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Ebrahim Patel

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Jlalbion (talk | contribs) at 11:31, 15 July 2023 (More renovation, mostly rewriting the 2009–2019 section to read less like a resumé). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The Honourable
Ebrahim Patel
MP
Patel at the World Economic Forum in 2011
Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition
Incumbent
Assumed office
29 May 2019
PresidentCyril Ramaphosa
DeputyFikile Majola
Nomalungelo Gina
Preceded byRob Davies
Member of the National Assembly
Incumbent
Assumed office
6 March 2023
In office
21 May 2014 – 7 May 2019
Minister of Economic Development
In office
11 May 2009 – 29 May 2019
PresidentJacob Zuma
Cyril Ramaphosa
Preceded byMinistry established
Succeeded byMinistry abolished
Personal details
Born (1962-01-01) 1 January 1962 (age 63)
District Six, Cape Town
Cape Province, South Africa
Political party
Children3
Alma materUniversity of the Western Cape
University of Cape Town[1]
Occupation
  • Politician
  • Anti-apartheid activist
  • Labour movement leader
  • Shop steward
    (formerly)
ProfessionEconomist

Ebrahim Patel (born 1 January 1962) is a South African cabinet minister who holds the position of Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition. He previously served as Minister of Economic Development from 2009 to 2019.

Early life and education

Patel was born on 1 January 1962[2] in District Six in Cape Town.[3] He grew up in Lansdowne and Grassy Park, and his mother, a garment worker, was the sole breadwinner in the family.[3]

He completed high school in 1979.

He started his tertiary education at the University of the Western Cape in 1980, but due to delays from being politically active, he ended up completing his BA (Bachelor of Arts) degree through the University of Cape Town a few years later.[4]

Early political and labour activism

Patel became involved in worker and student struggles while at high school and led the student boycott of Fatti's and Monis products during a worker strike at the pasta factory in March 1979

During his first year at the University of the Western Cape in 1980, he was a leader in a nationwide student uprising that started in Cape Town. He was detained under Section 10 of the Internal Security Act and was kept for a number of months at Victor Verster prison in Paarl. He was released without being charged.

During this period, he was actively involved in anti-apartheid activities, from campaigns against the celebration of the old republic, to campaigns against the Coloured Representative Council and the tricameral parliament. He became involved in struggles over access to housing and electricity. He established community organisations in the Lotus River-Grassy Park-Parkwood area. He worked closely with activists from different areas including Trevor Manuel, who represented communities in Kensington-Factreton area, in the Cape Areas Housing Action Committee (CAHAC).

A year later, he was detained under Section 6 of the Terrorism Act and kept in detention initially at Caledon Square police station in Cape Town. After a number of months in detention, he was again released without being charged.

He was involved in building support for workers on strike at Leyland Motors, as well as at Wilson-Rowntree, an Eastern Cape confectionery factory.

In 1982 he was detained on a third occasion and taken to Protea Police Station in Soweto.

He left university to work full-time at SALDRU, the research division of the School of Economics at the University of Cape Town in the first half of 1982 and completed his degree part-time at UCT shortly thereafter.

He was part of the inaugural meetings of the Cape Democratic Front and later the United Democratic Front, where he served on the resolutions committee and represented the Lotus River/Grassy Park area.

While working at the University of Cape Town, he unionised fellow workers from 1983 and was elected a shop steward at the university and led the negotiations on wages and working conditions. Later he was elected General Secretary of the union and became involved with the union movement in Cape Town and took part in the debates and meetings that led to the formation of Cosatu in December 1985.

He also helped organise the nationwide anti-apartheid general strikes/stayaways that rocked the country during the 1980s and 1990s.[4]

Involvement with South African clothing and textile unions

Patel joined the textile union, the National Union of Textile Workers (NUTW) as a full-time organiser in 1986, having worked on a voluntary basis with the auto, food and textile unions during his period at the School of Economics.[5]

He has concluded hundreds of recognition, wage and other collective agreements over the period of more than two decades. His work in the clothing, textile and footwear industry resulted in the formation of a national bargaining council in the clothing sector and later in the textile sector. He worked to improve productivity and competitiveness at a number of enterprises while retaining and expanding the rights of workers. These included work with Levi's Strauss and the largest clothing company, the Seardel Group which employs 14 000 workers. He has served on the Board of Zenzeleni Clothing, a clothing company set up by the trade union in 1988 to help employ retrenched workers and which is still in operation, employing about 120 workers. He played a key role in 2008 in saving the Seardel Group from bankruptcy through raising a R250 million capital-injection and a change in the ownership and control of the company.

He worked with his predecessor, Johnny Copelyn, in setting up a union-investment company that has grown to be the largest union-controlled one in South Africa. It is now a multi-billion[clarification needed] company whose proceeds help to fund bursaries for children of union members and a range of social programmes. The union now issues bursaries to more than 700 students (the children of members of the union) a year and spends more than R3m in grants to students at tertiary institutions. During his period as head of the union, the organisation also set up the largest union-controlled HIV programme in the world, which provides education to members, training to workplace representatives, voluntary counselling and testing to about 10 000 workers a year and support for home-based carers.[4]

Labour activism from the 1990s onwards

Patel was a member of the first trade union delegation that met Nelson Mandela at his home in Soweto after his release from prison in 1990.

During his period in the labour movement, he led organised labour in key policy and legislative negotiations. He also led negotiations on matters like access for low-income citizens to banking, supply of water to rural areas, HIV codes at the workplace and national positions on trade policy.

He was the lead negotiator in 1993 in the National Economic Forum that put together an interim plan on jobs and combating customs fraud as well as promoting a new framework for small enterprise development.

He was appointed to lead the three labour federations (Cosatu, Nactu and Fedusa) as Overall Labour Convenor in Nedlac at its formation. In this position, he worked closely with Kgalema Motlanthe, then General Secretary of the NUM, as well as Mbhazima Shilowa, then General Secretary of Cosatu, as part of the labour team at Nedlac.

He led the negotiations for organised labour that resulted in the Labour Relations Act and the Basic Conditions of Employment Act.

He was also the lead negotiator for organised labour at the 1998 Presidential Jobs Summit convened by President Mandela and at the Growth and Development Summit convened by President Mbeki in 2004, both of which resulted in key policy documents being agreed.

He has served on the central executive committee of Cosatu for almost two decades and has represented Cosatu widely in negotiations and policy discussions.

During the late 1980s, he led the Cosatu campaign on a Workers' Charter that laid the basis for the workers' rights clauses in the South African Bill of Rights in our constitution. He was also part of the Cosatu team that negotiated the language of the labour rights clauses in the constitution with the ANC during the Constitutional Assembly discussions that led to the adoption of the country's new constitution.

He was part of the drafting team in 1993 that put together the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) that was the ANC's election manifesto during the historic 1994 elections that led to the establishment of democracy. In 2009 he was again part of the team that finalised the 2009 ANC Manifesto and contributed with his colleagues in the formulation (among others) of the decent work conception of the Manifesto.

His most recent tripartite negotiations were the conclusion of the Framework for South Africa's Response to the International Economic Crisis, adopted by Nedlac in February 2009.

He has travelled extensively to promote decent work across the world and has spoken at several major business and union conferences.[4]

Involvement at the ILO

He has served on the Governing Body of the UN tripartite body, the International Labour Organization (ILO), most recently as the vice-chairperson of the Workers Group. He was global spokesperson for organised labour on employment and social policy and used to be spokesperson on multinational enterprises.

He led the negotiations at the ILO on a number of key policy and legal instruments. For example, he led negotiations for - and co-drafted - the ILO's Global Employment Agenda, which contributed to international efforts to promote decent work, to tackle unemployment and the employment growth challenge.

He also co-drafted the groundbreaking Declaration on Social Justice for a Fair Globalisation, a key ILO document adopted unanimously by 180 governments and the global representatives of employers and workers. The document sets out the mandate of the ILO in the context of globalisation and identifies the components of decent work, a concept that now has universal resonance. It sets out a vision for a modern effective ILO and lists the key steps governments can take to promote decent work.

Furthermore, he made the proposal that led eventually to the Global Wage Report, a flagship publication of the ILO. He also led the labour team in the negotiation and drafting of two key ILO international labour standards: the Recommendation on the Employment Relationship and the Recommendation on Co-operatives. He was the chief spokesperson for labour in the ILO in the discussion that led to the Conclusions on the Scope of the Employment Relationship and the Conclusions on Human Resource Development.[4]

Other international labour advocacy activities

He was part of the South African delegation at several ministerial meetings of the World Trade Organization (WTO), including at Singapore, Seattle – which he attended together with Zwelinzima Vavi, head of Cosatu – and Geneva.

In 2009, he led the labour engagement with government leaders as part of the preparations for the G20 Summit, when a small global labour team met with Presidents Motlanthe (South Africa) and Lula (Brazil), Prime Ministers Gordon Brown (UK) and Kevin Rudd (Australia) and the heads of the International Monetary Fund (Dominique Strauss Kahn) and WTO (Pascal Lamy). Following its deliberations, the summit agreed to a combination of economic stimuli measures and greater regulation of financial markets.[4]

Other relevant positions

He was nominated by President Mandela to serve on the Financial and Fiscal Commission (FFC) during its first term. He has served on a number of other public bodies, including the Council for Higher Education (CHE), the Council of the University of Cape Town (UCT), the governing Board of the Commission for Conciliation Mediation and Arbitration (CCMA) and the board of Proudly SA. He was a labour representative on the Presidential Working Group and on the business-labour Millennium Labour Council (MLC). He has been an executive council member of Nedlac since its formation in 1995. He also served on a joint committee of the Judicial Services Commission and Nedlac to interview applicants for posts to the Labour Court and Labour Appeal Court.[4]

SACTWU: 1986–2009

The following year [1986], he joined the National Union of Textile Workers, a large Cosatu affiliate which ultimately became the Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers Union' (SACTWU).[3] He deputised Johnny Copelyn as the union's assistant secretary-general until 1993,[6] when he was elected to succeed Copelyn as secretary-general.[3]

Minister of Economic Development: 2009–2019

In the immediate aftermath of the 2009 general election, the Mail & Guardian reported that Cosatu had asked newly elected President Jacob Zuma to appoint Patel as a cabinet minister, in order to increase the union's representation in government.[7] When Zuma announced his cabinet the following week, on 10 May, Patel was appointed to a newly created portfolio as Minister of Economic Development. He was viewed as part of group of leftist ministers added to the cabinet by Zuma.[8][9] In order to take up the ministerial position, he vacated his SACTWU office and was succeeded by his former deputy, André Kriel.[10]

Patel was Minister of Economic Development throughout Zuma's two terms as president, and he was retained in the cabinet of President Cyril Ramaphosa, who replaced Zuma in February 2018.[11] In addition, in the 2014 general election, he joined the National Assembly as a representative of the African National Congress (ANC).[12]

His responsibilities include competition and trade policy, industrial funding (of the Industrial Development Corporation (IDC), Africa's largest development finance institution) and infrastructure monitoring and coordination.

Agencies reporting to his Department are: the Competition Commission of South Africa, the Competition Tribunal, the International Trade Administration Commission (ITAC) and IDC. During his time as Minister of Economic Development, he headed the Secretariat of the Presidential Infrastructure Coordinating Commission.[13]

As Minister of Economic Development, he led the transformation of competition policy in South Africa, with a greater focus by the competition authorities on action against cartels and abuse of dominance. These included action against cartels in the food, construction and auto-component sectors. He introduced a new focus on public interest conditions in mergers and acquisitions, with significant commitments made by companies like Walmart, Coca-Cola, AB InBev and Glencore to retain employment in South Africa, support local industries and small business development, increase investment in production facilities and include South Africans in the equity holdings of their companies.

Walmart was required by the Competition Appeal Court to establish a R200m Fund to support local small businesses;[14] Coca-Cola agreed with the Department to establish an R800 million Fund for local entrepreneurship;[15] and AB InBev agreed to a R1 billion fund to promote small-scale farmers.[16] Glencore set up a R220 million fund for small business as part of a settlement with the Department.[17]

The Department secured commitments from insurance giant Old Mutual, as part of its return to South Africa, that it would invest R500 million in a fund to support small business.[18]

As part of his oversight of international trade, he focused efforts on driving greater international competitiveness of vulnerable companies through reciprocal commitments by companies who receive trade protection that they will increase investment and innovation. He introduced a trade directive on scrap metal exporters to offer scrap metal to local foundries and steel mini-mills at concessional pricing as part of an effort to support industrialization, lower carbon emission targets in the economy and infrastructure development. His decision was taken on judicial review by two sets of litigants and his Ministry's decision was upheld by the Gauteng North High Court,[19] Western Cape High Court and Supreme Court of Appeal. An attempt by one of the exporters to have the decision reviewed by the Constitutional Court was dismissed.[20] He subsequently extended the policy for a further period.

During the past 10 years, he directed the IDC, to increase the levels of support for industrialization, including opportunities for youth entrepreneurs, entry of women into the economy, green energy, technology innovations and black industrialists.[13] The IDC increased the size of the loan book from R8.8 billion in March 2008[21] to R30.7 billion in March 2018,[22] helping to grow South African industrial output in sectors such as mining, metals, textiles, food and beverages, chemicals, auto-production and steel making, as well as the beneficiation of local raw materials and the level of renewable energy used in the national grid.

As part of efforts to strengthen governance and avoid the impact of improper corporate influence or state capture over public entities, he directed the IDC to review its dealings with Oakbay Resources, a company the IDC had funded and which was majority-owned by the Gupta family, which led to litigation by the IDC against the company. In March 2016, he requested the IDC to review its dealings with Oakbay. In October 2016, he requested the IDC Board to review its policy on public disclosure of clients and asked that the information on all clients supported by the IDC, including politically exposed persons, be made publicly available, a decision that was implemented during the first half of 2017. In July 2017 he directed the IDC to replace its auditors KPMG, a company that had become embroiled in the state capture saga. In 2017 he requested the IDC to appoint respected Advocate Geoff Budlender to review the IDC relationship with Oakbay.[23] The IDC became the first public entity thereafter to litigate against a company owned by the Gupta family, a group of brothers who became synonymous with state capture and corruption in South Africa.[24]  

During the period when there were battles in the ruling party over issues of state capture, he was seen to be associated with then-Deputy President Cyril Ramaphosa, and with trade union federation COSATU and a group of progressive academics and business persons. In 2016, he called on workers at the National Congress of the Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union (SACTWU) to fight corruption and state capture,[25] the first such call made by a Cabinet Minister at a trade union Conference. In September 2017, he publicly released the results of a modeling study on the cost of corruption and state capture in the infrastructure space, stating it could cost the economy R27 billion annually and result in at least 76 000 jobs foregone in the economy.[26]  This was the first official estimate that was made during the period when Jacob Zuma was still President of South Africa.

He chaired the Inter-Ministerial Committee set up by President Cyril Ramaphosa for the Investment Conference held in October 2018. The Conference was the turning point of a new social compact between government and investors, leading to pledges of R300 billion by a group of South African and international investors.[27] Subsequently, South African Reserve Bank data showed that foreign direct investment during 2018 grew substantially, with R71 billion net FDI flows into South Africa, the highest in five years.[28]

He led discussions with organized business and the trade union movement that led to a number of social Accords on: Skills Development (2011), Youth Employment (2013), the Green Economy (2011) and on Local Procurement (2011).

The Department of Trade, Industry and Competition coordinated the work on a new economic strategy for South Africa, the ‘New Growth Path’, adopted by Cabinet in October 2010, which identified the centrality of employment as a development strategy, and set out a number of ‘jobs drivers’ in the economy.[29] Since the adoption of the New Growth Path to December 2018, 2,9 million net new jobs have been created in South Africa, bringing total employment in the economy to 16,5 million.[30]

Among other areas of work, the Department helped to secure a decision by two large auto-makers to bring the assembly of minibus taxis to South Africa, resulting in more than 83 000 taxis produced locally by the end of March 2019.[13] Minister Patel has advocated policy measures to promote deeper localisation which has impacted positively in a number of sectors, including food processing and clothing, footwear and home textile production.

In Parliament, he secured the approval of two major laws.

The Competition Amendment Act, 2018 broke new ground on competition policy, with a focus on addressing economic concentration and abuse of dominance, including stronger statutory provisions on price discrimination, predatory pricing, excessive prices and abuse of buyer power (monopsony).[31]

The Infrastructure Development Act, 2014 provided a statutory framework for the integration of economic and social infrastructure in the country.[32]

He has represented South Africa in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) Summits and at the World Economic Forum in Davos.[33]

Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition: 2019–present

When President Ramaphosa announced his second cabinet on 29 May 2019, Patel was appointed as Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition, with Fikile Majola and Nomalungelo Gina as his deputies.[34] His new ministry amalgamated the Ministry of Trade and Industry, formerly under Rob Davies, with Patel's former Economic Development portfolio. Patel was initially appointed to the cabinet from outside Parliament, because, ranked 137th on the party list, he lost his parliamentary seat in the May 2019 general election.[12] However, toward the end of the legislative term, on 6 March 2023, he was sworn in to the National Assembly, filling a casual vacancy.[35][36]

Industrial and trade policy

At the outset of Ramaphosa's new administration in 2019, he and Patel emphasised their focus on driving economic growth through a new industrial strategy, which Patel said would rely on private–public partnership and stimulating private investment.[37] Patel has said that he supports state intervention in the economy when it creates a better "social outcome", and that in general he favours Mariana Mazzucato's notion of an entrepreneurial state.[6]

A cornerstone of the ministry's policy has been so-called sectoral "master plans", detailing complex industrial and trade strategies for seven key South African industries, with a focus on promoting industrialisation and, by improving local competitiveness, localisation.[38][39] Industries covered by master plans include poultry (signed in November 2019);[40] textiles and clothing (November 2019);[41] sugar (November 2020);[42] and steel and metal fabrication (June 2021).[43] The process for developing the master plans has been criticised as opaque and biased towards the interests of large companies.[39] In addition, in a lengthy analysis published in January 2023, the Mail & Guardian concluded that Patel's ministry had struggled to ensure organisational stability in its 17 agencies after the 2019 ministerial merger, detracting from Patel's attention to industrial policy.[44]

Patel is known as a supporter of worker representation in shareholding and management. In May 2021, he announced a plan to amend the Companies Act to require companies to disclose executive salaries and pay differentials.[45] He also intervened in PepsiCo's acquisition of Pioneer Foods to ensure that PepsiCo agreed to certain public interest conditions for the deal, including shareholding for a locally held workers' trust and various other local empowerment initiatives.[46] In the realm of international trade, Patel has been an outspoken supporter of South African participation in the American African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) programme, saying in May 2023 that, amid deteriorating relations with the United States, South Africa "should do everything possible" to retain its AGOA benefits.[47]

Covid-19 pandemic

See also: COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa

During the Covid-19 pandemic, some of the lockdown regulations published by Patel's ministry were derided as illogical and absurdly statist. They included rules prohibiting e-commerce, prohibiting the sale of cooked food at grocery stores, and restricting clothing retailers to sales of a state-approved list of products.[6][48] Patel became, in the summation of the Financial Mail, the "bogeyman of the anti-lockdown brigade... held up as the poster-child of the 'irrational' Covid-19 rules".[6] However, at the end of 2020, News24 complimented the work of the Competition Commission, one of the agencies overseen by Patel, for its activist response to price gouging in sales of Covid-19 personal protective equipment; among other things, the commission fined Dis-Chem R1.2 million for overpricing surgical masks.[38]

During the pandemic, Patel contracted Covid-19 twice, testing positive on 25 July 2020[49] and (two weeks after President Ramaphosa's own diagnosis) on 28 December 2021.[50]

Books

He has edited two books: one on the National Economic Forum and the other on workers' rights in the new South Africa.[4]

Awards

He was awarded a special medal by UCT in 2008 at the June graduation ceremony, in recognition of his public service.

He received the Global Leaders of Tomorrow award from the Davos-based Global Economic Forum in 1994. [4]

He was named as one of the 500 most influential Muslims in the world today in a major public report compiled by Georgetown University and the Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre, Jordan.

Personal life

Patel is married and has three children.[3] He is Muslim.[51]

References

  1. ^ "Ebrahim Patel". People's Assembly.
  2. ^ "Ebrahim Patel, Mr". South African Government. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  3. ^ a b c d e Vahed, Goolam H. (2012). "Ebrahim Patel (1962–)". Muslim Portraits: The Anti-apartheid Struggle. Durban, South Africa. pp. 308–309. ISBN 1-874945-25-X. OCLC 858966865.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers' Union (12 May 2009). "Ebrahim Patel: The SACTWU biography". Politicsweb. Retrieved 18 January 2011.
  5. ^ "Footer". Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d "Ebrahim Patel: The man behind the mask". Financial Mail. 25 June 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  7. ^ "Cosatu clamours for jobs". The Mail & Guardian. 2 May 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  8. ^ "New Cabinet seen as coup for the left". The Mail & Guardian. 10 May 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  9. ^ Bearak, Barry (11 May 2009). "New South African Leader Emphasizes Continuity in Cabinet Lineup". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  10. ^ "SACTWU welcomes Patel's appointment". Bizcommunity. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  11. ^ "The who's who of Cyril Ramaphosa's new Cabinet". Business Day. 27 February 2018. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  12. ^ a b "Ebrahim Patel". People's Assembly. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  13. ^ a b c "404". economic.gov.za. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  14. ^ "Competition Commission update on Walmart/Massmart Merger; Medical and Construction sector investigations | PMG". pmg.org.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  15. ^ "Economic Development on agreement on public interest conditions for merger | South African Government". gov.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  16. ^ "SABMiller / AB-Inbev media release" (PDF).
  17. ^ "TRIBUNAL: Tribunal approves Glencore and Chevron merger, with conditions". Polity.org.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  18. ^ "Old Mutual receives SA Competition Commission recommendation". oldmutual.co.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  19. ^ "Minister Patel welcomes High Court decision on scrap metal export system for South Africa | South African Government". gov.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  20. ^ "Minister welcomes scrap metal court ruling". SAnews. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  21. ^ "2010 Annual Report". IDC. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  22. ^ "Annual Financial Statements 2018" (PDF).
  23. ^ "MINISTER'S FOREWORD". idc.co.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  24. ^ "Patel orders Oakbay to pay back R293m". Fin24. 23 November 2017. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  25. ^ "Speech delivered by Minister of Economic Development".
  26. ^ News24Wire. "Corruption costs SA GDP at least R27 billion annually, and 76 000 jobs". businesstech.co.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  27. ^ "President Cyril Ramaphosa: 2019 State of the Nation Address | South African Government". gov.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  28. ^ Reuters. "South Africa's FDI inflows reach five-year high in 2018". Engineering News. Retrieved 21 May 2019. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  29. ^ "The New Growth Path | South African Government". gov.za. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  30. ^ "Quarterly Labour Force Survey Q4 2018" (PDF).
  31. ^ "Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr - Competition Amendment Bill signed into law". cliffedekkerhofmeyr.com. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  32. ^ "Cliffe Dekker Hofmeyr - Infrastructure development act signed into law". cliffedekkerhofmeyr.com. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  33. ^ roxannef (16 January 2019). "TEAM SA TO PRESENT IMPROVED INVESTMENT PROPOSITION AT 2019 WEF". Brand South Africa. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  34. ^ Nicolson, Greg (29 May 2019). "Ramaphosa cuts Cabinet from 36 to 28 ministers, half of whom are women". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  35. ^ "Patel to be sworn in as MP just hours before cabinet reshuffle". The Mail & Guardian. 6 March 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  36. ^ "Trade and Industry Minister Ebrahim Patel sworn in as MP before Cabinet revamp". Daily Maverick. 6 March 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  37. ^ "Just implementing existing plans will mark a 'revolution' in the state — Patel". The Mail & Guardian. 22 June 2019. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  38. ^ a b Omarjee, Lameez (11 December 2020). "Cabinet ratings: Minister of Trade, Industry and Competition Ebrahim Patel". News24. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  39. ^ a b Snyckers, Telita (16 August 2021). "Patel's opaque 'master plans' suit SA's oligarchs – and few others". Business Day. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  40. ^ Matavire, Max (19 November 2019). "Government outlines plan to save SA's poultry industry as imports cause jobs bloodbath". City Press. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  41. ^ de Lange, Riana (17 November 2019). "SA's biggest retailers commit to local textiles". Citypress. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  42. ^ "Ministers Ebrahim Patel and Thoko Didiza sign Sugar Industry Master Plan". South African Government. 17 November 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  43. ^ Opperman, Ina (14 June 2021). "Steel CEOs applaud new steel master plan". The Citizen. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  44. ^ "What is hamstringing SA's industrial growth?". The Mail & Guardian. 9 January 2023. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  45. ^ "Patel bill seeks pay gap transparency". Business Day. 19 May 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  46. ^ "PepsiCo purchase of Pioneer is finalised". Business Day. 6 March 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  47. ^ Paton, Carol (24 May 2023). "Patel: SA must do all it can to remain in AGOA". News24. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  48. ^ "Trade minister Ebrahim Patel under fire for cooked-food ban during lockdown". Sunday Times. 20 April 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  49. ^ Ismail, Adiel (25 July 2020). "Minister Patel tests positive for Covid-19". News24. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  50. ^ "Covid-19: Minister Ebrahim Patel tests positive for Covid-19". News24. 29 December 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2021.
  51. ^ Davis, Rebecca (30 May 2018). "Cyril reaches out: Ramaphosa accelerates Western Cape charm offensive as he targets Muslim vote". Daily Maverick. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
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