Tourism in Vietnam
Tourism in Vietnam is a component of the modern Vietnamese economy. In 2019, Vietnam received 18 million international arrivals, up from 2.1 million in the year 2000. The Vietnam National Administration of Tourism is following a long-term plan to diversify the tourism industry, which brings foreign exchange into the country.[1]
Tourist arrivals in Vietnam have continued to rise in recent years. In 2008, Vietnam received 4.218 million international tourists, in 2009 the number was 3.8 million, down 11%. In 2012, Vietnam received 6.84 million tourists.[2] This was a 13% increase from 2011 figure of 6 million international visitors, which was itself a rise of 2 million visitors relative to 2010 arrivals. In 2016, Vietnam welcomed 10 million international visitors which represented a 26% increase from the previous year.[3][4] In 2019, Vietnam with 18 million international visitors was fifth most visited country in the Asia-Pacific region as per World Tourism rankings released by the United Nations World Tourism Organization.[5]
Tourism in the economy
Tourism is important in Vietnam. For backpackers, culture and nature lovers, beach-lovers, military soldiers and veterans, Vietnam has become a new tourist destination in Southeast Asia. Local and international tour operators offer tours to ethnic minority groups, walking and bicycle tours, photography tours, kayak trips and multi-country trips in particular with neighboring Cambodia, Laos and Thailand. Foreign tourists have been able to travel freely in the country since 1997.
The economy of Vietnam has transformed from an agrarian to a service economy. More than a third of gross domestic product is generated by services, which include the hotel and catering industry and transportation. The manufacturing and construction (28 percent), agriculture and fisheries (20 percent) and mining (10 percent) have much smaller shares.[6]
Tourism contributes 4.5 percent to gross domestic product (as of 2007). After heavy industry and urban development, most foreign investment in Vietnam has been concentrated in tourism, especially in hotel projects.[7] According to usual report of World Tourism and Travel Council, tourism contributed 6.6 percent to GDP equal VND 279,287 billion (03/2016) which has important contribution promoting development of related sectors such as transportation, entertainment, cuisine etc.
Tourism statistics
International visitors
Data source: Ministry of Culture, Sport & Tourism[8]
Year | Tourist Arrivals |
Change |
---|---|---|
6/2023 | 5,574,969 | 12,07% [9] |
2022 | 3,440,019 | 98,2% [9] |
2021 | 3.500 | −99% [9] |
2020 | 3,686,779 | −78% [9] |
2019 | 18,008,591 | 16.2% [9] |
2018 | 15,497,791 | 19.9% [10] |
2017 | 12,922,151 | 29.1%[11] |
2016 | 10,012,735 | 26% |
2015 | 7,943,651 | 0.9% |
2014 | 7,874,312 | 4% |
2013 | 7,572,352 | 10.60% |
2012 | 6,847,678 | 10.8% |
2011 | 6,014,032 | 19.1% |
2010 | 5,049,855 | 34.8% |
2009 | 3,772,359 | −10.9% |
2008 | 4,253,740 | 0.6% |
2007 | 4,171,564 | 16% |
2006 | 3,583,486 | 3% |
2005 | 3,467,757 | 18.4% |
2004 | 2,927,876 | 20.5% |
2003 | 2,429,600 | −7.6% |
2002 | 2,628,200 | 12.8% |
2001 | 2,330,800 | 8.9% |
2000 | 2,140,100 | 20.0% |
1999 | 1,781,800 | 17.2% |
1998 | 1,520,100 | −11.4% |
1997 | 1,715,600 | 6.7% |
1996 | 1,607,200 | 18.9% |
1995 | 1,351,300 |
Top 29 International Visitors in Vietnam
Data Source: Ministry of Culture, Sport & Tourism[3][12]
Rank | Country | 6/2023 | 2022 | 3/2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | South Korea | 1,602,183 | 769,167 | 819,089 | 4,290,802 | 3,485,406 | 2,415,245 | 1,543,883 | 1,112,978 | 847,958 | 748,727 | 700,917 | 536,408 |
2 | China | 557,151 | 71,862 | 871,819 | 6,806,425 | 4,966,468 | 4,008,253 | 2,696,848 | 1,780,918 | 1,947,236 | 1,907,794 | 1,428,693 | 1,416,804 |
3 | United States | 373,785 | 215,274 | 172,706 | 746,171 | 687,226 | 614,117 | 552,644 | 491,249 | 443,776 | 432,228 | 443,826 | 439,872 |
4 | Taiwan | 322,489 | 89,463 | 192,216 | 926,744 | 714,112 | 616,232 | 507,301 | 438,704 | 388,998 | 398,990 | 409,385 | 361,051 |
5 | Thailand* | 265,963 | 162,567 | 125,725 | 509,802 | 349,310 | 301,587 | 266,984 | 214,645 | 246,874 | 268,968 | 225,866 | 181,820 |
6 | Japan | 241,087 | 128,764 | 200,346 | 951,962 | 826,674 | 798,119 | 740,592 | 671,379 | 647,956 | 604,050 | 576,386 | 481,519 |
7 | Malaysia* | 231,916 | 135,007 | 116,221 | 606,206 | 540,119 | 480,456 | 407,574 | 346,584 | 332,994 | 339,510 | 299,041 | 233,132 |
8 | Cambodia* | 197,816 | 140,461 | 120,430 | 227,910 | 202,954 | 222,614 | 211,949 | 227,074 | 404,159 | 342,347 | 331,939 | 423,440 |
9 | Australia | 184,799 | 99,156 | 92,227 | 383,511 | 386,934 | 370,438 | 320,678 | 303,721 | 321,089 | 319,636 | 289,844 | 289,762 |
10 | Singapore* | 154,955 | 128,399 | 51,726 | 308,969 | 286,246 | 277,658 | 257,041 | 236,547 | 202,436 | 195,760 | 196,225 | 172,500 |
11 | United Kingdom | 129,515 | 67,337 | 81,433 | 315,084 | 298,114 | 283,537 | 254,841 | 212,798 | 202,256 | 184,663 | 170,346 | 156,300 |
12 | France | 106,412 | 58,107 | 74,480 | 287,655 | 279,659 | 255,369 | 240,808 | 211,636 | 213,745 | 209,946 | 219,721 | 211,444 |
13 | Germany | 99,174 | 59,975 | 61,465 | 226,792 | 213,986 | 199,872 | 176,015 | 149,079 | 142,345 | 97,673 | 106,068 | 45,000 |
14 | Canada | 73,373 | 37,894 | 41,807 | 159,121 | 149,535 | 138,242 | 122,929 | 105,670 | 104,291 | 104,973 | 113,563 | TBA |
15 | Philippines* | 67,444 | 36,281 | 36,969 | 179,190 | 151,641 | 133,543 | 110,967 | 99,757 | 103,403 | 100,501 | 99,192 | TBA |
16 | Russia | 61,968 | 28,056 | 244,966 | 646,524 | 606,637 | 574,164 | 433,987 | 338,843 | 364,873 | 298,126 | 174,287 | 101,600 |
17 | Laos* | 54,447 | 47,002 | 36,810 | 98,492 | 120,009 | 141,588 | 137,004 | 113,992 | 136,636 | 122,873 | 150,678 | 118,500 |
18 | Indonesia* | 44,481 | 26,338 | 21,446 | 106,688 | 87,941 | 81,065 | 69,653 | 62,240 | 68,628 | 70,390 | 60,857 | TBA |
19 | Netherlands | 29,855 | 19,756 | 18,265 | 81,092 | 77,300 | 72,277 | 64,712 | 52,967 | 49,120 | 47,413 | 45,862 | TBA |
20 | Italy | 24,758 | 15,051 | 17,774 | 70,798 | 65,562 | 58,041 | 51,265 | 40,291 | 36,427 | 32,143 | 31,337 | TBA |
21 | Spain | 22,682 | 22,511 | 11,783 | 83,597 | 77,071 | 69,528 | 57,957 | 44,932 | 40,716 | 33,183 | 31,305 | TBA |
22 | Denmark | 15,874 | 8,250 | 14,444 | 42,043 | 39,926 | 34,720 | 30,996 | 27,414 | 27,029 | 25,649 | 27,970 | TBA |
23 | Sweden | 13,819 | 6,487 | 21,857 | 50,704 | 49,723 | 44,045 | 37,679 | 32,025 | 32,466 | 31,493 | 35,735 | TBA |
24 | Switzerland | 13,751 | 8,025 | 10,845 | 36,577 | 34,541 | 33,123 | 31,475 | 28,750 | 29,738 | 28,423 | 28,740 | TBA |
25 | New Zealand | 13,695 | 8,681 | 9,470 | 47,088 | 49,854 | 49,115 | 42,588 | 31,960 | 33,120 | 30,957 | 26,621 | TBA |
26 | Belgium | 11,308 | 8,104 | 7,452 | 34,187 | 31,382 | 29,144 | 26,231 | 23,939 | 23,227 | 21,572 | 18,914 | TBA |
27 | Norway | 10,349 | 5,235 | 8,958 | 28,037 | 26,134 | 24,293 | 23,110 | 21,425 | 22,708 | 21,157 | 19,928 | TBA |
28 | Finland | 5,474 | 2,476 | 9,994 | 21,480 | 22,785 | 18,236 | 15,953 | 15,043 | 13,831 | 14,660 | 16,204 | TBA |
29 | Hong Kong | 96 | 43 | 3,780 | 51,618 | 62,208 | 47,721 | 34,613 | TBA | 14,601 | 10,232 | 13,383 | TBA |
Total | 5,574,969 | 3,440,019 | 3,686,779 | 18,008,591 | 15,497,791 | 12,922,151 | 10,012,735 | 7,943,651 | 7,874,312 | 7,572,352 | 6,847,678 | 6,014,032 |
* Country in ASEAN
Destinations and attractions
National parks of Vietnam
Vietnam has 31 national parks: Ba Bể, Ba Vì, Bạch Mã, Bái Tử Long, Bến En, Bidoup Núi Bà, Bù Gia Mập, Cát Bà, Cát Tiên, Chư Mom Ray, Chư Yang Sin, Côn Đảo, Cúc Phương, Hoàng Liên, Kon Ka Kinh, Lò Gò-Xa Mát, Cape Cà Mau, Núi Chúa, Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng, Phú Quốc, Phước Bình, Pù Mát, Tam Đảo, Tràm Chim, U Minh Hạ, U Minh Thượng, Vũ Quang, Xuân Sơn, Xuân Thủy, Yok Đôn.
World Heritage sites
Huế (highly recommended by the tourist), Hội An, Mỹ Sơn (Quảng Nam province), Hạ Long Bay (Quảng Ninh province), Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park (Quảng Bình province), Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long (Hanoi) and Citadel of the Hồ Dynasty (Thanh Hóa province). Hạ Long Bay is one of New Seven Natural Wonders of the world (and the face of Vietnam for the tourist).
Man and the Biosphere Programme
Vietnam has eight zones that are world biosphere reserves: Red River Delta (Ninh Bình, Nam Định, Thái Bình), Cát Bà National Park (Hai Phong), western Nghệ An, Cu Lao Cham Marine Park, Cape Cà Mau National Park (Cà Mau), Cát Tiên National Park (Đồng Nai) and Cần Giờ (Ho Chi Minh City). Foreign tourist highly recommend the rural Vietnam and see it as the most beautiful in East Asia (Da Nang-Hue are a "want to go back every year" place) [citation needed]
National tourist area
Vietnam now has 21 national tourist areas, major tourist sites that are state recognized:
Sa Pa (Lào Cai), Ba Bể (Bắc Kạn), Hạ Long Bay – Cát Bà Island (Quảng Ninh, Hai Phong), Ba Vì National Park (Hanoi), Perfume Pagoda (Hanoi), Cổ Loa Citadel (Hanoi), Tam Cốc-Bích Động (Ninh Bình)(with 100% foreign tourist enthusiastic), Kim Liên (Nghệ An), Phong Nha-Kẻ Bàng National Park (Quảng Bình), Ho Chi Minh trail (Quảng Trị), Lăng Cô – Hải Vân Pass – Non Nuoc (Thừa Thiên–Huế and Da Nang), Hội An (Quảng Nam), Van Phong Bay (Khánh Hòa), Phan Thiết – Mũi Né (Bình Thuận), Dankia – Yellow Springs, Tuyền Lâm Lake (Lâm Đồng), Cần Giờ Mangrove Forest (Ho Chi Minh City), Côn Đảo (Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu), Long Hai beach (Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu), Phú Quốc (Kiên Giang), Biosphere Reserve Cape Cà Mau (Cà Mau).
Cities
Since 2014, Hanoi has consistently been voted in the world's top ten destinations by TripAdvisor. It ranked 8th in 2014,[13] 4th in 2015[14] and 8th in 2016.[15]
In 2014, Hanoi, Hoi An and Ho Chi Minh City appeared in TripAdvisor's 2014 Traveler's Choice Awards for the top 25 destinations in Asia. Hanoi was ranked second, Hoi An tenth and Ho Chi Minh City eighteenth.[16] In 2017, Đà Lạt is in the list of Asia's overlooked places by the CNN.
International tourist arrivals
International airports
Air travel is the most popular form of travel for international arrivals to Vietnam; in 2013, nearly 6 million of the 7.6 million total international arrivals were by air.[17]
Tan Son Nhat International Airport, which serves Ho Chi Minh City, is the busiest airport with the largest visitor volume. On the other hand, Noi Bai International Airport, serving Hanoi, is the largest airport in terms of land area and total capacity after its opening of the modern international terminal. Other major airports include Da Nang International Airport, Cam Ranh International Airport and Cat Bi International Airport.
In March 2020 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, Vietnam has suspended issuance of all tourist visa; however, as of September 2020, the country is still closed for foreign tourists until 2022,[18] with plans to reopen for tourism from a limited number of Asian countries.[19]
Military tourism
Throughout thousands of years, wars played a great role in shaping the identity and culture of people inhabited the land which is modern day Vietnam,
There are numerous historical sites from Ancient Vietnam to the First Indochina War and the Second Indochina War.
Most notable ancient sites include:
Most notable places from the First and Second Indochina War (Vietnam War) for tourists are:
Volunteer tour programs
Various tour groups, including Saigon Hotpot, Dana Dragon Free, and Hanoi Kids, offer free travel guides for foreign travelers.
Concerns
While Vietnam is largely a safe country to travel, scams remain as a problem in the country. Vietnamese tourist industry, despite its successful expansion, has been marred with the issue of fake taxis, money switch, thieving. These concerns have hindered the opportunity to further boost Vietnam's tourism.[21]
The tourism industry in Vietnam is grappling with numerous shortcomings and challenges, including environmental pollution at tourist sites, inadequate preservation of historical landmarks, resulting in severe damage or significant deviations from their original cultural heritage, and the imposition of entrance fees. Other issues include aggressive solicitation and overcharging, arbitrary price hikes for accommodations, substandard infrastructure and transportation, and subpar services. Additionally, the management efforts by relevant authorities have not yielded effective results.[22] According to evaluations from the tourism sector, over 70% of international visitors to Vietnam since 2006 express no intention to return.[23]
Due to these weaknesses compared to neighboring countries, the focus of Vietnam's tourism industry tends to be excessively on exploiting natural landscapes as its primary strength. However, the "commercialization" of these attractions (permitting companies to invest in exploitation and charge entrance fees) has resulted in most of these sites becoming ticketed tourist destinations with relatively high admission prices. Many of these companies neglect proper maintenance, leading to landscape degradation or destruction. Prominent examples include Thac Voi (Elephant Waterfall)[24] and Thac Lien Khuong (Lien Khuong Waterfall).[25]
Tourism authorities promised significant improvements in restroom facilities in 2010 and launched a campaign titled "Where There is Tourism, There are Standard Restrooms." However, these goals were not realized.
In 2012, negative reports and unfavorable experiences about tourism in Vietnam were widely covered in various media outlets. They highlighted concerning issues such as tourist scams, poor service quality, and the phenomenon of "tourists racing to report being ripped off."[26] Unfortunately, there have been no signs of improvement. Furthermore, environmental pollution has been on the rise. According to the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) annual report in 2012 by Yale and Columbia Universities in the United States, Vietnam ranked 123rd out of 132 surveyed countries in terms of air quality, making it the 10th most polluted country in the world in terms of air pollution.[27]
At the beginning of 2017, during a conference to review the work of 2016 and outline the tasks for 2017 for the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc directed efforts toward ensuring that tourists would return to Vietnam as soon as possible, rather than experiencing the trend of "one-time visitors." He expressed his concerns about negative articles he had read on his smartphone, which highlighted "seven fears when traveling in Vietnam," including overcharging, robbery, and poor sanitation.[28]
Externalities tourism in Vietnam
Travelling and tourism around the world have increased, mainly thanks to growling interest from China's middle hierarchy. Southeast Asia is an attractive tourist destination in recent years, which bolstered economic opportunities for countries located there. Vietnam benefited greatly from such a trend. The tourism demand right before the COVID pandemic was projected to grow yearly roughly by 4 per cent (2019–2029).[29] While the outlook will most likely not reach this target, we can expect a very volatile outcome that will most likely not be able to meet the estimated growth. Even then, in the year 2018, the Southeast Asia tourist destination had over 130 million international visitors.[30] (9.3 per cent of total global international visitor flows), and the region's share of the worldwide market is expected to expand further to 10.4 per cent by 2030 (or 187 million visitors).[31][32] At the same time, nobody can predict how the Chinese outbound travellers confidence in travelling will be affected. Before the pandemic, the Chinese outbound travellers had a growth of 21.7% annually between 2012 and 2017.[33]
Vietnam is a very popular tourist destination thanks to its diverse nature and culture. According to the World Economic forum's (WEF), Vietnam ranked 32nd globally in one of 120 countries with reference to its natural and folk sources and followed Indonesia and Thailand is among the Southeast Asia region in the latest 2017 Tourism Competitiveness Index. Vietnam can offer tourists a broad range of activities, starting from eight UNESCO World Heritage sites, various beautiful oceans and beaches. There are cities such as Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh and Da Nang that can offer fulfilling nightlife, shopping malls, and rich and diverse street food cuisine for urban lovers.
In addition, the Government of Vietnam is prioritizing tourism as a critical target to drive socio-economic development. The aim is to make Vietnam a top destination in Southeast Asia. To achieve the goal, the government is now preparing an innovative tourism strategy for the period 2018 to 2030 to spur the development of the tourism industry in the next decade. Many countries in Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, focus on tourism development on their economic development plan. Vietnam had acquired a surge in domestic and international tourism in over ten years, thanks to its strategy of focusing on market segments where it has a competitive advantage. Specifically, the number of multinational tourists to Vietnam had approximately quadrupled from 4.2 million in 2008 to 15.5 million in 2018.[34] International arrivals increase to 25% from an average of around 9% per year, so travel transport industries such as airline and road also significantly increased. With domestic tourists, strong growth is what the government captures the growing demand for tourism in the region. For foreign tourists, the growth is more prominent than other rival countries in Southeast Asia, with the exception of Myanmar. As a result, Vietnam has been and is a bright spot on the world's tourist map, which is comparable to famous tourist countries in Asia such as Thailand, China, and Japan.
Despite these benefits, the tourism industry in Vietnam still has critical weaknesses in its relatively competitive aspect. The government's allocation of spending to the tourism sector is relatively low at 1.4% of total government spending in 2017. Although the tourism industry is strategically important, the vision for change in the tourism industry has not changed significantly. Indiscriminate disposal of waste, protection of marine life, forest animals, and environmental pollution are the issues that seriously affect this smokeless industry. Another major hurdle associated with foreign tourists is the visa regime. The government is still not open to the problem of visas as only 24 countries in the world are exempt from permits, which reduces the attraction of people to Vietnam [35]
However, the COVID-19 pandemic strongly affected Vietnam's tourism as all international commercial flights were banned from landing at all international airports in Vietnam. International tourists, the primary source of revenue for the tourism industry, have declined dramatically in the past year. The number of flights in October 2020 decreased by 80% compared to the same period last year. Hotel room capacity is only 30%. The inability of foreign tourists to come to Vietnam has a massive impact on the revenue of the tourism industry and the economy, as this group spends much more heavily than domestic tourists. In 2019, the tourism industry accounts for 12% of the country's GDP,[36] international visitors only 17% but more than half: on average, each foreign tourist spends US$673, while domestic tourists only spend US$61. The tourism industry created 660 thousand jobs in the period 2014–2019.[37] and the drop in tourist spending also brought the food, beverage and retail industries into a dire situation.
The government giving to the good control of the COVID-19 epidemic with the policy of "0 cases in the community" and also the lowest COVID-19 mortality rate in the country.[38] Domestic stimulus programs not only target Vietnamese but also foreigners living permanently in the country. Vietnam has attracted responses from travel companies, tourism businesses and from localities across the country. Tourism products aimed at human health, sports tourism, medical treatment, ecology, yoga, and nature-friendly tourism are becoming more and more attractive, so domestic tourists are getting more and more attractive. Now there are many options and at ease to travel.
Vietnam Tourism Advertising
Until 2012, the Vietnamese Government invested 50 billion Vietnamese dong annually in tourism promotion.[39]
Nguyen Manh Cuong, Deputy Director General of the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, affirmed that Vietnam's tourism promotion is still limited due to a lack of financial resources.[40] Hoang Thi Diep, Deputy Director General of the Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, also stated that due to limited funding, the Administration only had two promotional video clips for both the Vietnamese and Chinese tourism markets.[41] Nguyen Van Tinh, Director of International Cooperation at the Ministry of Culture, Sports, and Tourism, believed that "Creating attractive travel clips costs $1 million."[39][42]
However, Vu Nam Duong, a director specializing in advertising clips, argued that the content of the clips is mostly dictated by the clients' requests. Many people criticize the quality of domestic advertisements not necessarily because the creators did a poor job but because the clients have that mindset.[40] Ian Lyne, Head of the Project Advisory Group on Tourism Capacity Development with Responsibility for the Environment and Society, believes that the production cost of a 2-minute promotional video can range from $20,000 to $2 million, depending on various factors. However, there are still excellent promotional videos with low production costs being produced in Europe.[40]
See also
References
- ^ Vietnam country profile. Library of Congress Federal Research Division (December 2005). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ TITC. "Vietnam National Administration of Tourism". Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ a b "International visitors to Vietnam in December and 12 months of 2011". Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "Statistics for 2010". General Statistics Office. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ "UNWTO World Tourism Barometer and Statistical Annex, December 2020 | World Tourism Organization". UNWTO World Tourism Barometer (English Version). 18 (7): 1–36. 18 December 2020. doi:10.18111/wtobarometereng.2020.18.1.7. S2CID 241989515.
- ^ Painter, Martin (August 2003). "Public administration reform in Vietnam: problems and prospects". Public Administration and Development. 23 (3): 259–271. doi:10.1002/pad.249. ISSN 0271-2075.
- ^ "Wirtschaftsentwicklung Vietnam 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
- ^ "Tourism Statistics". Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. Retrieved 26 January 2012.
- ^ a b c d e "Tourism Statistics". Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ "Tourism Statistics". Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "Tourism Statistics". Vietnam National Administration of Tourism. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ "International visitors to Viet Nam in December and 12 months of 2018". Vietnamtourism.gov.vn. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ Life (8 April 2014). "TripAdvisor's Most Popular Travel Destinations". Business Insider. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ "TripAdvisor's picks: World's top 25 destinations | CNN Travel". CNN. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ "TripAdvisor picks world's top 10 destinations". CNN. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ "Best Destinations in Asia – Travelers' Choice Awards – TripAdvisor". Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ TITC (26 December 2013). "International visitors to Viet Nam in December and 12 months of 2013 – Vietnam National Administration of Tourism". Tổng cục Du lịch Việt Nam. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
- ^ "Over 100 arrive in Vietnam on first commercial flight in six months - VnExpress International".
- ^ "Vietnam proposes tourism travel bubbles within ASEAN - VnExpress International".
- ^ "Vietnam War Sites of Interest". TripSavvy. Retrieved 3 January 2019.
- ^ Pike, Matthew (7 November 2017). "11 Common Tourist Scams to Avoid in Vietnam". Culture Trip. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
- ^ 'I Admire Tourism in Cambodia', VnExpress, January 17, 2013
- ^ 'Over 70% of International Visitors: One-Time Visitors', Dân Trí, August 13, 2007
- ^ 'Thac Voi Sold for 3 Billion VND', Người Lao động, May 14, 2008
- ^ 'Discussion about the Request to "Terminate" Two National Heritage Sites in Lam Dong', Sài Gòn giải phóng, February 28, 2008
- ^ 'Ripping off Tourists': No Return Trips, PLO, Vietnam News Agency, August 14, 2012
- ^ 'Vietnam's Air Pollution Ranks 10th in the World', VnExpress, February 2012
- ^ 'Vietnam's Rapid Development and Cancer: Is It Worth It?', tuoitre.vn, January 13, 2017
- ^ "WTTC. 2019. Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2019: World"
- ^ "UNWTO. 2019. World Tourism Barometer"
- ^ "vietnam tours". vietnamtour.asia. Retrieved 2 July 2023.
- ^ "UNWTO. 2011. Towards Tourism 2030"
- ^ UNWTO. 2018. "Outbound Tourism Statistics Database"
- ^ "GENERAL STATISTICS OFFICE". Vietnam General Statistics Office (GSO). Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "MyVietnamVisa". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Total revenue from tourists 2000 - 2018""Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Global economic trends & impacts in 2020""World Travel & Travel Council (WTTC)". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ "Our world data". Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ a b 'Creating attractive travel clips costs $1 million', VnExpress, 25/12/2012
- ^ a b c 'Vietnamese people fail to create successful travel clips', VnExpress. 29/12/2012
- ^ 'Vietnam tourism lacks funds for promotional video clips', VnExpress, 23/12/2012
- ^ 'Don't make tourism promotion clips like 'applying lipstick on a pig, VnExpress, 27/12/2012
External links
- Media related to Tourism in Vietnam at Wikimedia Commons