Northeast Africa

Northeast Africa, or Northeastern Africa or Northern East Africa as it was known in the past, is a geographic regional term used to refer to the countries of Africa situated in and around the Red Sea. The region is intermediate between North Africa and East Africa, and encompasses the Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Somalia) as well as Egypt, and Sudan.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] The region has a very long history of habitation with fossil finds from the early hominids to modern human and is one of the most genetically and linguistically diverse regions of the world, being the home to many civilizations and located on an important trade route that connects multiple continents.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

References

^ Swain, Ashok (December 1997). "Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt: The Nile River Dispute". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 35 (4): 675–694. doi:10.1017/S0022278X97002577. ISSN 1469-7777.
^ Sadr, Karim (30 January 2017). The Development of Nomadism in Ancient Northeast Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-1-5128-1854-3.
^ Schandelmeier, Heinz; Thorweihe, Ulf (14 December 2017). Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-44524-5.
^ "Northeast Africa is neither geographically or climatically uniform. Internally it varies widely in altitude, rainfall patterns, river systems, soil types and vegetation cover. In most historical studies the region is also further divided according to strict cultural and political boundaries. It is unusual, for instance, to compare the Sudan with the countries of East Africa, or Ethiopia with anything but itself. Yet the study of the history of ecological relationships makes possible, at the same time that it requires, a recognition of a broader outline to the region which not only acknowledges, but knits together its diverse range of societies".Johnson, Douglas H.; Anderson, David M. (26 June 2019). The Ecology Of Survival: Case Studies From Northeast African History. Routledge. pp. 1–15. ISBN 978-1-000-31615-5.
^ Reid, Richard J. (24 March 2011). Frontiers of Violence in North-East Africa: Genealogies of Conflict Since C.1800. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-0-19-921188-3.
^ Kendie, Daniel (1988). "Northeast Africa and the World Economic Order". Northeast African Studies. 10 (1): 69–82. ISSN 0740-9133.
^ Mitchell, Peter; Lane, Paul (2013-07-04). The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-162615-9.
^ Klees, Frank; Kuper, Rudolph (1992-01-01). New light on the Northeast African past : current prehistoric research: Contributions to a symposium, Cologne 1990. Heinrich-Barth-Institut.
^ Hepburn, H. Randall; Radloff, Sarah E. (2013-03-14). Honeybees of Africa. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-662-03604-4.
^ Daniel, Kendie (1988). NORTHEAST AFRICA AND THE WORLD ECONOMIC ORDER. Michigan, US. pp. 69–82.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Project MUSE. (2020). Northeast African Studies. Retrieved March 22, 2020. "This distinguished journal is devoted to the scholarly analysis of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Sudan, as well as the Nile Valley, the Red Sea, and the lands adjacent to both."

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[1] Swain, Ashok (December 1997). "Ethiopia, the Sudan, and Egypt: The Nile River Dispute". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 35 (4): 675–694. doi:10.1017/S0022278X97002577. ISSN 1469-7777.

[2] Sadr, Karim (30 January 2017). The Development of Nomadism in Ancient Northeast Africa. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-1-5128-1854-3.

[3] Schandelmeier, Heinz; Thorweihe, Ulf (14 December 2017). Geoscientific Research in Northeast Africa. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-44524-5.

[4] "Northeast Africa is neither geographically or climatically uniform. Internally it varies widely in altitude, rainfall patterns, river systems, soil types and vegetation cover. In most historical studies the region is also further divided according to strict cultural and political boundaries. It is unusual, for instance, to compare the Sudan with the countries of East Africa, or Ethiopia with anything but itself. Yet the study of the history of ecological relationships makes possible, at the same time that it requires, a recognition of a broader outline to the region which not only acknowledges, but knits together its diverse range of societies".Johnson, Douglas H.; Anderson, David M. (26 June 2019). The Ecology Of Survival: Case Studies From Northeast African History. Routledge. pp. 1–15. ISBN 978-1-000-31615-5.

[5] Reid, Richard J. (24 March 2011). Frontiers of Violence in North-East Africa: Genealogies of Conflict Since C.1800. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–25. ISBN 978-0-19-921188-3.

[6] Kendie, Daniel (1988). "Northeast Africa and the World Economic Order". Northeast African Studies. 10 (1): 69–82. ISSN 0740-9133.

[7] Mitchell, Peter; Lane, Paul (2013-07-04). The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-162615-9.

[8] Klees, Frank; Kuper, Rudolph (1992-01-01). New light on the Northeast African past : current prehistoric research: Contributions to a symposium, Cologne 1990. Heinrich-Barth-Institut.

[9] Hepburn, H. Randall; Radloff, Sarah E. (2013-03-14). Honeybees of Africa. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-662-03604-4.

[10] Daniel, Kendie (1988). NORTHEAST AFRICA AND THE WORLD ECONOMIC ORDER. Michigan, US. pp. 69–82.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[11] Project MUSE. (2020). Northeast African Studies. Retrieved March 22, 2020. "This distinguished journal is devoted to the scholarly analysis of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Sudan, as well as the Nile Valley, the Red Sea, and the lands adjacent to both."

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See also

References