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2023 Slovak parliamentary election

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2023 Slovak parliamentary election
Slovakia
← 2020 30 September 2023
All 150 seats in the National Council
76 seats needed for a majority
Turnout68.42% (Increase2.67pp)
Reporting
99.98%
as of 1:12 UTC+1
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
Smer Robert Fico 22.95 42 +4
PS Michal Šimečka 17.96 32 +32
Hlas Peter Pellegrini 14.70 27 New
OĽaNO and Friends Igor Matovič 8.90 16 −49
KDH Milan Majerský 6.82 12 +12
SASKA Richard Sulík 6.32 11 −2
SNS Andrej Danko 5.63 10 +10
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Results by district
Prime Minister before
Ľudovít Ódor (acting)
Independent

An early parliamentary election was held in Slovakia on 30 September 2023 to elect members of the National Council.

The 2020 Slovak parliamentary election resulted in a coalition government led by Ordinary People and Independent Personalities. On 15 December 2022 the government lost a no-confidence vote.[1] Subsequently, the National Council amended the Constitution so that an early election could be held on 30 September 2023.[2] This was the first snap election in the country since 2012.

The social democratic, left-wing populist and nationalist Smer-SD, led by former Prime Minister Robert Fico, emerged as the largest party, winning 42 seats. The social-liberal and pro-European Progressive Slovakia came in second, with 32 seats. Former Prime Minister Peter Pellegrini's social-democratic Hlas-SD, which split from Smer-SD in 2020, came in third with 27 seats, making Pellegrini the presumptive kingmaker in government formation negotiations.

The conservative OĽaNO and its allies won 16 seats, less than a quarter of their total in the 2020 election. The Christian-democratic KDH finished fifth, with 12 seats, while the classical liberal Freedom and Solidarity finished sixth with 11 seats. The Slovak National Party won ten seats, making it the smallest party to win seats.[3]

As no singular party or alliance reached the 76 seats needed for a majority, a coalition government will be needed. Analysts considered a coalition of Smer-SD, Hlas-SD, and SNS the most likely outcome, as Pellegrini has called his party and Smer-SD “closer” both “politically and ideologically” than Hlas and PS.[4][5]

Composition of the National Council

Main article: List of members of the National Council of Slovakia, 2020–2023

At the first parliamentary session on 20 March 2020, 6 parliamentary groups were established: OĽaNO, Smer, We Are Family, ĽSNS, SASKA and For the People.

Group/party Ideology Leader Deputies
Elected 2020 Incumbent 2023
OĽaNO and
Friends 		OĽaNO
Ordinary People and Independent Personalities 		Conservatism Igor Matovič
43 / 150
29 / 150
KÚ
Christian Union 		Christian right Anna Záborská
5 / 150
5 / 150
NOVA Conservatism Gábor Grendel
2 / 150
2 / 150
Smer—SD
Direction – Social Democracy 		Left-wing populism Robert Fico
38 / 150
27 / 150
We Are Family National conservatism Boris Kollár
17 / 150
16 / 150
SASKA
Freedom and Solidarity 		Liberalism Richard Sulík
13 / 150
20 / 150
Hlas—SD[a]
Voice – Social Democracy 		Social democracy Peter Pellegrini
11 / 150
ĽSNS[b]
Kotlebists – People's Party Our Slovakia 		Neo-Nazism Marian Kotleba
14 / 150
7 / 150
Republic[c] Neo-fascism Milan Uhrík
5 / 150
For the People[d] Liberal conservatism Veronika Remišová
12 / 150
1 / 150
Change from Below[e] Liberal conservatism Ján Budaj
3 / 150
0 / 150
Life[f]
Life – National Party 		Christian right Tomáš Taraba
3 / 150
3 / 150
PS[g]
Progressive Slovakia 		Social liberalism Michal Šimečka
1 / 150
Democrats[h]
 Liberal conservatism Eduard Heger
16 / 150

Television debates

2023 Slovak parliamentary election
Date Broadcasters  P  Present   S  Surrogate   NI  Not invited   A  Absent   I  Invited   N  No debate  
OĽANO Smer SR ĽSNS PS D SASKA KDH Aliancia MF SNS Modrí, Híd Hlas REP Piráti PRINCÍP SOS KSS VB SPRAVODLIVOSŤ SHO MySlovensko SRDCE SDKÚ-DS KARMA
3 Sep 2023[6] JOJ 24
(150th candidates) 		P
Matovič 		P
Bekmatov 		P
Klus 		NI A
Kusá 		NI P
Hlina 		P
F. Majerský 		NI NI P
Huliak 		NI A
L. Pellegrini 		P
Mazurek 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
19 Sep 2023[7] Jednotka/RS NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI S
Kaliaš 		S
Smolka 		NI P
Stanovič 		NI NI P
Panenka 		NI NI P
Szaboová
20 Sep 2023[7] TV JOJ/JOJ 24 P
Matovič 		NI P
Kollár 		NI NI NI NI P
Majerský 		NI NI P
Danko 		NI NI P
Uhrík 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
20 Sep 2023[7] Jednotka/RS NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P
Šubová 		NI NI P
Hrdlička 		NI P
Chlebo 		P
Švec 		NI NI P
Rybárik 		NI
21 Sep 2023[7] TV JOJ/JOJ 24 NI P
Fico 		NI NI P
Šimečka 		NI P
Sulík 		NI NI NI NI NI P
Pellegrini 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
21 Sep 2023[7] Jednotka/RS NI NI NI S
Schlosár 		NI NI NI NI NI S
Rajtár 		NI S
Schwarzbacher 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI S
Tokár 		NI NI
22 Sep 2023[7][8] TV Markíza NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI S
Kaliaš 		P
Hanuliak 		NI P
Stanovič 		P
Chlebo 		P
Švec 		NI NI NI P
Szaboová
23 Sep 2023[7][9] TV Markíza NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P
Šubová 		NI NI P
Hrdlička 		NI NI NI P
Panenka 		S
Kováč 		P
Rybárik 		NI
24 Sep 2023[7][10] TV Markíza NI NI NI S
Kotleba 		NI S
Letanovská 		NI NI P
Forró 		P
Šimon 		NI P
Dzurinda 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
25 Sep 2023[7][11] Jednotka/RS P
Jurinová 		NI NI NI NI S
Naď 		NI NI S
Gyimesi 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
25 Sep 2023[7][12] TA3 S
Remišová 		NI S
Krajniak 		NI NI NI NI P
Majerský 		P
Forró 		NI P
Danko 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
25 Sep 2023[7][13] TV Markíza P
Matovič 		A
Fico 		P
Kollár 		NI P
Šimečka 		NI P
Sulík 		P
Majerský 		NI NI P
Danko 		NI S
Tomáš 		P
Uhrík 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
26 Sep 2023[7]
(cancelled)[14] 		TV Markíza N
Matovič 		N
Fico 		NI NI N
Šimečka 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI N
Pellegrini 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
26 Sep 2023[7][15] Jednotka/RS NI NI S
Pčolinský 		NI NI NI S
Gröhling 		S
Hajko 		NI NI P
Danko 		NI NI S
Mazurek 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
26 Sep 2023[7][16] TA3 NI P
Fico 		NI NI P
Šimečka 		NI P
Sulík 		NI NI NI NI NI P
Pellegrini 		P
Uhrík 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI
27 Sep 2023[7] Jednotka/RS NI P
Fico 		NI NI P
Šimečka 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI P
Pellegrini 		NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election
This section is an excerpt from Opinion polling for the next Slovak parliamentary election § Graphical summary.[edit]
A local regression graph of all polls conducted

Issues and developments

The issues shaping the election, reportedly, include high inflation, the war in Ukraine and Slovakia's support for Ukraine, the related global energy crisis, COVID-19, internal fights within the current government, corruption scandals, immigration,[17][18] and social values (particularly over LGBTQ+ issues).[19]

By the week of the election, popularity polls indicated that the two strongest parties were the Progressive Slovakia (led by pro-European Michal Simecka, a member of the European Parliament (EP) since 2019, and EP Vice-President since 2022, who has committed to maintaining support for Ukraine) and SMER-SD (headed by Robert Fico, three-time former prime minister, who has committed to ending Slovakia's support for Ukraine); however, neither appeared to be commanding a majority, and the BBC projected neither would top 20% of the vote,[19] so each would have to attempt to build a coalition with other parties to achieve the majority needed to rule.[17][18][19] Consequently, as many as 10 parties could wind up in the government.[19] The outcome could pose a crisis for NATO, particularly if Fico — to gain a majority and win control of the Slovak government — chooses to ally his party with Republika, an extremist far-right party, which blames NATO and Ukraine for the war.[17][19]

The third-largest party, which could tip the balance in favor of either of the other two, is Hlas (Voice), the moderate-left party of Peter Pellegrini (formerly of SMER-SD, and former prime minister, 2018–20). Though non-committed, he is believed to be closer to Fico.[17][18]

Preliminary results

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Direction – Social Democracy681,01722.9542+4
Progressive Slovakia533,13617.9632+32
Voice – Social Democracy436,41514.7027New
OĽaNO and Friends264,1378.9016–49
Christian Democratic Movement202,5156.8212+12
Freedom and Solidarity187,6456.3211–2
Slovak National Party166,9955.6310+10
Republic141,0994.750New
Alliance130,1834.3900
Democrats87,0062.9300
We Are Family65,6732.210–17
People's Party Our Slovakia25,0030.840–17
Communist Party of Slovakia9,8670.330New
Pirate Party – Slovakia9,3580.320New
Modrí, Most–Híd7,9350.270New
Hungarian Forum3,4860.120New
MySlovensko2,7860.090New
Karma2,4070.080New
Common Citizens of Slovakia2,4010.080New
HEART Patriots and Pensioners – Slovak National Unity2,3150.080New
Princíp1,8170.060New
Justice1,3350.0400
Slovak Revival Movement1,3320.0400
Patriotic Bloc1,2620.040New
Slovak Democratic and Christian Union – Democratic Party7710.030New
Total2,967,896100.001500
Valid votes2,967,89698.83
Invalid/blank votes35,0521.17
Total votes3,002,948100.00
Registered voters/turnout4,388,87268.42
Source: Results (99.98% counted)

Results by region

Region Smer PS Hlas OĽaNO
and Friends 		KDH SaS SNS Republic Alliance Democrats We Are
Family 		People's Party
Our Slovakia 		Other parties
Bratislava Region 18.54 31.00 10.36 6.17 4.90 12.50 4.31 3.14 0.91 4.43 1.78 0.57
Trnava Region 22.01 17.07 12.11 9.40 4.56 5.36 4.43 4.38 12.69 2.92 2.19 0.81
Trenčín Region 29.47 16.63 16.40 5.93 5.44 5.63 7.28 5.45 0.03 2.84 2.22 1.06
Nitra Region 25.31 14.42 14.40 7.47 4.06 4.80 4.51 4.46 13.91 2.19 2.01 0.80
Žilina Region 25.79 15.51 16.04 6.90 9.38 5.56 8.11 5.61 0.02 2.80 2.02 0.96
Banská Bystrica Region 22.89 14.96 19.76 7.41 4.29 5.14 6.53 5.18 5.17 2.40 2.73 1.33
Prešov Region 22.04 10.83 16.16 14.78 14.07 4.10 5.73 5.22 0.07 2.65 2.36 0.63
Košice Region 21.10 14.68 15.08 13.46 6.80 5.74 4.38 4.97 5.44 2.98 2.75 0.76
Foreign 6.10 61.70 2.46 3.81 3.31 10.80 3.79 3.20 0.47 2.50 0.55 0.38
Total 22.94 17.96 14.70 8.89 6.82 6.32 5.62 4.75 4.38 2.93 2.21 0.84

Notes

  1. ^ In June 2020, 11 deputies elected for Smer left its parliamentary group to found Hlas.
  2. ^ In April 2022, ĽSNS parliamentary group dissolved after it fell below the required threshold of 8 deputies.
  3. ^ In January 2021, 5 deputies elected for ĽSNS left its parliamentary group to found Republic.
  4. ^ In September 2021, For the People parliamentary group dissolved after it fell below the required threshold of 8 deputies.
  5. ^ In December 2022, Change from Below terminated its alliance with OĽaNO and its 3 deputies elected on a joint list left OĽaNO parliamentary group.
  6. ^ In May 2020, Život terminated its alliance with ĽSNS and its 3 deputies elected on a joint list left ĽSNS parliamentary group.
  7. ^ In March 2021, a deputy elected for For the People left its parliamentary group to join PS
  8. ^ In February 2021, a deputy elected for For the People left its parliamentary group to join SPOLU. In March 2023 several deputies from the OĽANO group joined the Democrats.

References

  1. ^ Janiček, Karel (15 December 2022). "Slovak coalition government collapses after losing no-confidence vote in parliament". PBS. Retrieved 28 January 2023.
  2. ^ Kahn, Michael (22 January 2023). Lawson, Hugh (ed.). "Slovakia's former coalition heads agree to early parliamentary elections". Reuters. Retrieved 24 September 2023.
  3. ^ "Výsledky predčasných volieb 2023". Denník N (in Slovak). 18 September 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  4. ^ "Coalition jockeying revs up in Slovakia after Fico win in Saturday's vote". POLITICO. 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023. Based on the election results, Smer and Hlas would have 69 seats in Slovakia's 150-seat parliament, short of a majority. The nationalist SNS party, a former partner of Smer in two governments, has 10 seats and would be a natural move to complete a majority coalition.
  5. ^ "Slovakia election: Strongman Robert Fico's return to power". DW. Retrieved 1 October 2023. Talks have not started yet, but the probability that Slovakia will have a Smer-Hlas-SNS government is very high," said Grigorij Meseznikov, head of the Institute for Public Affairs in Bratislava, the nation's capital.
  6. ^ "Prvá veľká predvolebná debata je tu! V diskusii sa stretne 9 kandidátov, aj Matovič, Hlina či Mazurek". Mediaklik.sk (in Slovak). 3 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "V televíziách sa začínajú hlavné predvolebné televízne diskusie". TASR (in Slovak). 20 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
  8. ^ "Krava do každej rodiny aj štát riadený umelou inteligenciou. Diskusný maratón na TV Markíza odštartoval prvou predvolebnou debatou". TV Markíza (in Slovak). 22 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  9. ^ "Kluby na pestovanie marihuany aj štvordňový pracovný týždeň. TV Markíza priniesla druhú predvolebnú debatu". TV Markíza (in Slovak). 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
  10. ^ "Sledujte NAŽIVO: Predvolebná diskusia s predstaviteľmi politických strán". TV Markíza (in Slovak). 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Parlamentné voľby 2023 - diskusie". Radio and Television of Slovakia (in Slovak). 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  12. ^ "Superdebata: v ta3 sa stretli zástupcovia strán KDH, SNS, OĽANO a priateľov, Aliancie a Sme rodina". TA3 (in Slovak). 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  13. ^ "Sledujte NAŽIVO: Lídri najsilnejších politických strán prezradili, o ktoré ministerstvá by mali po voľbách záujem". TV Markíza (in Slovak). 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  14. ^ "Markíza zrušila finálnu debatu pre bojkot Smeru a neúčasť Hlasu a PS, OĽaNO to považuje za "mafiánske praktiky"". Denník N (in Slovak). 22 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  15. ^ "Miesto ideológií v školstve, popieranie holokaustu či zavádzanie bankového odvodu. Aj o tom bola piata predvolebná diskusia RTVS". Radio and Television of Slovakia (in Slovak). 26 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  16. ^ "Finálna Superdebata Voľby 2023". TA3 (in Slovak). 26 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
  17. ^ a b c d "A NATO country could soon have a pro-Russian leader," updated September 28, 2023, CNN, retrieved September 29, 2023
  18. ^ a b c "Slovakia’s knife-edge election to determine stance on Ukraine," September 27, 2023, Reuters in Al Jazeera, retrieved September 29, 2023
  19. ^ a b c d e "Ukraine war: Slovakia's Robert Fico eyes comeback in Saturday's election," September 29, 2023, BBC, retrieved September 29, 2023
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