: University of Birmingham. 2012-08-21. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  65. ^ Hoffrichter, Andreas (2013). Hydrogen as an energy carrier for railway traction (PhD). Birmingham, UK: University of Birmingham.
  66. ^ "Ballard Power (BLDP) Announces Demonstration of First Fuel Cell-Powered Electric Tram". Street Insider. US. 2015-04-07. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  67. ^ Salvacion, Manny (2015-03-21). "China Presents the World's First Hydrogen-Fueled Tram". Yibada. US. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  68. ^ Fan, Wenxin (2015-03-26). "China's Hydrogen-Powered Future Starts in Trams, Not Cars". Bloomberg. US. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
  69. ^ Smith, Kevin (2017-10-31). "CRRC Tangshan trials new hydrogen-fuelled tram". International Railway Journal. Retrieved 2019-02-13.
  70. ^ Hawthorne, Melanie (2018-11-08). "Hydrail: Hydrogen-Powered Trains to Pioneer the Way We Travel". TechAcute. Germany. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
  71. ^ Burgess, Matt (2017-03-17). "World's first hydrogen-powered passenger train takes to the tracks in Germany". Wired. UK. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  72. ^ Molloy, Mark (2017-03-22). "The world's first zero-emissions hydrogen train is coming". The Telegraph. UK. Retrieved 2017-03-22.
  73. ^ "Hyundai XCIENT Fuel Cell Heads to Europe for Commercial Use". Hyundai News (Press release). 6 July 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  74. ^ "Kenworth Video Stars Zero Emissions Kenworth T680 FCEV on the Climb to 14,115-Foot Pikes Peak Summit". Kenworth (Press release). 11 January 2021. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  75. ^ "First Heavy Duty Fuel Cell Electric Trucks Set for Delivery to Pilot Program Customers at Ports of L.A. and Long Beach". Toyota USA Newsroom (Press release). 10 December 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  76. ^ "Toyota and Hino Launch Initiative with Seven-Eleven, FamilyMart, and Lawson to Introduce Light-Duty Fuel Cell Electric Trucks". Toyota. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
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  78. ^ "Popularizing FCEVs: NEXO Sales over 10,000 Units". Hyundai Motor Group (Press release). 20 November 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
  79. ^ Do, Byung-Uk (28 September 2020). "Hyundai exports hydrogen vehicles to world's No. 1 oil producer Saudi Aramco". The Korea Economic Daily. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
  80. ^ "대한민국 1호 수소전기버스 시승기". 네이버 블로그 | 꿈쟁이의 스케치북 (in Korean). 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-14.
  81. ^ "Sunwin Delivered Fuel Cell Bus". Sunwin (Press release). October 2018. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
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  83. ^ "Prodotti". Dolomitech.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
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  85. ^ "Škoda TriHyBus (2009) | H2-Mobility". netinform. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  86. ^ "Starbus Fuel Cell - BS III | Tata Starbus | Tata Starbus Price". Buses.tatamotors.com. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  87. ^ "Toyota FCHV-Bus new (2010) | H2-Mobility". netinform. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  88. ^ "Van Hool A300L fuel cell (2009) | H2-Mobility". netinform. 2009-10-21. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  89. ^ "Self-fueling boat Energy Observer sets off from Paris on 6-year world trip". Retrieved 2017-07-16.
  90. ^ Robertson, David (2008-04-03). "Boeing tests first hydrogen powered plane". The Times. London.
  91. ^ McGoogan, Cara (2015-12-15). "These hydrogen-powered drones can fly for hours". Wired. UK. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
  92. ^ Schächtele, Kai (2016-12-01). "Flying towards a fossil fuel-free future: the HY4 and its plans for zero emission passenger flights". Wired. UK. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
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