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Medical Isotopes Collected from ISOLDE

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CERN-MEDICIS robot isotope production for medical research

CERN-MEDical Isotopes Collected from ISOLDE (MEDICIS) is a facility located in the Isotope Separator Online DEvice (ISOLDE) facility at CERN, designed to produce high-purity isotopes for developing the practice of patient diagnosis and treatment. The facility was initiated in 2010, with its first radioisotopes (terbium-155) produced on 12 December 2017.[1]

The target used to produce radioactive nuclei at the ISOLDE facility only absorbs 10% of the proton beam.[2] CERN-MEDICIS positions a second target behind the first, which is irradiated by the leftover 90% of the proton beam. The target is then moved to an off-line mass separation system and isotopes are extracted from the target.[3] These isotopes are implanted in metallic foil and can be delivered to research facilities and hospitals.[4]

Facility and process

The MEDICIS facility is located in the extension of building 179 at the CERN Meyrin site, next to the ISOLDE building.[5] The facility was established by CERN in 2010, along with contributions from the CERN Knowledge Transfer Fund, as well as receiving a European Commission Marie-Skłodowska-Curie training grant under the title MEDICIS-PROMED.[6][7] The construction of the facility started in September 2013 and was completed in 2017.[8][3]

ISOLDE directs a 1.4 GeV proton beam from the Proton Synchrotron Booster (PSB) onto a thick target, the material dependent on the desired produced isotopes. Only 10% of the proton beam used in the ISOLDE facility is absorbed by the target, with the rest otherwise hitting the beam dump.[9] MEDICIS uses these wasted protons to irradiate a second target, which produced specific isotopes, placed behind one of ISOLDE's target stations, the High Resolution Separator (HRS).[3] Alternatively, the facility uses pre-irradiated targets that are provided by external institutions.[10] MEDICIS was one of the few facilities operating throughout the Long Shutdown 2, due to it being provided with 34 externally irradiated target materials.[3]

KUKA robot handling MEDICIS target

Due to the high levels of radiation, the targets are transferred from the irradiation station to the radioisotope mass-separation beamline using an automated rail conveyer system (RCS).[1][3] A KUKA robot is used to transport the target to the station, where the isotope of interest can be collected and radiochemically purified.[11] This is done by heating the target up to very high temperatures, often more than 2000 °C, which causes the specified isotopes to diffuse. The isotopes are then ionised and accelerated by an ion source to be sent through a mass separator. The mass separator extracts the isotope of interest so that it can be implanted onto thin gold foils with a one-sided zinc coating.[12][13] A shielded trolley is used to retrieve the samples after the radioisotopes have been collected, in order to avoid risk of contamination.[13]

Once collected, the samples can be sent to hospitals and research facilities with the purpose of developing patient imaging and treatment, and therapy protocols.[14]

Involvement with PRISMAP

The PRoduction of high purity Isotopes by mass Separation for Medical APplication (PRISMAP) is the European medical radionuclide programme, with the goal to provide a sustainable source of high-purity radioisotopes for medicine.[15][16] The programme brings together 23 beneficiaries from 13 countries, to create a single entry point for the medical isotope user community.[17] The MEDICIS facility provides mass separation of isotopes, which can then be transported to nearby research facilities hosting external researchers to limit long haul transport of the samples.[18]

References

  1. ^ a b "MEDICIS shows its strength". CERN Courier. 2020-12-18. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  2. ^ "CERN-MEDICIS produces first medical isotopes". Physics World. 2017-12-13. Retrieved 2023-07-10.
  3. ^ a b c d e Duchemin, Charlotte; Ramos, Joao P.; Stora, Thierry; Ahmed, Essraa; Aubert, Elodie; Audouin, Nadia; Barbero, Ermanno; Barozier, Vincent; Bernardes, Ana-Paula; Bertreix, Philippe; Boscher, Aurore; Bruchertseifer, Frank; Catherall, Richard; Chevallay, Eric; Christodoulou, Pinelopi (2021). "CERN-MEDICIS: A Review Since Commissioning in 2017". Frontiers in Medicine. 8. doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.693682.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  4. ^ Pixels 2, Rockin (2018-01-02). "The new CERN facility can contribute towards cancer research". Foro Nuclear. Retrieved 2023-07-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ "The building | CERN-MEDICIS". medicis.cern. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  6. ^ "CERN-MEDICIS: Novel Isotopes for Medical Research | Knowledge Transfer". kt.cern. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  7. ^ European Commision (2015-04-01). "MEDICIS-produced radioisotope beams for medicine". Horizon 2020. doi:10.3030/642889.
  8. ^ Lo, Chris (2017-10-20). "CERN-MEDICIS: backing nuclear medicine". Pharmaceutical Technology. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  9. ^ Brown, Alexander (1 September 2015). "Design of the CERN MEDICIS Collection and Sample Extraction System". University of Manchester.
  10. ^ Gadelshin, V. M.; Barozier, V.; Cocolios, T. E.; Fedosseev, V. N.; Formento-Cavaier, R.; Haddad, F.; Marsh, B.; Marzari, S.; Rothe, S.; Stora, T.; Studer, D.; Weber, F.; Wendt, K. (2020-01-15). "MELISSA: Laser ion source setup at CERN-MEDICIS facility. Blueprint". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 463: 460–463. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2019.04.024. ISSN 0168-583X.
  11. ^ MEDICIS. "Making new medical radionuclides available for cancer research" (PDF). Indico. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  12. ^ Duchemin, Charlotte; Barbero-Soto, Esther; Bernardes, Ana; Catherall, Richard; Chevallay, Eric; Cocolios, Thomas; Dorsival, Alexandre; Fedosseev, Valentin; Fernier, Pascal; Gilardoni, Simone; Grenard, Jean-Louis; Haddad, Ferid; Heinke, Reinhard; Khan, Muhammad Asif; Lambert, Laura (2020). "CERN-MEDICIS: A Unique Facility for the Production of Non-Conventional Radionuclides for the Medical Research". Proceedings of the 11th International Particle Accelerator Conference. IPAC2020. Seidel Mike (Ed.), Aßmann, Ralph W. (Ed.), Chautard Frédéric (Ed.), Schaa, Volker R.W. (Ed.): 5 pages, 0.595 MB. doi:10.18429/JACOW-IPAC2020-THVIR13. ISSN 2673-5490.
  13. ^ a b "The MEDICIS laboratory | CERN-MEDICIS". medicis.cern. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  14. ^ Schopper, Herwig; Lella, Luigi Di (2015-07-13). 60 Years Of Cern Experiments And Discoveries. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-4644-16-7.
  15. ^ MEDICIS. "PRISMAP The European medical isotope programme" (PDF). medicis.cern. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  16. ^ "Project description". PRISMAP. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  17. ^ "PRISMAP Call for Projects". EANM. 2021-12-17. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
  18. ^ "PRISMAP – The European medical radionuclides programme sets out to transform the European landscape for novel and emerging medical radionuclides - ILL Neutrons for Society". www.ill.eu. Retrieved 2023-07-12.
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