2015 in reptile paleontology

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This list of fossil reptiles described in 2015 is a list of new taxa of fossil reptiles that were described during the year 2015, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to reptile paleontology that occurred in 2015.

Ichthyosauromorphs

Research

A study of phylogenetic relationships of ichthyopterygians is published by Ji et al. (2015); the authors introduced a new name, Grippioidea, for the clade containing the last common ancestor of Utatsusaurus hataii and Grippia longirostris, and all its descendants.^[1]
An exceptionally large ichthyosaur radius, possibly belonging to a member of Shastasauridae (which, if confirmed, would indicate that members of the family survived until Early Jurassic) is described from the Hettangian Blue Lias Formation (south Wales, United Kingdom) by Martin et al. (2015).^[2]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Cartorhynchus^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Motani et al.	Early Triassic (Olenekian)	Nanlinghu Formation	China	A relative of ichthyopterygians. The type species is Cartorhynchus lenticarpus.
Dearcmhara^[4]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Brusatte et al.	Jurassic (Toarcian–Bajocian)		United Kingdom	A basal member of Neoichthyosauria. The type species is Dearcmhara shawcrossi.
Eretmorhipis^[5]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chen et al.	Early Triassic (late Spathian)	Jialingjiang Formation	China	A hupehsuchian. The type species is Eretmorhipis carrolldongi.
Ichthyosaurus anningae^[6]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lomax & Massare	Early Jurassic (Hettangian/Sinemurian–Pliensbachian)		United Kingdom	A species of Ichthyosaurus.
Muiscasaurus^[7]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[8]	Maxwell et al.	Early Cretaceous (Barremian–Aptian)	Paja Formation	Colombia	A member of Ophthalmosauridae. The type species is Muiscasaurus catheti.

Sauropterygians

Research

A study on the growth patterns and strategies of placodonts is published by Klein et al. (2015).^[9]
A study on the sexual selection and dimorphism in Keichousaurus hui is published by Motani et al. (2015).^[10]
A study on the teeth replacement patterns during the ontogeny in pliosaurids is published by Sassoon, Foffa & Marek (2015).^[11]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Anguanax^[12]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[13]	Cau & Fanti	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)	Rosso Ammonitico Veronese Formation	Italy	A pliosaurid. The type species is Anguanax zignoi.
Atychodracon^[14]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Smith	Early Jurassic		United Kingdom	A rhomaleosaurid plesiosaur; a new genus for "Plesiosaurus" megacephalus Stutchbury (1846).
Cardiocorax^[15]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Araújo et al.	Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)	Mocuio Formation	Angola	An elasmosaurid plesiosaur. The type species is Cardiocorax mukulu.
Dianmeisaurus^[16]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Shang & Li	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Guangling Formation	China	A member of Eosauropterygia of uncertain phylogenetic placement, more closely related to nothosaurs than to plesiosaurs. The type species is Dianmeisaurus gracilis.
Makhaira^[17]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fischer et al.	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)		Russia	A pliosaurid. The type species is Makhaira rossica.
Vegasaurus^[18]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	O’Gorman et al.	Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)	Snow Hill Island Formation	Antarctica (Vega Island)	An elasmosaurid plesiosaur. The type species is Vegasaurus molyi.
Wangosaurus^[19]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ma et al.	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Falang Formation	China	A pistosauroid. The type species is Wangosaurus brevirostris.

Lepidosaurs

Research

A phylogenetic analysis of living and fossil squamate relationships, based on morphological and molecular data, is published by Reeder et al. (2015).^[20]
Miocene anoles from the Dominican amber, showing the habitat specializations also present in the extant Caribbean anoles, are described by Sherratt et al. (2015).^[21]

New taxa

Rhynchocephalians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Clevosaurus sectumsemper^[22]	Sp. nov	Valid	Klein et al.	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)		United Kingdom	A clevosaurid sphenodontian, a species of Clevosaurus.

Lizards

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Archaerhineura^[23]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Longrich et al.	Late Palaeocene	Polecat Bench Formation	United States	A rhineurid amphisbaenian. The type species is Archaerhineura mephitis.
Asagaolacerta^[24]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Evans & Matsumoto	Early Cretaceous	Kuwajima Formation	Japan	A lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Asagaolacerta tricuspidens.
Asprosaurus^[25]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Park, Evans & Huh	Late Cretaceous		South Korea	A member of Anguimorpha, probably a member of Monstersauria. The type species is Asprosaurus bibongriensis.
Babibasiliscus^[26]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Conrad	Eocene (approximately 48 Ma)	Bridger Formation	United States	A member of Corytophanidae. The type species is Babibasiliscus alxi.
Barbatteius^[27]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid^[28]	Venczel & Codrea	Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)	Haţeg Basin	Romania	Originally assigned to the family Teiidae, but subsequently transferred to the separate family Barbatteiidae within the group Teiioidea.^[29] The type species is Barbatteius vremiri.
Cadurcogekko verus^[30]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bolet et al.	Eocene		France	A gekkotan lizard, a species of Cadurcogekko.
Chromatogenys^[31]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Makádi & Nydam	Late Cretaceous (Santonian)		Hungary	A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Chromatogenys tiliquoides.
Chthonophis^[23]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Longrich et al.	Probably early Palaeocene	Bug Creek Anthills, Fort Union Formation	United States	An amphisbaenian, the only member of the new family Chthonophidae. The type species is Chthonophis subterraneus.
Cuvieribaena^[32]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Čerňanský, Augéc & Rage	Eocene (Bartonian)		France	A blanid amphisbaenian. The type species is Cuvieribaena carlgansi.
Dryadissector^[33]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wick, Lehman & Brink	Late Cretaceous (early Campanian)	Aguja Formation	United States	A member of Varanoidea. The type species is Dryadissector shilleri.
Gekkomimus^[30]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Bolet et al.	Eocene		France	A skink; a new genus for "Cadurcogekko" rugosus Augé (2005).
Gueragama^[34]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Simões et al.	Late Cretaceous (Turonian-Campanian)	Goio-Erê Formation	Brazil	The first member of Acrodonta (a relative of agamids and chameleons) described from South America. The type species is Gueragama sulamericana.
Hakuseps^[24]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Evans & Matsumoto	Early Cretaceous		Japan	A squamate of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hakuseps imberis.
Kuroyuriella^[24]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Evans & Matsumoto	Early Cretaceous	Kuwajima Formation	Japan	A lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Kuroyuriella mikikoi.
Norellius^[35]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Conrad & Daza	Early Cretaceous (probably approximately 130 Mya)	Öösh Basin	Mongolia	A member of Gekkonomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Norellius nyctisaurops.
Ophisaurus holeci^[36]	Sp. nov	Valid	Klembara	Miocene		Czech Republic Germany^[37]^[38]	A glass lizard.
Pachygenys adachii^[39]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ikeda, Ota & Saegusa	Early Cretaceous	Sasayama Group	Japan	A squamate of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Pachygenys.
Phosphorosaurus ponpetelegans^[40]	Sp. nov	Valid^[41]	Konishi et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		Japan	A halisaurine mosasaur, a species of Phosphorosaurus.
Plioplatecarpus peckensis^[42]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cuthbertson & Holmes	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Bearpaw Formation	United States	A mosasaur, a species of Plioplatecarpus.
Pseudopus rugosus^[36]	Sp. nov	Valid	Klembara	Early Miocene		Czech Republic	A relative of the sheltopusik.
Tetrapodophis^[43]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martill, Tischlinger & Longrich	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Crato Formation	Brazil	A squamate reptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement; originally classified as an early, four-legged snake,^[43] but subsequently argued to be a dolichosaurid.^[44]^[45] The type species is Tetrapodophis amplectus.

Snakes

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Diablophis^[46]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Caldwell et al.	Late Jurassic	Morrison Formation	United States	A basal snake; a new genus for "Parviraptor" gilmorei Evans (1996).
Eophis^[46]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Caldwell et al.	Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)	Forest Marble	United Kingdom	A basal snake. The type species is Eophis underwoodi.
Portugalophis^[46]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Caldwell et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Camadas de Guimarota	Portugal	A basal snake. The type species is Portugalophis lignites.
Renenutet^[47]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mccartney & Seiffert	Eocene (Priabonian)		Egypt	A member of Colubroidea. The type species is Renenutet enmerwer.

Turtles

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Adocus sengokuensis^[48]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sonoda et al.	Early Cretaceous	Sengoku Formation	Japan	A species of Adocus.
Arvinachelys^[49]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lively	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Kaiparowits Formation	United States	A member of Baenidae. The type species is Arvinachelys goldeni.
Bairdemys thalassica^[50]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ferreira et al.	Miocene	Capadare Formation	Venezuela	A podocnemidid belonging to the clade Stereogenyina, a species of Bairdemys.
Baltemys velogastros^[51]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lichtig & Lucas	Eocene (early Bridgerian)	Huerfano Formation	United States	A member of Kinosternidae, a species of Baltemys.
Corsochelys bentleyi^[52]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schwimmer et al.	Late Cretaceous		United States	A member of Dermochelyidae, a species of Corsochelys.
Desmatochelys padillai^[53]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cadena & Parham	Early Cretaceous (late Barremian-early Aptian)	Paja Formation	Colombia	A member of Protostegidae, species of Desmatochelys.	Desmatochelys padillai
Gaffneylania^[54]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sterli, de la Fuente & Krause	Middle Eocene	Sarmiento Formation	Argentina	A member of Meiolaniidae. The type species is Gaffneylania auricularis.
Gobiapalone palaeocenica^[55]	Sp. nov	Valid	Danilov et al.	Paleocene	Bugin Tsav Basin	Mongolia	A member of Trionychidae, a species of Gobiapalone. The genus Gobiapalone was considered to be a junior synonym of the genus Kuhnemys by Georgalis & Joyce (2017), though the authors maintained G. palaeocenica as a distinct species within the latter genus.^[56]
Gomphochelys^[57]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bourque et al.	Early Wasatchian	Willwood Formation	United States	A member of Dermatemydidae. The type species is Gomphochelys nanus.
Judithemys russelli^[58]	Sp. nov	Valid	Brinkman	Late Cretaceous		Canada	A member of (likely non-monophyletic) Macrobaenidae, a species of Judithemys.
Jurassichelon^[59]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pérez-García	Late Jurassic (early Tithonian)		France	A basal member of Eucryptodira. The type species is Jurassichelon oleronensis.
Khunnuchelys lophorhothon^[60]	Sp. nov	Valid	Danilov et al.	Late Cretaceous (Santonian or early Campanian)	Bostobe Formation	Kazakhstan	A trionychine trionychid, a species of Khunnuchelys.
Kimurachelys^[61]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Brinkman et al.	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)	Dinosaur Park Formation	Canada	A chelonioid turtle. The type species is Kimurachelys slobodae.
Leyvachelys^[62]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cadena	Early Cretaceous (Barremian-Aptian)	Glen Rose Formation Paja Formation	Colombia United States	A member of Pan-Cryptodira belonging to the family Sandownidae. The type species is Leyvachelys cipadi.
Mauremys oshiroi^[63]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Takahashi et al.	Late Pleistocene	Tomori Amaga Cave	Japan	A pond turtle.
Neurankylus hutchisoni^[64]	Sp. nov	Valid^[65]	Lively	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Kaiparowits Formation	United States	A member of Baenidae, a species of Neurankylus.
Neurankylus utahensis^[64]	Sp. nov	Valid^[65]	Lively	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Kaiparowits Formation	United States	A member of Baenidae, a species of Neurankylus.
Perochelys^[66]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Li, Joyce & Liu	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Jiufotang Formation	China	A soft-shelled turtle of uncertain phylogenetic placement; it might be a stem- or a crown-trionychid. The type species is Perochelys lamadongensis.
Phunoichelys^[67]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Tong et al.	Late Jurassic	Phu Kradung Formation	Thailand	A xinjiangchelyid eucryptodiran. The type species is Phunoichelys thirakhupti.
Portlandemys gracilis^[68]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Anquetin, Püntener & Billon-Bruyat	Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian)	Reuchenette Formation	Switzerland	A plesiochelyid eucryptodiran, a species of Portlandemys.
Sternotherus bonevalleyensis^[69]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Bourque & Schubert	Late Hemphillian		United States	A musk turtle.
Sternotherus palaeodorus^[69]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Bourque & Schubert	Late Hemphillian		United States	A musk turtle.
Taraschelon^[70]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid^[71]	Pérez-García	Early Oligocene		France	A tortoise; a new genus for "Testudo" gigas Bravard (1844).
Testudo brevitesta^[72]	Sp. nov	Valid^[73]	Vlachos & Tsoukala	Late Pliocene (early Villafranchian)		Greece	A tortoise, a species of Testudo.
Thalassemys bruntrutana^[74]	Sp. nov	Valid	Püntener, Anquetin & Billon-Bruyat	Late Jurassic (late Kimmeridgian)	Reuchenette Formation	Switzerland	A basal member of Pancryptodira, a species of Thalassemys.
Toremys^[75]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Pérez-García et al.	Early Cretaceous (early Albian)		Spain	A pleurosternid paracryptodiran. The type species is Toremys cassiopeia.
"Trionyx" jixiensis^[76]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Li et al.	Early Cretaceous	Chengzihe Formation	China	A member of Trionychinae of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Xiaochelys^[77]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Zhou & Rabi	Early Cretaceous (Barremian-early Aptian)	Yixian Formation	China	A member of Sinemydidae. The type species is Xiaochelys ningchengensis.

Archosauriformes

Pseudosuchians

Research

Revision of the type material of Rauisuchus tiradentes is published by Lautenschlager and Rauhut (2015).^[78]
A study on the changes in the morphology of vertebrae caused by increased adaptation to aquatic locomotion in the evolution of crocodylomorphs is published by Molnar et al. (2015).^[79]
A study of the evolutionary history of the clade Crocodyliformes is published by Bronzati, Montefeltro and Langer (2015).^[80]
A study of impact of the climate changes on the evolution and biodiversity of pseudosuchian archosaurs is published by Mannion et al. (2015).^[81]
A study on the phylogenetic position of thalattosuchians within Crocodylomorpha is published by Wilberg (2015).^[82]
A review of the diagnostic features of the species assigned to the genus Machimosaurus is published by Martin, Vincent & Falconnet (2015).^[83]
An isolated metriorhynchid tooth is described from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) Hybla Formation (Sicily, Italy) by Chiarenza et al. (2015), extending the known geological range of Metriorhynchidae and Thalattosuchia by approximately 7–8 million years;^[84] Fischer et al. (2015) subsequently caution that it might potentially be a pliosaurid tooth instead.^[17]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Albertosuchus^[85]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wu & Brinkman	Latest Cretaceous	Scollard Formation	Canada	A crocodylian, probably a crocodyloid. The type species is Albertosuchus knudsenii.
Allodaposuchus hulki^[86]	Sp. nov	Valid	Blanco et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Tremp Formation	Spain	A eusuchian crocodylomorph, a species of Allodaposuchus.
Caiman wannlangstoni^[87]	Sp. nov	Valid	Salas-Gismondi et al.	Late Middle Miocene	Pebas Formation	Peru	A caiman, a species of Caiman.
Carnufex^[88]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Zanno et al.	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Pekin Formation	United States	An early member of Crocodylomorpha. The type species is Carnufex carolinensis.	Carnufex
Dagasuchus^[89]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lacerda, Schultz & Bertoni-Machado	Triassic (late Ladinian/early Carnian)	Santa Maria Formation	Brazil	A non-crocodylomorph loricatan. The type species is Dagasuchus santacruzensis.
Gnatusuchus^[87]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Salas-Gismondi et al.	Late Middle Miocene	Pebas Formation	Peru	A caiman. The type species is Gnatusuchus pebasensis.
Gorgetosuchus^[90]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Heckert et al.	Late Triassic	Pekin Formation	United States	An aetosaur. The type species is Gorgetosuchus pekinensis.
Koumpiodontosuchus^[91]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sweetman, Pedreira-Segade & Vidovic	Early Cretaceous (Barremian)	Wessex Formation	United Kingdom	A crocodyliform related to Bernissartia. The type species is Koumpiodontosuchus aprosdokiti.
Kuttanacaiman^[87]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Salas-Gismondi et al.	Late Middle Miocene	Pebas Formation	Peru	A caiman. The type species is Kuttanacaiman iquitosensis.
Lohuecosuchus^[92]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Narváez et al.	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian-early Maastrichtian)		France Spain	A eusuchian crocodyliform related to Allodaposuchus. The type species is Lohuecosuchus megadontos; genus also contains Lohuecosuchus mechinorum.	Lohuecosuchus
Zoneait^[93]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wilberg	Middle Jurassic (Aalenian–Bajocian)	Snowshoe Formation	United States	A thalattosuchian crocodylomorph. The type species is Zoneait nargorum.

Non-avian dinosaurs

Research

A study of phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs belonging to the family Diplodocidae and the taxonomic revision of the family is published by Tschopp, Mateus and Benson (2015); the authors propose to reestablish Brontosaurus as a genus distinct from Apatosaurus and to transfer Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis to the genus Supersaurus.^[94]^[95]
Additional information on the anatomy of the holotype specimen of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Tataouinea hannibalis, including description of newly discovered fossil material of this specimen, and study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Fanti et al. (2015).^[96]
A reevaluation of the estimated body mass of Dreadnoughtus schrani is published by Bates et al. (2015).^[97]
A study of phylogenetic relationships of ornithischian dinosaurs traditionally referred to as ‘basal ornithopods’ or ‘hypsilophodontids’ is published by Boyd (2015).^[98]
Carpenter & Lamanna (2015) reinterpret the ornithopod braincase from the Morrison Formation of the Carnegie Quarry at Dinosaur National Monument (Utah), formerly assigned to Uteodon aphanoecetes, as actually belonging to Dryosaurus cf. D. altus. The authors consider genera Uteodon and Cumnoria to be junior synonyms of Camptosaurus, and transfer the species Cumnoria prestwichii and Uteodon aphanoecetes to the genus Camptosaurus.^[99]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Augustynolophus^[100]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Prieto-Márquez et al.	Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian)	Moreno Formation	United States	A hadrosaurid; a new genus for "Saurolophus" morrisi Prieto-Márquez & Wagner (2013).
Boreonykus^[101]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bell & Currie	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)	Wapiti Formation	Canada	A dromaeosaurid theropod. The type species is Boreonykus certekorum.
Chilesaurus^[102]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Novas et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Toqui Formation	Chile	A dinosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally classified as a theropod dinosaur (a basal member of Tetanurae), but subsequently argued to be an ornithischian.^[103] The type species is Chilesaurus diegosuarezi.	Chilesaurus
Crichtonpelta^[104]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid^[105]	Arbour & Currie	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian)	Sunjiawan Formation	China	An ankylosaurine ankylosaurid; a new genus for "Crichtonsaurus" benxiensis Lü, Ji, Gao & Li (2007).
Dakotaraptor^[106]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	DePalma et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Hell Creek Formation	United States	A member of Dromaeosauridae. The type species is Dakotaraptor steini.	Dakotaraptor
Eucnemesaurus entaxonis^[107]	Sp. nov	Valid	McPhee et al.	Late Triassic	Lower Elliot Formation	South Africa	A non-sauropod sauropodomorph, a species of Eucnemesaurus.
Galeamopus^[94]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Tschopp, Mateus & Benson	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)	Morrison Formation	United States	A diplodocid sauropod; a new genus for "Diplodocus" hayi Holland (1924).	Galeamopus
Gspsaurus^[108]	Gen. et comb. nov	Dubious	Malkani	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Pab Formation	Pakistan	A titanosauriform sauropod. The type species is G. Pakistani.
Haestasaurus ^[109]	Gen. et comb. nov.	Valid	Upchurch, Mannion & Taylor	Early Cretaceous (late Berriasian—Valanginian)	Hastings Beds	United Kingdom	A macronarian sauropod of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "Pelorosaurus" becklesii Mantell (1852).	Haestasaurus
Horshamosaurus^[110]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Blows	Early Cretaceous		United Kingdom	A new genus for "Polacanthus" rudgwickensis Blows (1996).
Hualianceratops ^[111]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Han et al.	Late Jurassic (Oxfordian)	Shishugou Formation	China	A basal ceratopsian, possibly a member of Chaoyangsauridae. The type species is Hualianceratops wucaiwanensis.	Hualianceratops
Huanansaurus^[112]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Lü et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian)	Nanxiong Formation	China	An oviraptorid theropod. The type species is Huanansaurus ganzhouensis.	Huanansaurus
Iguanodon galvensis^[113]	Sp. nov	Valid	Verdú et al.	Early Cretaceous (early Barremian)	Galve, Teruel	Spain	An ornithopod, a species of Iguanodon.
Ischioceratops^[114]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	He et al.	Late Cretaceous	Wangshi Group	China	A leptoceratopsid ceratopsian. The type species is Ischioceratops zhuchengensis.	Ischioceratops
Koshisaurus^[115]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Shibata & Azuma	Early Cretaceous	Kitadani Formation	Japan	A non-hadrosaurid hadrosauroid. The type species is Koshisaurus katsuyama.	Koshisaurus
Kunbarrasaurus^[116]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Leahey et al.	Cretaceous (late Albian–(?)early Cenomanian)	Allaru Mudstone	Australia	An ankylosaur. The type species is Kunbarrasaurus ieversi.	Kunbarrasaurus
Lepidocheirosaurus^[117]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Disputed	Alifanov & Saveliev	Late Jurassic (Tithonian?)	Ukureyskaya Formation	Russia	A dinosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement; considered to be a theropod dinosaur related to Nqwebasaurus by the authors of its description,^[117] but subsequently argued to be an ornithischian, possibly synonymous with Kulindadromeus.^[118]^[119] The type species is Lepidocheirosaurus natatilis.
Lepidus^[120]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Nesbitt & Ezcurra	Late Triassic	Dockum Group	United States	A coelophysoid theropod. The type species is Lepidus praecisio.	Lepidus
Morelladon^[121]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Gasulla et al.	Early Cretaceous (probably late Barremian)	Arcillas de Morella Formation	Spain	An ornithopod dinosaur, a basal member of Styracosterna. The type species is Morelladon beltrani.
Mosaiceratops^[122]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Zheng, Jin & Xu	Late Cretaceous (early-middle Turonian—middle Campanian)	Xiaguan Formation	China	A basal neoceratopsian. The type species is Mosaiceratops azumai.	Mosaiceratops
Nebulasaurus^[123]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Xing et al.	Middle Jurassic (Aalenian or Bajocian)	Zhanghe Formation	China	A eusauropod sauropod. The type species is Nebulasaurus taito.
Padillasaurus^[124]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Carballido et al.	Early Cretaceous (Barremian)	Paja Formation	Colombia	A brachiosaurid sauropod. The type species is Padillasaurus leivaensis.
Probrachylophosaurus^[125]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Freedman Fowler & Horner	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Judith River Formation	United States	A hadrosaurid. The type species is Probrachylophosaurus bergei.	Probrachylophosaurus
Pulanesaura^[126]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	McPhee et al.	Early Jurassic (probably late Hettangian to Sinemurian)	Upper Elliot Formation	South Africa	A basal sauropod. The type species is Pulanesaura eocollum.	Pulanesaura
Qijianglong^[127]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Xing et al.	Late Jurassic	Suining Formation	China	A mamenchisaurid sauropod. The type species is Qijianglong guokr.
Regaliceratops^[128]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Brown & Henderson	Late Cretaceous (probably middle Maastrichtian)	St. Mary River Formation	Canada	A chasmosaurine ceratopsid. The type species is Regaliceratops peterhewsi.	Regaliceratops
Saurornitholestes sullivani^[129]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jasinski	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)	Kirtland Formation	United States	A member of Dromaeosauridae, a species of Saurornitholestes.
Sefapanosaurus^[130]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Otero et al.	Late Triassic or Early Jurassic	Elliot Formation	South Africa	A non-sauropod sauropodomorph. The type species is Sefapanosaurus zastronensis.
Sirindhorna^[131]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Shibata et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Khok Kruat Formation	Thailand	A basal member of Hadrosauroidea. The type species is Sirindhorna khoratensis.	Sirindhorna
Ugrunaaluk^[132]	Gen. et sp. nov	Disputed	Mori, Druckenmiller & Erickson	Late Cretaceous (early Maastrichtian)	Prince Creek Formation	United States	A saurolophine hadrosaurid. The type species is Ugrunaaluk kuukpikensis. The genus Ugrunaaluk was considered to be a junior synonym of the genus Edmontosaurus by Takasaki et al. (2020).^[133]	Ugrunaaluk
Wendiceratops ^[134]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Evans & Ryan	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Oldman Formation	Canada	A centrosaurine ceratopsid. The type species is Wendiceratops pinhornensis.	Wendiceratops
Yi^[135]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Xu et al.	Jurassic (Callovian or Oxfordian)	Tiaojishan Formation	China	A scansoriopterygid theropod. The type species is Yi qi.	Yi
Zhenyuanlong^[136]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Lü & Brusatte	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A dromaeosaurid theropod. The type species is Zhenyuanlong suni.	Zhenyuanlong

Birds

Research

Balaur bondoc, originally interpreted as a member of Dromaeosauridae, is argued to be a basal member of Avialae by Cau, Brougham and Naish (2015).^[137]
Estimates of likely mass and flight capability of the extinct Chatham duck (Anas chathamica), as indicated by measurements of major bones, are published by Williams (2015).^[138]
New cranial material of the Oligo-Miocene relative of flamingos, Harrisonavis croizeti, is described by Torres et al. (2015).^[139]
New specimens of the Eocene relative of swifts, Scaniacypselus szarskii, are described by Mayr (2015).^[140]
A specimen of a stem-coliiform Masillacolius brevidactylus with preserved skull is described by Mayr (2015).^[141]
A study of the phylogenetic relationships of Psittacopes, Pumiliornis and Morsoravis, indicating their close relationship to the passerines and extinct family Zygodactylidae, is published by Mayr (2015); the author also introduced a new name, Parapasseres, for the clade containing Passeriformes and Zygodactylidae but not Psittacopes.^[142]
A study of preserved specimens of the Puerto Rican conure (previously considered to be an extinct subspecies of the Hispaniolan parakeet) is published by Olson (2015), who raises it to the rank of a separate species Psittacara maugei.^[143]
A Dwarf Emu was found in the Miocene of Alcoota in Central Australia.^[144]
Jones et al. (2015) describe a distal end of the left tibiotarsus of a member of the genus Caracara of uncertain specific assignment from the late Pleistocene of Argentina, estimated to be the largest member of the family Falconidae described thus far.^[145]
A description of the skeletal anatomy of two well-preserved specimens of the dodo is published by Claessens, Meijer and Hume (2015).^[146]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aegypius tugarinovi ^[147]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Manegold & Zelenkov	Early Pliocene, Ruscinian		Moldova	An Old World vulture, Accipitridae, related to the cinereous vulture.
Alopecoenas norfolkensis ^[148]	Sp. nov	Valid	Forshaw	Holocene		Australia	A new scientific name for the Norfolk ground dove. The previous name used to refer to this species, Columba norfolciensis Latham (1801), was suppressed by ICZN in 2010.^[149]
Anas kurochkini ^[150]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zelenkov & Panteleyev	Late Miocene		Russia	An Anatidae.
Archaeornithura ^[151]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wang et al.	Hauterivian	Huajiying Formation	China	A Hongshanornithidae. Type species A. meemannae.
Athene inexpectata ^[152]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Pavia, Manegold, & Haarhoff	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Strigidae
Circaetus haemusensis ^[153]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Boev	Early Pleistocene		Bulgaria	A snake eagle
Cratoavis ^[154]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Carvalho et al.	Aptian	Crato Member, Santana Formation	Brazil	A member of Euenantiornithes of uncertain phylogenetic placement.^[154]^[155] The type species is C. cearensis.
Dunhuangia ^[156]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wang et al.	Early Cretaceous	Xiagou Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes. The type species is D. cuii.
Eopachypteryx ^[157]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr	Eocene	Messel Formation	Germany	A bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Type species E. praeterita.
Feitianius ^[158]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	O’Connor et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Xiagou Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes. The type species is Feitianius paradisi.
Foshanornis ^[159]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Zhao et al.	Early Eocene	Buxin Formation	China	A bird of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a relative of trogons. Type species F. songi.
Fumicollis ^[160]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Bell & Chiappe	Late Cretaceous (late Coniacian—early Campanian)	The Smoky Hill Member of the Niobrara Chalk	United States	A member of Hesperornithiformes. The type species is Fumicollis hoffmani.
Gallinago azovica ^[150]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Zelenkov & Panteleyev	Middle Turolian		Russia	A snipe, Scolopacidae.
Hakawai ^[161]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid^[162]	De Pietri et al.	Early Miocene (19–16 Ma)	Bannockburn Formation	New Zealand	A member of Scolopaci of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Hakawai melvillei.
Holbotia ^[163]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid^[164]	Zelenkov & Averianov	Early Cretaceous		Mongolia	A member of Enantiornithes, probably a relative of Gobipteryx. Type species H. ponomarenkoi.
Houornis ^[165]	Gen. et comb. nov.	Valid^[166]	Wang & Liu	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "Cathayornis" caudatus Hou (1997).
Hypsipetes cowlesi ^[167]	Sp. nov.	Valid^[168]	Hume	Holocene		Rodrigues	A bulbul, Pycnonotidae
Juehuaornis ^[169]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Wang, Wang & Hu	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A basal member of Ornithuromorpha. Type species J. zhangi.
Kuntur ^[170]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Stucchi et al.	Late Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A condor. Type species K. cardenasi.
Lavadytis ^[171]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid^[172]	Stidham & Hilton	Miocene (16.1–14.6 Ma)		United States	A member of Anatidae; a member or a relative of members of the subfamily Oxyurinae. The type species is Lavadytis pyrenae.
Llallawavis^[173]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Degrange et al.	Late Pliocene	Playa Los Lobos Allo Formation	Argentina	A mesembriornithine phorusrhacid. Type species L. scagliai.	Llallawavis
Makahala ^[174]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mayr	Latest Eocene or early Oligocene	Makah Formation	United States	A member of Procellariiformes. Type species M. mirae.
Mangystania^[175]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Zvonok, Zelenkov & Danilov	Eocene (Bartonian)	Shorym Formation	Kazakhstan	Possibly a member of Suliformes. The type species is Mangystania humilicristata.
Miobaptus huzhiricus ^[176]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zelenkov	Miocene		Russia	A grebe
Mioporphyrula ^[177]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Zelenkov in Zelenkov & Kurochkin	Late Miocene		Moldova	A member of Rallidae. A new genus for "Tertiariaporphyrula" lungi Kurochkin & Ganea (1972).
Mwalau ^[178]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Worthy et al.	Holocene		Vanuatu	A megapode. The type species is M. walterlinii.
Namapsitta ^[179]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford, & Senut	Middle Eocene		Namibia	A Psittaciformes incertae sedis. Type species N. praeruptorum.
Nyctisoma ^[180]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Elżanowski & Zelenkov	Middle Miocene	Öoshin Formation	Mongolia	An Ardeidae. Type species N. robusta.
Oligonomus ^[181]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	De Pietri, Camens, & Worthy	Late Oligocene		Australia	A member of Charadriiformes related to the plains-wanderer. Type species O. milleri.
Opisthodactylus horacioperezi ^[182]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Agnolin & Chafrat	Early Miocene	Chichinales Formation	Argentina	A rheid ratite
Parapengornis ^[183]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Hu, O’Connor & Zhou	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes, a relative of Pengornis. Type species P. eurycaudatus.
Patagorhacos ^[182]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Agnolin & Chafrat	Early Miocene	Chichinales Formation	Argentina	A member of Phorusrhacidae. Type species P. terrificus.
Petrosushkinia ^[177]	Nom. nov	Valid	Zelenkov in Zelenkov & Kurochkin	Late Miocene		Kazakhstan	A member of Falconidae. A replacement name for Sushkinia Tugarinov (1935) (preoccupied).
Porzana botunensis ^[184]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Boev	Early Pleistocene		Bulgaria	A member of Rallidae, a species of crake.
Pterodroma imberi ^[185]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Tennyson, Cooper & Shepherd	Holocene		New Zealand	A member of Procellariidae, a species of gadfly petrel.
Pterygornis ^[186]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid ^[187]	Wang, Hu & Li	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes. Type species P. dapingfangensis.
Rallus adolfocaesaris ^[188]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Alcover et al.	Holocene		Madeira (Porto Santo Island)	A member of Rallidae, a species of Rallus
Rallus carvaoensis ^[188]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Alcover et al.	Holocene		Azores (São Miguel Island)	A member of Rallidae, a species of Rallus
Rallus lowei ^[188]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Alcover et al.	Holocene		Madeira (Madeira Island)	A member of Rallidae, a species of Rallus
Rallus minutus ^[188]	Sp. nov.	Junior homonym	Alcover et al.	Holocene		Azores (São Jorge Island)	A member of Rallidae, a species of Rallus. The specific name is a junior homonym of Rallus minutus Pallas (1776), Rallus minutus Gmelin (1789) and Rallus minutus Forster (1844). Alcover et al. (2016) coined a replacement name Rallus nanus.^[189]
Rallus montivagorum ^[188]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Alcover et al.	Holocene		Azores (Pico Island)	A member of Rallidae, a species of Rallus
Ramphastosula aguirrei ^[190]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Stucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt	Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A member of Sulidae, a species of Ramphastosula.
Scolopax brachycarpa ^[191]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Takano & Steadman	Late Holocene		Haiti	A woodcock.
Scopelortyx ^[179]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Mourer-Chauviré, Pickford, & Senut	Middle Eocene		Namibia	A Paraortygidae, Galliformes. Type species S. klinghardtensis.
Shiriyanetta ^[192]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Watanabe & Matsuoka	Pleistocene		Japan	A duck. The type species is Shiriyanetta hasegawai.
Spheniscus anglicus ^[193]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Benson	Late Miocene	Bahía Inglesa Formation	Chile	A banded penguin.
Stemec ^[194]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Kaiser, Watanabe & Johns	Late Oligocene	Sooke Formation	Canada	A member of Plotopteridae. The type species is Stemec suntokum.
Sula brandi ^[190]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Stucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt	Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A booby.
Sula figueroae ^[190]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Stucchi, Varas-Malca & Urbina-Schmitt	Miocene	Pisco Formation	Peru	A booby.
Tyto cravesae ^[195]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Suárez & Olson	Quaternary (probably late Pleistocene)		Cuba	A barn-owl, a species of Tyto.
Tyto richae ^[152]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pavia, Manegold, & Haarhoff	Early Pliocene	Varswater Formation	South Africa	A Tytonidae barn-owl.
Yuanjiawaornis ^[196]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Hu et al.	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Enantiornithes. Type species Yuanjiawaornis viriosus.

Pterosaurs

Research

A study on the terrestrial locomotion of non-pterodactyloid pterosaurs is published by Witton (2015).^[197]
A specimen of Rhamphorhynchus muensteri with preserved soft tissues or impressions of soft tissues, stomach contents and possibly a coprolite is described by Hone et al. (2015).^[198]
Eleutério et al. (2015) study the bone microstructure characterization of two pterosaurs belonging to the group Anhangueria.^[199]
The paleoenvironments of azhdarchid pterosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Kazakhstan are studied by Averianov et al. (2015).^[200]
Martill et al. (2015) describe a jaw bone attributed to the mid-Cretaceous pterosaur species Alanqa saharica from the Kem Kem beds of Morocco.^[201]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Arcticodactylus^[202]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Kellner	Late Triassic (?Norian-Rhaetian)	Fleming Fjord Formation	Greenland	A non-pterodactyloid pterosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "Eudimorphodon" cromptonellus Jenkins et al. (2001).
Austriadraco^[202]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kellner	Late Triassic (late Norian)	Seefeld Formation	Austria	A non-pterodactyloid pterosaur of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Austriadraco dallavecchiai.
Banguela^[203]	Gen. et sp. nov	Disputed	Headden & Campos	Early Cretaceous	Romualdo Formation	Brazil	The type species is Banguela oberlii. Originally described as a dsungaripterid; Pêgas, Costa & Kellner (2018) considered the genus Banguela to be a junior synonym of the genus Thalassodromeus, and transferred the species B. oberlii to the latter genus.^[204]
Bergamodactylus^[202]	Gen. et sp. nov	Disputed	Kellner	Late Triassic (Alaunian)	Calcari di Zorzino Formation	Italy	Originally interpreted as a relative of Campylognathoides. The type species is Bergamodactylus wildi. Dalla Vecchia (2018) considers B. wildi to be a junior synonym of Carniadactylus rosenfeldi.^[205]
Cimoliopterus dunni^[206]	Sp. nov	Valid	Myers	Late Cretaceous (late Cenomanian)	Britton Formation	United States	A member of Pterodactyloidea, probably a pteranodontoid; a species of Cimoliopterus.
Daohugoupterus^[207]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cheng et al.	Late Jurassic	Daohugou Beds	China	A non-pterodactyloid pterosaur. The type species is Daohugoupterus delicatus.
Linlongopterus^[208]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rodrigues et al.	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Jiufotang Formation	China	A member of Pteranodontoidea, possibly related to anhanguerians. The type species is Linlongopterus jennyae.
Orientognathus^[209]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lü et al.	Late Jurassic	Tuchengzi Formation	China	A rhamphorhynchid. The type species is Orientognathus chaoyngensis.
Rhamphorhynchus etchesi^[210]	Sp. nov	Valid	O'Sullivan & Martill	Late Jurassic	Kimmeridge Clay Formation	United Kingdom	A species of Rhamphorhynchus.

Other

A study on the archosauriform evolutionary history during the Late Permian and Early Triassic, including description of chirotheriid and chirotheriid-like tracks from the Late Permian of Northern Italy, is published by Bernardi et al. (2015).^[211]

Other reptiles

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Eohyosaurus^[212]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Butler et al.	Middle Triassic (early Anisian)	Burgersdorp Formation	South Africa	A basal rhynchosaur. The type species is Eohyosaurus wolvaardti.
Erpetonyx^[213]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Modesto et al.	Carboniferous (Gzhelian)	Egmont Bay Formation	Canada	A relative of bolosaurids. The type species is Erpetonyx arsenaultorum.
Glaurung^[214]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bulanov & Sennikov	Late Permian		Germany	A member of Weigeltisauridae. The type species is Glaurung schneideri.
Opisthodontosaurus^[215]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Reisz et al.	Early Permian	Garber Formation	United States	A member of Captorhinidae. The type species is Opisthodontosaurus carrolli.
Pappochelys^[216]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schoch & Sues	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Erfurt Formation	Germany	A stem-turtle. The type species is Pappochelys rosinae.	Pappochelys
"Thalassodromeus" sebesensis^[217]	Sp. nov	Valid	Grellet-Tinner & Codrea	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)		Romania	A reptile of uncertain phylogenetic placement; initially classified as a pterosaur and a species of Thalassodromeus,^[217] but subsequently argued to be a turtle and a junior synonym of Kallokibotion bajazidi.^[218]

References

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