Pelomedusidae
- Alternatively, "Pelomedusidae" may refer to the Pelomedusoidea. See below for details.
| Pelomedusidae | |
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| Pelomedusa subrufa, African helmeted turtle | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Pleurodira |
| Hyperfamily: | Pelomedusoides |
| Family: | Pelomedusidae Cope, 1868 |
| Genera | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Pelomedusinae Cope, 1868 | |
Pelomedusidae is a family of freshwater turtles endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, including Madagascar, São Tomé, and the Seychelles(Although this pop. may have been introduced by humans). They range in size from 12 to 45 cm (4.7 to 17.7 in) in carapace length, and are generally roundish in shape. They are unable to fully withdraw their heads into their shells, instead drawing them to the side and folding them beneath the upper edge of their shells, hence are called African side-necked turtles.
The family contains two living genera. They are distinguished from their closest relatives by a hinge in the front section of the plastron.[3]
Pelomedusidae spends most of its time in the mud at the bottom of rivers or shallow lakes, where they eat invertebrates, such as insects, mollusks, and worms. Many species aestivate through the dry season, burying themselves in the mud.[3]
Systematics and taxonomy
The related Podocnemididae is either treated as a distinct family or as a subfamily (Podocnemidinae) in the Pelomedusidae. The African side-necked turtles are then also demoted to subfamily rank, as the Pelomedusinae.[3]
As taxonomic rank is only meaningful as part of a sequence (a biological "family" has no fixed meaning on its own), both treatments are technically correct. Ultimately, the issue hinges upon the Austro-American side neck turtles (Chelidae).[citation needed] These Pleurodira are less closely related to the Podocnemididae and Pelomedusidae than these are to each other.[citation needed] If all three are ranked as full families, the Chelidae is treated as a basal lineage, while the other two are united in the superfamily Pelomedusoidea.[citation needed] This treatment is preferred here, because it allows more convenient placement of prehistoric pleurodires (e.g. the Bothremydidae).
Within Pelomedusidae are 2 genera and 27 extant species. [4]
- Pelomedusa
- Pelusios
- Pelusios adansonii
- Pelusios bechuanicus
- Pelusios broadleyi
- Pelusios carinatus
- Pelusios castaneus
- Pelusios castanoides
- Pelusios chapini
- Pelusios cupulatta
- Pelusios gabonensis
- Pelusios marani
- Pelusios nanus
- Pelusios niger
- Pelusios rhodesianus
- Pelusios sinuatus
- Pelusios subniger
- Pelusios upembae
- Pelusios williamsi
Pelusios seychellensis was originally described as an endemic species to the Seychelles based on Museum specimens from the 19th century. However, this species was never found again and thus listed as Extinct by the IUCN. However, mitochondrial evidence proved the specimens to actually be from P. castaneus thus revoking the species status of P. seychellensis.[5]
References
- ^ Aguillon-Martinez, Martha Carolina (2010). Fossil vertebrates from the Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila, Mexico, and the distribution of Late Campanian (Cretaceous) terrestrial vertebrate faunas. Dallas, Texas: Southern Methodist University. pp. 34–38.
- ^ Pérez-García, Adán (1 October 2019). "The African Aptian Francemys gadoufaouaensis gen. et sp. nov.: New data on the early diversification of Pelomedusoides (Testudines, Pleurodira) in northern Gondwana". Cretaceous Research. 102: 112–126. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.06.003. ISSN 0195-6671.
- ^ a b c Obst, Fritz Jürgen (1998): [Pelomedusinae]. In: Cogger, H.G., & Zweifel, R.G. (eds.): Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians: 112-113. San Diego: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
- ^ Uetz, P., Freed, P, Aguilar, R., Reyes, F. & Hošek, J. (eds.) (2023) The Reptile Database, http://www.reptile-database.org, accessed May, 9th 2023
- ^ doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057116
Further reading
- Edward Drinker Cope. 1868. An Examination of the REPTILIA and BATRACHIA obtained by the Orton Expedition to Equador [sic] and the Upper Amazon, with notes on other species. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 20: 96-140. (Pelomedusidæ, new family, p. 119).
- Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR. 1978. Introduction to Herpetology: Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp. ISBN 0-7167-0020-4. (Family Pelomedusidae, pp. 271–272).
External links
