User:Keochui ucsf/Anal plug
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Not to be confused with butt plug or rectal dilator or anal fistula plug.
An anal plug (or anal tampon) is an anal insert medical device that can help treat fecal incontinence by physically blocking involuntary loss of fecal material in the rectum.[1][2][3] They vary in design and composition, but are typically single-use intra-anal disposable devices made out of soft materials for containing fecal material[2] Anal plugs may be beneficial to certain risk groups including, but not limited to, frail older people, women following childbirth, people with neurological or spinal disease, severe cognitive impairment, urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and so on.
History
how anal plugs were made, (old) designs
Management and Usage
Although more commonly used in people with neurological disorders (i.e. meningomyelocele), they can be used for anal incontinence of any cause.
^ how many inserts on average are used per day (ref 5 says 2.6)
Products and Availability
Some examples of commercially available anal plugs are: Peristeen produced by Coloplast and a polyvinyl-alcohol plug called A-Tam Analtampons produced by Med SSE-System in Germany. The Peristeen (formerly Conveen) plug is a disposable foam insert that expands when exposed to the warm and moisture of the anal canal. It has a conical tip and a removal cord.[4] The A-Tam Analtampons are similarly made of foam and come in various shapes such as cylindrical, spiral, and ball-headed.
Types: vaginal inserts for fecal incontinence[5]
Tolerability and Risks
A 2015 systematic review found that anal plugs may be helpful in treating fecal incontinence, provided that they are tolerated and that people comply with them.[1] [2] A 2001 study found that a majority of people could not tolerate that majority of patients cannot tolerate an anal plug due to discomfort. Only 20% wished to continue the plug on a regular basis, however it was successful at controlling fecal incontinence.[6] Anal plugs are considered an invasive strategy, which can result in pain, soreness, irritation, fecal urgency, and societal embarrassment.[7] Bleeding hemorrhoids were a rare adverse event.[5] There is not a lot of evidence reported on the efficacy on the different types of anal plugs.[7] Some other challenges of the plug include occasional slippage with decreases the efficacy and increases discomfort, but people report more usage for occasions where anal leakage would be publicly troublesome.[7][5] Anal plugs of smaller volume may resolve some people's discomfort.[5][3]
Due to the complexity of fecal incontinence, the use of anal plugs are not well defined in guidelines and treatment pathways, which decrease the comfortability of medical professional on prescribing and usage of anal plugs.[7]
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References
- ^ a b Deutekom, Marije; Dobben, Annette C. (2015-07-20). "Plugs for containing faecal incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (7): CD005086. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005086.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 9058784. PMID 26193665.
- ^ a b c "Conservative treatment for anal incontinence". Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ a b Maeda, Kotaro; Mimura, Toshiki; Yoshioka, Kazuhiko; Seki, Mihoko; Katsuno, Hidetoshi; Takao, Yoshihiko; Tsunoda, Akira; Yamana, Tetsuo; Fecal Incontinence Guideline Preparation Committee (2021-01-28). "Japanese Practice Guidelines for Fecal Incontinence Part 2-Examination and Conservative Treatment for Fecal Incontinence- English Version". Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon. 5 (1): 67–83. doi:10.23922/jarc.2020-079. ISSN 2432-3853. PMC 7843146. PMID 33537502 – via National Library of Medicine.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Doherty, W. (2004). "Managing faecal incontinence or leakage: the Peristeen Anal Plug". British Journal of Nursing. 13 (21): 1293–1297. doi:10.12968/bjon.2004.13.21.17116. PMID 15580080. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d Buono, Kristen; Davé-Heliker, Bhumy (2019-01-02). "Mechanical inserts for the treatment of faecal incontinence: A systematic review". Arab Journal of Urology. 17 (1): 69–76. doi:10.1080/2090598X.2019.1589776. ISSN 2090-598X. PMC 6583709. PMID 31258946.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ "A-Tam® Analtampons". Retrieved 24 February 2022.
- ^ a b c d How, P.; Trivedi, P. M.; Bearn, P. E.; Thomas, G. P. (2021-03-01). "Insert devices for faecal incontinence". Techniques in Coloproctology. 25 (3): 255–265. doi:10.1007/s10151-020-02317-3. ISSN 1128-045X.