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Banyumasan people

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For other uses, see Banyumasan (disambiguation).
Banyumasan
Orang Jawa Banyumasan
ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦨꦚꦸꦩꦱꦤ꧀
Wòng Banyumasan / Tiyang Toyåjênéan / Priyantun Toyåjênéan
Lengger dance from Banyumas
Total population
9,140,000[1]
Regions with significant populations
 Indonesia (Central Java)
Languages
  • Native:
  • Other:
  •  
Religion
Predominantly Sunni Islam
Minority Christianity (Protestant and Catholic)
Related ethnic groups
other Javanese sub-ethnic such as: Mataram, Cirebonese, Osing, Boyanese, Tenggerese, etc.
This article contains letters from the Javanese script. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Javanese characters.

Banyumasan or Banyumasan Javanese[1] (Javanese: Ngoko: ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦨꦚꦸꦩꦱꦤ꧀ (Wòng Banyumasan),[2][3] Indonesian: Orang Banyumasan[4]) (colloquially known as Javanese Ngapak) is a collective term for a Javanese subgroup native to the Indonesia's westernmost part of Central Java. At approximately ±9 million people, they are concentrated in Banyumas, Cilacap, Kebumen, Purworejo, Purbalingga, and Banjarnegara regencies.[1][5] The Banyumasan-Javanese speak Banyumasan dialect of Javanese language, a dialect which is often called "basa ngapak-ngapak".

Social Structure

Banyumasan social structure have their own unique that which differs with the other Javanese because they had neighboring Sundanese (Priangan Timur) influence, even its root was still Javanese culture. This also related with the people's characteristic which was very egalitarian that do not recognized the term ningrat or priyayi. This was also reflected by their language Banyumasan language that did not recognised register social status. The use of high language (Krama) essentially was loanwords due to their intensive interaction with other Javanese people in order to appreciate the outer culture. Honoring to the older person commonly to be shown by good attitude, affection and manner.

Besides egalitarian, Banyumasan people also recognised by their honest and forthright characteristic which often called Cablaka / Blakasuta.

Language

Main article: Banyumasan dialect
Javanese alphabet.

Banyumasan people speak Banyumasan language, a dialect (or variety?) of Javanese. The language were still retaining some of Old Javanese loanwords. Banyumasan did not replace the word "a" with "o" just like standard Javanese do.[6] It is notable for its great number of nearly ubiquitous Sanskrit loans, found especially in literary Javanese.[7] This is due to the long history of Hindu and Buddhist influences in Java.

Like other Javanese in Indonesia, most Banyumasan people are bilingual fluent in Indonesian and Banyumasan.[8] In a public poll held circa-1990, approximately 12% of Javanese used Indonesian, around 18% used both Javanese and Indonesian, and the rest used Javanese exclusively.

In some areas especially in northern Cilacap and southern Brebes, Banyumasan people are able to speak Sundanese, due to the historical influence from the neighboring eastern Priangan region and the influx of Sundanese people migrated eastward and married the local people.[9]

The Banyumasan language also commonly written with the a script descended from the Brahmi script, natively known as Hanacaraka or Carakan. Upon Indonesian independence it was replaced with a form of the Latin alphabet.

Art

Banyumasan Arts were spread almost throughout the region. The art itself commonly consists of folk performing arts which have certain functions that related to the people's lives with their Creator. There is also another form of arts which is growing including:

Wayang Kulit Gragag Banyumasan, it is a form of wayang kulit in Banyumasan version. In this region also recognised two gragak or styles, which is Gragak Kidul Gunung and Gragak Lor Gunung. The specification of wayang kulit gragak Banyumasan is people's feel which is very thick with the show.

Bégalan, a traditional oral art which often used as part of a ceremonial wedding purpose,[10][11] the property are often kitchen tools which every tools have their own symbolism that contains Javanese philosophy and useful for the bride and groom to create their own family.

Music

Banyumasan traditional music has clear distinct with the other Javanese music.

  • Calung
A musical instrument which also commonly founded in Tatar Sunda (Sundaland) is made from bamboo snippets were transversely placed and played by being hit. This unique Banyumasan musical instrument is made of wulung bamboo that is similar to Javanese Gamelan, consists of gambang barung, gambang penerus, dhendhem, kenong, gong & kendang
  • Kenthongan (also known as Tek-Tek)
Kentongan also made from bamboo. Kenthong is the most important tool, which made from bamboo snippets that elongated hole fed by its side and is played by being hit with a short wooden stick. Kenthongan were played by 20 persons equipped with Beduk, seruling, kecrek and led by majorette. In one group of kenthongan, Kenthong that used had several kinds used to produce harmonious sounds. The songs are sung mostly Javanese song and dangdut.
  • Salawatan Jawa
One of musical arts with Islamic atmosphere with musical instrument terbang Jawa. In performing, this art sing the songs were adopted from Barzanji book.

Dance

Ebeg or kuda lumping dance being performed.
  1. Lengger, is a kind of traditional Dance that thrives in cultural Banyumasan region. This art commonly served by two ore more women. In the middle of this performing appear a male dancer which usually called badhud (clown), Lengger served in atop of a stage in the night or daylight, accompanied by a set of Calung instrument.
  2. Sintrén, is a traditional art that were played by a male with feminine clothes. Usually this art often stick with ébég. In the middle of ébég perform, the player do a ritual called mendem or trance, then one of the players mendem badan, and then be pressed with lesung and locked into a cage. In that cage he dress up like a woman and dancing along - together with the other players. In some cases, that player do a thole-thole, that means the dancer bring a tampah and going around the arena looking for donation from the viewers.
  3. Akasimuda, is an art with Islamic atmosphere that serces[clarification needed] in a form of Pencak Silat actions which mixed with the dances.
  4. Angguk, is an art with Islamic atmosphere and served in a dances form. Played by eight persons. At the end of the show the players doing Trance. (unaware)
  5. Aplang or Daeng, an art that similar with Angguk, the dancers are female teenagers.
  6. Bongkél, Traditional musical instrument similar to Angklung, only consists one Instrument with four blades barreled slendro, with tone 2, 3, 5, 6. In Bongkel perform art are served gendhing - gendhing only for bongkel.
  7. Buncis, is a blend between music arts & dance arts that served by eight players. In the show accompanied with Angklung instrument. The Buncis players besides from dancing they also become musician & vocalist. In the end of the show the Buncis players doung mendem.
  8. Ébég, is a form of traditional dance unique to Banyumasan with Propherty kuda kepang. This art tells about valor of Prajurit Jaranan (knight) with their actions. Usually this performing art equipped with barongan, penthul & cépét. In ebeg performing accompanied with gamelan which usually called bandhe. This art were similar to others Jaran lumping in other regions.

Notable persons

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Java Banyumasan in Indonesia". Joshua Project. Retrieved 2021-01-30.
  2. ^ Kamus Pepak Basa Jawa,Sudaryanto/Pranowo, 2001, #1359
  3. ^ Pramono, S.B. (2013). Piwulang Basa Jawa Pepak. Grafindo Litera Media. ISBN 978-979-3896-38-0.
  4. ^ Harjawiyana, Haryana; Theodorus Supriya (2001). Kamus unggah-ungguh basa Jawa. Kanisius. p. 185. ISBN 978-979-672-991-3.
  5. ^ [1][dead link‍]
  6. ^ Robson, Stuart; Singgih Wibisono (2002). Javanese English dictionary. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-7946-0000-X.
  7. ^ Marr, David G.; Anthony Crothers Milner (1986). Southeast Asia in the 9th to 14th centuries. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. ISBN 9971-988-39-9.
  8. ^ Errington, James Joseph (1998). Shifting languages: interaction and identity in Javanese Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-63448-2.
  9. ^ Media, Is Ariyanto-Solopos Digital. "GAGASAN: Bahasa Ibu Bukan Bahasa Daerah". Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2014-10-02.
  10. ^ Stuart Robson & Singgih Wibisono (2013). Javanese English Dictionary. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 978-14-629-1061-8.
  11. ^ Nusawungu Daryanto (20 September 2016). "Mengenal Seni Begalan Budi Rahayu Desa Banjarwaru Nusawungu Cilacap". Radar Banyumas. Retrieved 2017-03-24.
  12. ^ Bob Sugeng Hadiwinata & Christoph Schuck (2007). Democracy in Indonesia: The Challenge of Consolidation. Nomos. p. 338. ISBN 978-3-8329-2374-7.
  13. ^ Julius Pour (2007). Benny: Tragedi Seorang Loyalis. Kata Hasta Pustaka. p. 5. ISBN 978-979-1056-10-6.
  14. ^ Lia Nuralia & Iim Imadudin (2010). Randi Renggana (ed.). Kisah Perjuangan Pahlawan Indonesia. Ruang Kata. p. 104. ISBN 978-602-8389-21-1.
  15. ^ Barbara Hatley (2015). Performing Contemporary Indonesia: Celebrating Identity, Constructing Community. BRILL. p. 33. ISBN 978-90-04-28493-7.
  16. ^ Philip Hirsch & Carol Warren (2002). The Politics of Environment in Southeast Asia. Routledge. p. 44. ISBN 1-134-69045-2.
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