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AI boom

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The AI boom (also known as the AI spring[1]) refers to an ongoing period of rapid and unprecedented development in the field of artificial intelligence, with the generative AI race being a key component of this boom, which began in earnest with the founding of OpenAI in 2016 or 2017.[2] OpenAI's generative AI systems, such as its various GPT models (starting in 2018) and DALL-E (2021), have played a significant role in driving this development.[3][4][5]

In 2022, large language models were improved to where they could be used for chatbot applications; text-to-image-models were at a point where they were almost indiscernible from human-made imagery;[6] and speech synthesis software was able to replicate human speech efficiently.[7]

Over the course of late 2022 and 2023, dozens of new websites and AI chatbots were made live as Big Tech has tried to gain a foothold in the market and has led to an unprecedented increase in the ubiquity of AI tools.[8]

Public reaction to the AI boom has been mixed, with some parties hailing the new possibilities that AI creates,[9] its potential for benefiting humanity, and sophistication, while other parties denounced it for threatening job security, being 'uncanny' in its responses, and for giving flawed responses based on the programming.[10][11][12][13]

Language model

GPT-3 is a large language model that was released in 2020 by OpenAI and is capable of generating high-quality human-like text that can be hard to determine whether it was written by a human or not.[14] An upgraded version called GPT-3.5 was used in ChatGPT, which later garnered attention for its detailed responses and articulate answers across many domains of knowledge.[15] A new version called GPT-4 was released on March 14, 2023, and was used in the Microsoft Bing search engine.[16][17] Other language models have been released such as PaLM by Google and LLaMA by Meta Platforms.

In January 2023, DeepL Write, an AI-based tool to improve monolingual texts, was released.[18]

Text-to-image models

One of the first text-to-image models to capture widespread public attention was OpenAI's DALL-E, a transformer system announced in January 2021.[19] A successor capable of generating more complex and realistic images, DALL-E 2, was unveiled in April 2022,[20] followed by Stable Diffusion, an open source alternative, releasing in August 2022.[21]

Following other text-to-image models, language model-powered text-to-video platforms such as DAMO,[22] Make-A-Video,[23] Imagen Video[24] and Phenaki[25] can generate video from text and/or text/image prompts.[26]

Speech synthesis

15.ai was one of the first publicly available speech synthesis software that allowed people to generate natural emotive high-fidelity text-to-speech voices from an assortment of fictional characters from a variety of media sources. It was first released on March 2020.[27][28] ElevenLabs unveiled a website where users are able to upload voice samples to that allowed it to generate voices from them. The company was criticized after users were able to abuse its software to generate controversial statements in the vocal style of celebrities, public officials, and other famous individuals[29] and raised concerns that it could be used to generate deepfakes that were more convincing.[30] An unofficial song created using the voices of musicians Drake and The Weeknd in speech synthesis software raised questions about the ethics and legality of similar software.[31]

See also

References

  1. ^ Bommasani, Rishi (March 17, 2023). "AI Spring? Four Takeaways from Major Releases in Foundation Models". Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence. Archived from the original on May 7, 2023. Retrieved May 16, 2023.
  2. ^ "Why am I not terrified of AI?". Shtetl-Optimized. 2023-03-06. Archived from the original on 2023-05-12. Retrieved 2023-03-19.
  3. ^ Newman, Daniel (March 14, 2023). "Exploring The Ins And Outs Of The Generative AI Boom". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2023-03-28. Retrieved 2023-03-14.
  4. ^ "The AI boom: lessons from history". The Economist. 2023-03-13. Archived from the original on 2023-03-13. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  5. ^ Kafka, Peter (2023-02-01). "The AI boom is here, and so are the lawsuits". Vox. Archived from the original on 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  6. ^ Vincent, James (2022-05-24). "All these images were generated by Google's latest text-to-image AI". The Verge. Archived from the original on 2023-02-15. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  7. ^ Cox, Joseph (January 31, 2023). "AI-Generated Voice Firm Clamps Down After 4chan Makes Celebrity Voices for Abuse". Vice. Archived from the original on 2023-05-07. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  8. ^ Firth-Butterfield, Kay (18 January 2023). "2022 was a big year for AI development. In 2023, we must decide how best to use it". Asia News Network. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  9. ^ Eapen, Tojin T.; Finkenstadt, Daniel J.; Folk, Josh; Venkataswamy, Lokesh (2023-06-16). "How Generative AI Can Augment Human Creativity". Harvard Business Review. ISSN 0017-8012. Retrieved 2023-06-20.
  10. ^ McKendrick, Joe (May 17, 2020). "No matter how sophisticated, artificial intelligence systems still need human oversight". ZDNET. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  11. ^ Sukhadeve, Ashish (February 9, 2021). "Council Post: Artificial Intelligence For Good: How AI Is Helping Humanity". Forbes. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  12. ^ "Could AI advancements be a threat to your job security?". Learning People. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  13. ^ Zinkula, Jacob; Mok, Aaron (June 4, 2023). "ChatGPT may be coming for our jobs. Here are the 10 roles that AI is most likely to replace". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  14. ^ Sagar, Ram (2020-06-03). "OpenAI Releases GPT-3, The Largest Model So Far". Analytics India Magazine. Archived from the original on 2020-08-04. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  15. ^ Lock, Samantha (2022-12-05). "What is AI chatbot phenomenon ChatGPT and could it replace humans?". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2023-01-16. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  16. ^ Lardinois, Frederic (2023-03-14). "Microsoft's new Bing was using GPT-4 all along". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 2023-03-15. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  17. ^ Derico, Ben; Kleinman, Zoe (2023-03-14). "OpenAI announces ChatGPT successor GPT-4". BBC News. Archived from the original on 2023-05-15. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  18. ^ Ziegener, Daniel (17 January 2023). "DeepL Write: Brauchen wir jetzt noch eine menschliche Lektorin?". Golem.de. Archived from the original on 6 February 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  19. ^ Coldewey, Devin (2021-01-05). "OpenAI's DALL-E creates plausible images of literally anything you ask it to". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 2021-01-06. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  20. ^ Coldewey, Devin (2022-04-06). "New OpenAI tool draws anything, bigger and better than ever". TechCrunch. Archived from the original on 2023-05-06. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  21. ^ "Stable Diffusion Public Release". Stability AI. Archived from the original on 2022-08-30. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  22. ^ "ModelScope 魔搭社区". modelscope.cn. Archived from the original on 2023-05-09. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  23. ^ kumar, Ashish (2022-10-03). "Meta AI Introduces 'Make-A-Video': An Artificial Intelligence System That Generates Videos From Text". MarkTechPost. Archived from the original on 2022-12-01. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  24. ^ Edwards, Benj (2022-10-05). "Google's newest AI generator creates HD video from text prompts". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 2023-02-07. Retrieved 2022-10-25.
  25. ^ "Phenaki". phenaki.video. Archived from the original on 2022-10-07. Retrieved 2022-10-03.
  26. ^ Edwards, Benj (9 September 2022). "Runway teases AI-powered text-to-video editing using written prompts". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  27. ^ Zwiezen, Zack (2021-01-18). "Website Lets You Make GLaDOS Say Whatever You Want". Kotaku. Kotaku. Archived from the original on 2021-01-17. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  28. ^ Ruppert, Liana (2021-01-18). "Make Portal's GLaDOS And Other Beloved Characters Say The Weirdest Things With This App". Game Informer. Game Informer. Archived from the original on 2021-01-18. Retrieved 2021-01-18.
  29. ^ Jorge Jimenez (January 31, 2023). "AI company promises changes after 'voice cloning' tool used to make celebrities say awful things". PC Gamer. Archived from the original on 2023-04-04. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
  30. ^ "Seeing is believing? Global scramble to tackle deepfakes". Yahoo News. Archived from the original on 2023-02-03. Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  31. ^ Coscarelli, Joe (2023-04-19). "An A.I. Hit of Fake 'Drake' and 'The Weeknd' Rattles the Music World". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-05-15. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
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